分子

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分子 [2025/08/12 21:00] – created xiaoer分子 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== fēnzǐ: 分子 - Molecule, Numerator, Element/Member ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** fenzi, 分子, what does fenzi mean, fenzi Chinese, Chinese molecule, Chinese numerator, Chinese for element, Chinese for member, 知识分子, 恐怖分子, criminal element in Chinese +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese word **分子 (fēnzǐ)** is a versatile term with two distinct fields of meaning. In science and math, it refers to a **molecule** or the **numerator** of a fraction. However, its more nuanced social meaning refers to an **"element" or "member"** of a specific group, often used in formal or political contexts to categorize people, such as in **知识分子 (zhīshì fēnzǐ)**, "intellectual," or **恐怖分子 (kǒngbù fēnzǐ)**, "terrorist." Understanding both uses is key to mastering this important HSK 5 word. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** fēnzǐ +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Molecule; numerator; a member or element of a particular group or class. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **分子 (fēnzǐ)** as a "small part of a bigger thing." In science, it's a molecule, the smallest part of a substance. In math, it's the numerator, the top part of a fraction. Socially, it refers to an individual "element" that represents a larger category of people, a label that can be neutral (like "intellectual") or highly negative (like "criminal"). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **分 (fēn):** This character's core idea is "to divide," "to separate," or "a part." Think of dividing a cake (分蛋糕) or the score in a game (得分). +
-  * **子 (zǐ):** Originally meaning "child" or "son," this character is frequently used as a suffix to denote a small thing, a particle, or a person, like in 桌子 (zhuōzi - table) or 孩子 (háizi - child). +
-  * The characters combine to mean "a divided particle" or "a small part of a whole." This logic applies perfectly to all its meanings: a **molecule** is a small part of a chemical compound, a **numerator** is a part of a whole number, and a social **element (分子)** is one individual representing a larger classified group. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The scientific meanings of **分子 (fēnzǐ)** are direct and universal. Its cultural weight comes entirely from its use in describing people. +
-In Chinese social and political language, **分子** is a powerful tool for categorization. It's not just a "member" like the English word; it's a label that defines a person by a single, often immutable, characteristic. It’s similar to how English uses suffixes like "-ist" or "-er" (e.g., extremist, activist), but **分子** often carries a more formal, official, and sometimes politically charged tone. +
-Historically, especially during the 20th century in China, being labeled a certain type of **分子** (e.g., 右派分子 - yòupài fēnzǐ, "rightist element") had severe social and personal consequences. This history imbues the term with a gravity that a simple translation misses. It reflects a collectivist cultural perspective where an individual's identity can be defined by their role or classification within the larger societal group. +
-A key contrast is with the Western emphasis on individualism. While in the West, "I am a member of the creative community" is a form of self-identification, being labeled a **知识分子 (zhīshì fēnzǐ - intellectual)** in China is about being placed into a recognized social stratum with its own history, responsibilities, and expectations, a classification often made by society rather than the individual. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-How you hear **分子** used depends heavily on the context. +
-  * **In Academia and School:** In a science or math class, **分子** is used neutrally and frequently. +
-    *   Chemistry/Physics: It simply means "molecule." +
-    *   Mathematics: It means "numerator." +
-  * **In News, Politics, and Formal Settings:** This is where the social meaning appears. It's used in media reports, legal documents, and official speeches to categorize people, almost always in a formal and serious tone. The connotation here is often negative. +
-    *   **Negative:** 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fēnzǐ - criminal element), 恐怖分子 (kǒngbù fēnzǐ - terrorist), 敌对分子 (díduì fēnzǐ - hostile element). +
-    *   **Neutral/Respected:** The most common positive or neutral usage is **知识分子 (zhīshì fēnzǐ - intellectual)**, which refers to the educated class. +
-You would **never** use **分子** for casual membership. For "member of a gym" or "team member," you must use [[成员]] (chéngyuán). +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** (Meaning: Molecule) +
-    * 水是由氢**分子**和氧**分子**组成的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shuǐ shì yóu qīng **fēnzǐ** hé yǎng **fēnzǐ** zǔchéng de. +
-    * English: Water is composed of hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules. +
-    * Analysis: A standard, neutral scientific statement you would find in a textbook. +
-  * **Example 2:** (Meaning: Molecule) +
-    * 科学家们在显微镜下观察这个新**分子**的结构。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kēxuéjiāmen zài xiǎnwēijìng xià guānchá zhège xīn **fēnzǐ** de jiégòu. +
-    * English: The scientists are observing the structure of this new molecule under the microscope. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **分子** used in the context of scientific research. +
-  * **Example 3:** (Meaning: Numerator) +
-    * 在分数“三分之二”里，二是**分子**，三是分母。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài fēnshù “sān fēn zhī èr” lǐ, èr shì **fēnzǐ**, sān shì fēnmǔ. +
-    * English: In the fraction "two-thirds," two is the numerator, and three is the denominator. +
-    * Analysis: A clear, mathematical definition. Note the structure for reading fractions in Chinese: `分母(denominator) + 分之 + 分子(numerator)`. +
-  * **Example 4:** (Meaning: Numerator) +
-    * 如果**分子**比分母大，这个分数就是假分数。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ **fēnzǐ** bǐ fēnmǔ dà, zhège fēnshù jiùshì jiǎ fēnshù. +
-    * English: If the numerator is larger than the denominator, the fraction is an improper fraction. +
-    * Analysis: Another straightforward mathematical rule. +
-  * **Example 5:** (Meaning: Element/Member - Terrorist) +
-    * 警方成功抓捕了三名恐怖**分子**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jǐngfāng chénggōng zhuābǔle sān míng kǒngbù **fēnzǐ**. +
-    * English: The police successfully arrested three terrorists. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **分子** is part of a compound word. It has a very strong, negative connotation and is used in formal contexts like news reports. +
-  * **Example 6:** (Meaning: Element/Member - Criminal) +
-    * 我们决不能让这些犯罪**分子**逍遥法外。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen jué bùnéng ràng zhèxiē fànzuì **fēnzǐ** xiāoyáo fǎwài. +
-    * English: We absolutely cannot let these criminal elements remain at large. +
-    * Analysis: Similar to the example above, **犯罪分子** is a formal, legalistic term for "criminal." +
-  * **Example 7:** (Meaning: Element/Member - Intellectual) +
-    * 在中国，知识**分子**在社会上扮演着重要的角色。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài Zhōngguó, zhīshì **fēnzǐ** zài shèhuì shàng bànyǎnzhe zhòngyào de juésè. +
-    * English: In China, intellectuals play an important role in society. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most common non-negative social use of **分子**. It refers to a whole social class. +
-  * **Example 8:** (Meaning: Element/Member - Advanced) +
-    * 他被评为公司的先进**分子**，得到了大家的尊重。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bèi píng wèi gōngsī de xiānjìn **fēnzǐ**, dédàole dàjiā de zūnzhòng. +
-    * English: He was named an advanced element/model worker of the company and earned everyone's respect. +
-    * Analysis: **先进分子 (xiānjìn fēnzǐ)** is a term from a slightly more socialist/collective era but still used sometimes to mean "model worker" or "exemplary individual." It's a positive label. +
-  * **Example 9:** (Meaning: Element/Member - Undesirable) +
-    * 学校开除了一些不良**分子**以维持校园秩序。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xuéxiào kāichúle yīxiē bùliáng **fēnzǐ** yǐ wéichí xiàoyuán zhìxù. +
-    * English: The school expelled some undesirable elements to maintain order on campus. +
-    * Analysis: **不良 (bùliáng)** means "bad" or "harmful." **不良分子** is a general term for troublemakers or bad influences. +
-  * **Example 10:** (Meaning: Element/Member - Separatist) +
-    * 新闻报道了关于分裂**分子**活动的消息。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xīnwén bàodàole guānyú fēnliè **fēnzǐ** huódòng de xiāoxī. +
-    * English: The news reported on the activities of separatist elements. +
-    * Analysis: **分裂 (fēnliè)** means "to split" or "to divide." This is another serious, political label with a very negative connotation. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Mistake 1: Using 分子 for casual membership.** +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我是这个读书俱乐部的**分子**。(Wǒ shì zhège dúshū jùlèbù de fēnzǐ.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** **分子** is a formal label for a //type// of person, not just a member of a group. It sounds strange and overly serious, as if you're classifying yourself. +
-    * **Correct:** 我是这个读书俱乐部的**成员**。(Wǒ shì zhège dúshū jùlèbù de **chéngyuán**.) +
-  * **Mistake 2: Not realizing the negative connotation.** +
-    * Using **分子** to describe someone without a specific, established prefix (like 知识, 犯罪, etc.) can sound like you are applying a negative, dehumanizing label. It's not a word to use lightly when referring to people. +
-  * **False Friend vs. "Element":** +
-    * The English word "element" can be a good parallel for the social meaning of **分子**. We say "the criminal element" or "a radical element," which captures the same sense of a person or group defined by a single characteristic within a larger whole. However, **分子** is used more systematically and formally in Chinese. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[成员]] (chéngyuán) - The common, neutral word for a "member" of a team, family, or club. This is the word you usually want for simple membership. +
-  * [[原子]] (yuánzǐ) - Atom. A related scientific term. Molecules are made of atoms. +
-  * [[分母]] (fēnmǔ) - Denominator. The mathematical opposite of **分子**. +
-  * [[知识分子]] (zhīshì fēnzǐ) - Intellectual. The most significant and common compound word using **分子** to describe a social class. +
-  * [[元素]] (yuánsù) - (Chemical) Element. Be careful not to confuse this with the social meaning of **分子**. 元素 refers to elements on the periodic table (e.g., Oxygen, Iron). +
-  * [[部分]] (bùfen) - Part; section. A more general word for a piece of something, without the scientific or social labeling connotations of **分子**. +
-  * [[个体]] (gètǐ) - An individual person or entity. Focuses on singularity, whereas **分子** focuses on being a representative of a category. +
-  * [[家伙]] (jiāhuo) - Guy; fellow. A very informal, colloquial way to refer to a person, sometimes with a slightly negative or dismissive tone (e.g., "that guy"). It's the opposite of the formal nature of **分子**.+