冷战

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冷战 [2025/08/06 01:09] – created xiaoer冷战 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== lěngzhàn: 冷战 - Cold War ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** lěngzhàn, 冷战, Cold War in Chinese, New Cold War, US-China relations, Chinese political terms, silent treatment in Chinese, what is lengzhan, meaning of 冷战 +
-  * **Summary:** "冷战" (lěngzhàn) is the direct Chinese translation for "Cold War," initially referring to the historical conflict between the US and the USSR. Today, it's frequently used to describe the geopolitical tensions between the US and China, often termed the "New Cold War" (新冷战). On a personal level, "冷战" also vividly describes a situation where two people, like a couple or friends, are giving each other the "silent treatment" and refusing to speak. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** lěngzhàn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** N/A (Advanced) +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A state of hostility and non-cooperation between nations or individuals, without direct, open conflict. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** "冷战" literally means "cold war." Its primary meaning is identical to the English term, referencing the tense, non-combat rivalry between superpowers. However, its usage has expanded significantly. It's the go-to term for describing the current US-China standoff and is also a very common, slightly dramatic way to describe a prolonged, angry silence between two people in a personal relationship. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **冷 (lěng):** This character means "cold" or "chilly." It can describe temperature (cold weather) or personality (a cold-hearted person). It contains the "ice" radical 冫, clearly indicating its connection to coldness. +
-  * **战 (zhàn):** This character means "war," "battle," or "to fight." It depicts a spear (戈) and is fundamentally associated with conflict. +
-  * The two characters combine to form a literal and direct translation of the concept "Cold War"—a war that is fought "coldly" with political maneuvering, propaganda, and economic pressure, rather than with "hot" (热) weapons and open battles. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * Historically, China's position during the original Cold War was complex. It was initially allied with the Soviet Union, then split and became a major non-aligned power, eventually re-establishing relations with the United States. This history gives the term a different resonance than in the West. +
-  * The most significant cultural difference today is the term's application to current events. While Western media and academia might debate whether current US-China tensions constitute a "New Cold War," in Chinese official media and popular discourse, **"新冷战" (xīn lěngzhàn)** is a widely accepted term. It is often used to frame the rivalry as an aggressive, containment-focused strategy initiated by the US against China's rise. +
-  * This contrasts with the Western concept of a "silent treatment" or "giving someone the cold shoulder." While the meaning is similar, using **"冷战" (lěngzhàn)** to describe an interpersonal conflict elevates the drama and implies a more serious, prolonged, and stubborn standoff, much like a geopolitical conflict. It's a powerful metaphor rooted in a shared historical understanding. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Geopolitical/Historical Context:** In news, academic discussions, and documentaries, "冷战" is used to refer to the 20th-century US-Soviet conflict. It is also the standard term to discuss the current US-China relationship, often with a negative connotation suggesting an unnecessary and dangerous escalation of tensions. +
-  * **Interpersonal Relationships:** This is an extremely common usage. If a couple has a serious argument and stops talking to each other for days, they are having a "冷战". It implies more than just being angry; it's a deliberate, mutual, and sustained withdrawal of communication. It's used between partners, family members, roommates, and close friends. +
-  * **Connotation:** In geopolitical contexts, the term is decidedly negative. In personal contexts, it can be serious but is also sometimes used in a slightly exasperated or humorous way to describe a stubborn standoff. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 美国和苏联之间的**冷战**持续了四十多年。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měiguó hé Sūlián zhījiān de **lěngzhàn** chíxù le sìshí duō nián. +
-    * English: The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union lasted for more than forty years. +
-    * Analysis: This is the standard, historical use of the term. It's neutral and factual. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我和我女朋友正在**冷战**，我们已经三天没说话了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ hé wǒ nǚpéngyou zhèngzài **lěngzhàn**, wǒmen yǐjīng sān tiān méi shuōhuà le. +
-    * English: My girlfriend and I are in a cold war (giving each other the silent treatment); we haven't spoken in three days. +
-    * Analysis: A perfect example of the common interpersonal usage. The term "冷战" effectively communicates the severity and duration of the silence. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 很多人担心新的**冷战**会对全球经济造成影响。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hěn duō rén dānxīn xīn de **lěngzhàn** huì duì quánqiú jīngjì zàochéng yǐngxiǎng. +
-    * English: Many people worry that a new Cold War will impact the global economy. +
-    * Analysis: Here, "冷战" refers to the modern geopolitical context, specifically the "New Cold War" (新冷战). +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 别跟你的父母**冷战**，快去跟他们道歉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bié gēn nǐ de fùmǔ **lěngzhàn**, kuài qù gēn tāmen dàoqiàn. +
-    * English: Don't have a cold war with your parents, go and apologize to them quickly. +
-    * Analysis: This is used as advice, treating "冷战" as an action or state to be avoided in a family relationship. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * **冷战**时期，太空竞赛是科技竞争的一个重要方面。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Lěngzhàn** shíqī, tàikōng jìngsài shì kējì jìngzhēng de yī ge zhòngyào fāngmiàn. +
-    * English: During the Cold War period, the Space Race was an important aspect of technological competition. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses "冷战" to define a specific historical era, "冷战时期" (lěngzhàn shíqī). +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他们俩为了一件小事就开始**冷战**，真不值得。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tāmen liǎ wèi le yī jiàn xiǎoshì jiù kāishǐ **lěngzhàn**, zhēn bù zhídé. +
-    * English: The two of them started a cold war over a small matter, it's really not worth it. +
-    * Analysis: This example shows judgment on an interpersonal "冷战," implying it's an overreaction to a minor issue. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 这不是**冷战**，这只是贸易战。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè bù shì **lěngzhàn**, zhè zhǐ shì màoyì zhàn. +
-    * English: This isn't a Cold War, it's just a trade war. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence makes a distinction between different types of conflict, highlighting that "冷战" is a broader ideological and political struggle, not just an economic one. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 结束**冷战**需要双方的沟通和妥协。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jiéshù **lěngzhàn** xūyào shuāngfāng de gōutōng hé tuǒxié. +
-    * English: Ending a cold war requires communication and compromise from both sides. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence is ambiguous and can apply equally to a geopolitical conflict or a personal one, showcasing the term's versatility. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 媒体上充斥着关于中美**冷战**的讨论。 +
-    * Pinyin: Méitǐ shàng chōngchì zhe guānyú Zhōng-Měi **lěngzhàn** de tǎolùn. +
-    * English: The media is filled with discussions about a Sino-US Cold War. +
-    * Analysis: A typical sentence you might read in a Chinese news report or commentary about current events. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 我们能不能停止**冷战**，好好谈一谈？ +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen néng bu néng tíngzhǐ **lěngzhàn**, hǎohǎo tán yī tán? +
-    * English: Can we stop this cold war and have a proper talk? +
-    * Analysis: This is a direct plea to end an interpersonal "冷战." It's something one might say to their partner to break the silence. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Not Just History:** The most common pitfall for an English speaker is assuming "冷战" only refers to the historical US-Soviet conflict. Its modern application to US-China relations and interpersonal spats is crucial to understanding its everyday usage. +
-  * **"Cold War" vs. "Silent Treatment":** While "silent treatment" is a good translation for the interpersonal meaning, "冷战" feels more severe. A "silent treatment" might last an evening; a "冷战" implies a more entrenched standoff lasting days or longer. +
-  * **Incorrect Usage:** Don't use "冷战" for a brief, heated argument. It specifically refers to the *absence* of communication. +
-    * Incorrect: 他们昨天大吵了一架，真是一场**冷战**。(They had a huge fight yesterday, it was a real cold war.) +
-    * Why it's wrong: A "大吵" (big argument) is a "hot" conflict. A "冷战" would be what happens *after* the argument, when they stop talking. +
-  * **Distinguishing from other conflicts:** Be careful not to confuse it with related but distinct terms. A [[贸易战]] (màoyì zhàn, trade war) can be a *part* of a "冷战," but isn't the whole thing. A [[热战]] (rèzhàn, hot war) is its direct opposite. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[新冷战]] (xīn lěngzhàn) - The "New Cold War," a term used almost exclusively to describe the current tensions between the United States and China. +
-  * [[热战]] (rèzhàn) - Hot War. The antonym of "冷战," referring to direct military warfare. +
-  * [[贸易战]] (màoyì zhàn) - Trade War. A conflict centered on tariffs and trade barriers, often seen as a key front in a modern "冷战." +
-  * [[闹别扭]] (nào bièniu) - To be difficult/sulk/have a minor falling out. This is a less severe, more colloquial term for a personal disagreement than the dramatic "冷战." +
-  * [[地缘政治]] (dìyuán zhèngzhì) - Geopolitics. The field of study concerning the political and strategic importance of geography; the broader context for any "冷战." +
-  * [[意识形态]] (yìshí xíngtài) - Ideology. A system of ideas and ideals (e.g., Communism vs. Capitalism) that was the core driver of the original Cold War. +
-  * [[代理人战争]] (dàilǐrén zhànzhēng) - Proxy war. A war instigated by a major power that does not itself become involved, a hallmark of the historical Cold War. +
-  * [[分手]] (fēnshǒu) - To break up. An interpersonal "冷战" can sometimes be a precursor to a "分手."+