侵权

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侵权 [2025/08/13 03:55] – created xiaoer侵权 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== qīnquán: 侵权 - Infringement, Violation of Rights ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** qinquan, 侵权, infringe on rights Chinese, copyright infringement Chinese, intellectual property China, plagiarism Chinese, patent violation, what is qinquan, violate rights in Chinese, legal Chinese terms +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **侵权 (qīnquán)**, the essential Chinese legal term for "infringement" or the "violation of rights." This comprehensive guide explains its use in contexts like copyright, intellectual property (IP), patents, and personal rights in modern China. Learn the character breakdown, cultural significance, and see practical example sentences to understand how **侵权** is used in business, online, and in daily life. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** qīnquán +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To unlawfully encroach upon or violate the legal rights of another. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **侵权 (qīnquán)** is the direct, often legalistic, term for crossing a line and violating someone's established rights. Think of it as the legal concept of trespassing, but instead of land, you are trespassing on someone's rights—like their right to their own invention (patent), their creative work (copyright), their brand name (trademark), or even their reputation. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **侵 (qīn):** This character means "to invade," "to encroach," or "to aggress." The left side (亻) is the "person" radical, indicating the action is done by a person. The right side is a phonetic component that also carries the idea of sweeping or advancing. +
-  * **权 (quán):** This character means "right," "power," or "authority." The left side (木) is the "wood" radical. The character can be conceptually linked to a weighing scale's beam, which was made of wood and represents balance, authority, and what is rightfully due. +
-  * Together, **侵权 (qīnquán)** literally means "to invade a right," a perfect and direct description of infringement. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-While the concept of causing harm has always existed in China, the Western-style legal concept of individual "rights" (权利, quánlì), especially intellectual property rights, is a more modern development. Historically, Confucian-influenced culture often prioritized collective harmony and relationships over individual claims. +
-However, since China's economic reforms and entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), the term **侵权 (qīnquán)** has become incredibly important. The government has built a massive legal framework to protect intellectual property, and public awareness of personal rights (like privacy and reputation) is growing rapidly. +
-Therefore, **侵权 (qīnquán)** is a powerful lens through which to view modern China's transformation. It represents the shift from a relationship-based society to one that is increasingly governed by codified laws and an international standard of rights. Unlike the American context, where "suing for infringement" has a long history, in China, it's a newer but explosive phenomenon, especially visible in online disputes over content creation, plagiarism, and brand imitation. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**侵权** is primarily a formal and legal term, but its usage has spread into semi-formal and online contexts. +
-  * **Legal & Business:** This is its most common home. You will see it in contracts, court filings, cease-and-desist letters, and business negotiations regarding patents and trademarks. It is precise and serious. +
-  * **Online & Social Media:** Extremely common. Netizens will use **侵权** to call out plagiarism (抄袭), the use of their photos or artwork without permission, or the creation of pirated content (盗版). It's the go-to word for "You're stealing my stuff online!" in a way that implies a violation of rights. +
-  * **Personal Complaints:** While less common in casual chat, a person might use it to describe a serious violation of their personal space or reputation, such as a landlord entering without notice or someone spreading damaging rumors. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 这个网站**侵权**了，他们未经授权就使用了我的照片。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège wǎngzhàn **qīnquán** le, tāmen wèi jīng shòuquán jiù shǐyòngle wǒ de zhàopiàn. +
-    * English: This website infringed on my rights; they used my photos without authorization. +
-    * Analysis: A very common complaint in the digital age. Here, **侵权** is used as a verb, "to infringe." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 使用盗版软件是一种**侵权**行为。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shǐyòng dàobǎn ruǎnjiàn shì yī zhǒng **qīnquán** xíngwéi. +
-    * English: Using pirated software is an act of infringement. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **侵权** is used as a noun, modifying "行为 (xíngwéi)," meaning "act" or "behavior." +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 该公司因**侵权**我们的专利而被起诉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gāi gōngsī yīn **qīnquán** wǒmen de zhuānlì ér bèi qǐsù. +
-    * English: That company was sued for infringing on our patent. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence showcases the formal, legal use of the term in a business context. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 在网上散布谣言**侵权**了他人的名誉权。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài wǎngshàng sànbù yáoyán **qīnquán** le tārén de míngyùquán. +
-    * English: Spreading rumors online infringes upon another person's right to their reputation. +
-    * Analysis: This shows that **侵权** isn't just for property; it also applies to abstract personal rights like "名誉权 (míngyùquán)," the right to one's reputation. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他的毕业论文被发现严重**侵权**，基本上都是抄袭的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de bìyè lùnwén bèi fāxiàn yánzhòng **qīnquán**, jīběn shàng dōu shì chāoxí de. +
-    * English: His graduation thesis was found to have seriously infringed; it was basically all plagiarized. +
-    * Analysis: Plagiarism (抄袭, chāoxí) is a specific type of **侵权**. This sentence shows how the two concepts are linked. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 如果你认为这**侵权**了，你可以联系我们的法务部门。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ rènwéi zhè **qīnquán** le, nǐ kěyǐ liánxì wǒmen de fǎwù bùmén. +
-    * English: If you believe this constitutes infringement, you can contact our legal department. +
-    * Analysis: A typical sentence you might find in a website's terms of service. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我们必须尊重知识产权，避免任何**侵权**问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū zūnzhòng zhīshi chǎnquán, bìmiǎn rènhé **qīnquán** wèntí. +
-    * English: We must respect intellectual property and avoid any infringement issues. +
-    * Analysis: Shows **侵权** used as a noun in the phrase "**侵权**问题" (infringement issues). +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这家山寨公司的产品从设计到商标都构成了**侵权**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā shānzhài gōngsī de chǎnpǐn cóng shèjì dào shāngbiāo dōu gòuchéngle **qīnquán**. +
-    * English: The products of this copycat company constitute an infringement in everything from design to trademark. +
-    * Analysis: "构成侵权 (gòuchéng qīnquán)" is a formal way to say "constitutes infringement." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 律师发来了一封警告信，指控我们**侵权**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǜshī fālái le yī fēng jǐnggào xìn, zhǐkòng wǒmen **qīnquán**. +
-    * English: The lawyer sent a warning letter, accusing us of infringement. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates a common real-world consequence of being perceived to have committed **侵权**. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 你觉得这种二次创作算**侵权**吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ juéde zhè zhǒng èrcì chuàngzuò suàn **qīnquán** ma? +
-    * English: Do you think this kind of derivative work (fan art/fiction) counts as infringement? +
-    * Analysis: A great example of a modern debate. "二次创作 (èrcì chuàngzuò)" refers to fan-made creations, and whether they constitute fair use or **侵权** is a hot topic online. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **侵权 (qīnquán) vs. 违法 (wéifǎ):** A common point of confusion. **违法 (wéifǎ)** means "illegal" or "to break the law" in a very general sense. All **侵权** is **违法**, but not all **违法** is **侵权**. For example, speeding is **违法**, but it's not **侵权** because you aren't violating a specific person's rights. **侵权** is a specific type of illegal act that targets someone's rights. +
-  * **侵权 (qīnquán) vs. 伤害 (shānghài):** **伤害 (shānghài)** means "to harm" or "to injure," physically or emotionally. While an act of **侵权** can cause **伤害** (e.g., financial harm from piracy), the words are not interchangeable. You would not say someone "infringed your feelings" (侵权你的感情). **侵权** is the legal action; **伤害** is the resulting damage. +
-  * **Incorrect Usage:** Do not use **侵权** for general rude behavior. Someone cutting in line is rude (不礼貌, bù lǐmào) or uncivilized (不文明, bù wénmíng), but it is not **侵权**. The term requires the violation of a legally or formally recognized right. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[权利]] (quánlì) - Rights. The core concept that is violated in an act of **侵权**. +
-  * [[知识产权]] (zhīshi chǎnquán) - Intellectual Property (IP). A major category of rights that are protected from **侵权**. +
-  * [[版权]] (bǎnquán) - Copyright. A specific right related to creative works. Infringing it is **侵犯版权 (qīnfàn bǎnquán)**. +
-  * [[专利]] (zhuānlì) - Patent. A right related to an invention. +
-  * [[商标]] (shāngbiāo) - Trademark. A right related to a brand's name or logo. +
-  * [[抄袭]] (chāoxí) - To plagiarize. A very common method of committing copyright **侵权**. +
-  * [[盗版]] (dàobǎn) - Piracy / pirated goods. The illegal products that result from copyright **侵权**. +
-  * [[违法]] (wéifǎ) - Illegal; to break the law. The broader category under which **侵权** falls. +
-  * [[名誉权]] (míngyùquán) - The right to one's reputation. Defamation is an **侵权** of this right. +
-  * [[隐私权]] (yǐnsīquán) - The right to privacy. Doxxing or unlawful surveillance is an **侵权** of this right.+