农民

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农民 [2025/08/13 05:51] – created xiaoer农民 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== nóngmín: 农民 - Farmer, Peasant ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** nongmin meaning, Chinese farmer, Chinese peasant, nóngmín, 农民, what does nongmin mean, agriculture in China, rural China, nongmin HSK, 农民工, migrant worker +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese word **农民 (nóngmín)** translates to "farmer" or "peasant," but it signifies much more than just a profession. It represents a foundational social class that has been the backbone of Chinese civilization for millennia. Understanding **农民** is key to grasping China's history, its economic development, and the profound social transformations of modern urban China, including the crucial concept of the migrant worker (**农民工**). This page explores the deep cultural roots, modern usage, and essential nuances of this powerful term. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** nóngmín +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A person who cultivates land and raises crops for a living; a farmer or peasant. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** While "farmer" is the direct translation, **农民 (nóngmín)** evokes a deep-seated cultural identity tied to the land, hard work, and rural life. Historically, farmers were considered the foundation of society. Today, the term can range from a neutral descriptor to a term implying someone is "from the countryside" and perhaps unsophisticated, reflecting the massive social shifts between rural and urban China. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **农 (nóng):** This character is intrinsically linked to agriculture. Its ancient form depicted a tool used for farming, like a shell or a plow. It's the root for all things related to farming, like "agriculture" (农业) and "farmland" (农田). +
-  * **民 (mín):** This character means "the people," "citizen," or "a member of the populace." It's a broad term for the common folk of a nation. +
-  * When combined, **农民 (nóngmín)** literally translates to "farming people." This effectively singles out the agricultural population as a distinct and fundamental group within the larger "people" (人民, rénmín) of the country. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In traditional Chinese social hierarchy, society was often structured as **士农工商 (shì nóng gōng shāng)**: Scholars, Farmers, Artisans, and Merchants. Placing farmers second, only below the educated ruling class, shows the immense respect and importance afforded to agriculture. Farmers were the bedrock of civilization—they fed the empire. This contrasts sharply with some Western feudal systems where "peasant" was a much lower, often denigrated status. +
-  * **Comparison to "Farmer" in the West:** The American concept of a "farmer" often brings to mind an independent business owner, possibly managing a large, mechanized farm. It's a profession. **农民 (nóngmín)**, however, is closer to a social identity or class. It traditionally implies a smaller-scale, family-based operation, a deep, multi-generational connection to a specific piece of land, and a life lived within a tight-knit village community. The values associated with the ideal **农民** are resilience, hard work (吃苦耐劳, chīkǔ nàiláo), simplicity, and a closeness to nature. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **农民 (nóngmín)** is a high-frequency word used constantly in news, policy, and daily life. +
-  * **Neutral Context:** In news reports or government documents, it's a neutral, descriptive term. Discussions about "the three rural issues" (**三农问题, sān nóng wèntí**)—agriculture (农业), rural areas (农村), and farmers (农民)—are central to national policy. +
-  * **Negative Connotation:** In informal, urban contexts, calling someone "农民" or saying they act like one can be a mild insult. It can imply they are unsophisticated, unfashionable (土, tǔ), or out of touch with city life. This reflects the urban-rural divide and social prejudices. +
-  * **农民工 (nóngmín gōng) - The Migrant Worker:** This is perhaps the most important modern term derived from **农民**. It refers to people with rural household registration (**户口, hùkǒu**) who move to cities to work, typically in construction or manufacturing. They are the "farmer-workers" who built modern China's cities but often face social and economic challenges, lacking the same social services as urban residents. This term is central to understanding modern Chinese society. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他是一位**农民**，在农村种了很多蔬菜。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì yí wèi **nóngmín**, zài nóngcūn zhòngle hěn duō shūcài. +
-    * English: He is a farmer and grows a lot of vegetables in the countryside. +
-    * Analysis: A simple, neutral, and descriptive sentence. The measure word for respected professions, 位 (wèi), is used here. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 中国有几亿**农民**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhōngguó yǒu jǐ yì **nóngmín**. +
-    * English: China has several hundred million farmers. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the sheer scale of the agricultural population in China. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * **农民**的生活很辛苦，但是他们很乐观。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Nóngmín** de shēnghuó hěn xīnkǔ, dànshì tāmen hěn lèguān. +
-    * English: The life of a farmer is very hard, but they are very optimistic. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence reflects the common perception of farmers as resilient and hardworking (辛苦, xīnkǔ). +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 很多年轻人不想当**农民**了，他们都想去大城市工作。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hěn duō niánqīngrén bù xiǎng dāng **nóngmín** le, tāmen dōu xiǎng qù dà chéngshì gōngzuò. +
-    * English: Many young people don't want to be farmers anymore; they all want to go work in big cities. +
-    * Analysis: This illustrates the trend of urbanization and the challenges facing rural communities in China. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 政府出台了新政策来提高**农民**的收入。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn zhèngcè lái tígāo **nóngmín** de shōurù. +
-    * English: The government has introduced new policies to increase farmers' income. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how the term is used in the context of politics and economics. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 你穿得怎么像个**农民**？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ chuān de zěnme xiàng ge **nóngmín**? +
-    * English: Why are you dressed like a farmer? +
-    * Analysis: This is an example of the term's negative, derogatory use, implying the person's clothes are unfashionable or "country." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我爷爷是**农民**，我为他感到骄傲。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ yéye shì **nóngmín**, wǒ wèi tā gǎndào jiāo'ào. +
-    * English: My grandfather was a farmer, and I'm proud of him. +
-    * Analysis: Here, the term is used with a sense of pride and respect for one's roots. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这座城市里的许多建筑都是**农民工**建造的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè zuò chéngshì lǐ de xǔduō jiànzhù dōu shì **nóngmín gōng** jiànzào de. +
-    * English: Many of the buildings in this city were built by migrant workers. +
-    * Analysis: This crucial example introduces the term **农民工 (nóngmín gōng)**, highlighting their contribution to urban development. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 如果没有**农民**，我们就没有粮食吃。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ méiyǒu **nóngmín**, wǒmen jiù méiyǒu liángshi chī. +
-    * English: If there were no farmers, we would have no food to eat. +
-    * Analysis: A simple sentence that gets to the fundamental importance of the role. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 他身上有种**农民**式的淳朴。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shēnshang yǒu zhǒng **nóngmín** shì de chúnpǔ. +
-    * English: He has a kind of farmer-like, simple honesty about him. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the term used metaphorically to describe a positive quality—sincerity and lack of pretension (淳朴, chúnpǔ). +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **"Farmer" vs. `农民`:** The most common mistake is assuming the words are perfect equivalents. An American who owns a multi-million dollar, high-tech agribusiness is a "farmer," but calling him a **农民 (nóngmín)** would sound odd. **农民** implies a more traditional, small-scale, and often less wealthy status. For a large-scale farm owner, a term like **农场主 (nóngchǎng zhǔ)**, or "farm owner," would be more appropriate. +
-  * **"Peasant" vs. `农民`:** While "peasant" is a possible translation, be cautious. In English, "peasant" carries heavy historical baggage of serfdom and is almost always negative. **农民 (nóngmín)** can be neutral or even positive (e.g., "salt of the earth"), though it can also be used derisively. Its meaning is highly context-dependent. +
-  * **Incorrect Usage Example:** +
-    * **Incorrect:** 比尔·盖茨是美国最大的**农民**。 (Bǐ'ěr Gàicí shì Měiguó zuì dà de nóngmín.) +
-    * **Reason:** This sounds strange because Bill Gates is a wealthy investor in farmland, not a traditional farmer who works the land himself. +
-    * **Better:** 比尔·盖茨是美国最大的**农场主**之一。 (Bǐ'ěr Gàicí shì Měiguó zuì dà de nóngchǎng zhǔ zhī yī.) - "Bill Gates is one of America's largest farm owners." +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[农民工]] (nóngmín gōng) - "Farmer-worker"; the hugely important term for a migrant worker from a rural area working in a city. +
-  * [[农村]] (nóngcūn) - Countryside, rural area, village. The place where **农民** traditionally live and work. +
-  * [[农业]] (nóngyè) - Agriculture. The industry and science of farming. +
-  * [[种地]] (zhòng dì) - (Verb) To farm the land, to plant crops. The primary action of a **农民**. +
-  * [[土地]] (tǔdì) - Land, soil, territory. The fundamental resource for a **农民**. +
-  * [[农场主]] (nóngchǎng zhǔ) - Farm owner. A more modern term that implies ownership and management, often on a larger scale than a typical **农民**. +
-  * [[土]] (tǔ) - Soil, earth; a common slang adjective meaning "unfashionable," "unsophisticated," or "country," often stereotypically associated with **农民**. +
-  * [[三农]] (sān nóng) - "The Three Nongs." A key government policy term referring to the intertwined issues of **农**业 (agriculture), **农**村 (rural areas), and **农**民 (farmers). +
-  * [[户口]] (hùkǒu) - Household registration system. A critical concept that legally divides the population into "rural" and "urban," underpinning the social status of **农民** and **农民工**.+