判断

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判断 [2025/08/09 03:04] – created xiaoer判断 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== pànduàn: 判断 - To Judge, Determine; Judgment, Decision ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 判断, panduan, Chinese judge, Chinese determine, make a judgment in Chinese, how to say decision in Chinese, Chinese verb judge, Chinese noun judgment, HSK 4 word, Chinese logic, pàn duàn. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn how to use **判断 (pànduàn)**, a fundamental Chinese word that means **to judge, determine, or decide**. This versatile term is essential for expressing your assessment of a situation, from guessing the weather to making a critical business decision. This guide will break down what **判断** means, how it differs from simply "thinking" or "deciding," and how to use it accurately in everyday conversation. Understanding **pànduàn** is key to sounding more analytical and logical in Mandarin Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** pànduàn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To form an opinion or conclusion about something through assessment; a judgment or determination. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **判断 (pànduàn)** is the mental process of evaluating information to arrive at a conclusion. Think of it as "making a call" or "assessing a situation." It's less about moral judgment ("don't judge me") and more about using logic, evidence, or intuition to figure something out. It can be the action of judging (verb) or the judgment itself (noun). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **判 (pàn):** This character is composed of 半 (bàn), meaning "half," and the knife radical 刂. The original idea is of a knife splitting something in half, which evolved to mean distinguishing between two sides, and thus, to judge or sentence. +
-  * **断 (duàn):** This character shows an axe 斤 (jīn) cutting threads 幺 (yāo). It literally means to cut, to sever, or to break. Metaphorically, it means to make a clean break or a firm, final decision. +
-  * Together, **判断 (pànduàn)** creates a powerful image of "judging and cutting"—that is, analyzing the facts to make a clear, decisive conclusion, cutting away uncertainty. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, the ability to make a good **判断 (pànduàn)** is highly valued and seen as a sign of wisdom, experience, and clear-headedness. It's a cornerstone of strategic thinking, whether in business, politics, or personal life. +
-  * **Comparison with Western Culture:** While "to judge" in English can have a negative, moralistic connotation (e.g., "stop judging my life choices"), **判断 (pànduàn)** is almost always neutral and objective. It's much closer to the English words "to assess," "to evaluate," or "to determine." A person with good **判断** is considered rational and sharp, not preachy or critical. The focus is on the logical process, not on imposing personal values on others. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **判断 (pànduàn)** is an extremely common word used in both formal and informal settings. +
-  * **As a Verb (to judge/determine):** Used when you are assessing a situation based on evidence. +
-    *   //Informal:// "我**判断**今天会下雨。" (I judge it will rain today.) +
-    *   //Formal:// "我们需要**判断**这个项目的可行性。" (We need to determine the feasibility of this project.) +
-  * **As a Noun (a judgment/decision):** Refers to the conclusion you've reached. +
-    *   //Informal:// "你的**判断**很准！" (Your judgment is very accurate!) +
-    *   //Formal:// "我们必须做出一个艰难的**判断**。" (We must make a difficult judgment.) +
-  * **In Business:** Crucial for market analysis, risk assessment, and strategic planning. A manager is expected to have strong **判断力 (pànduànlì)**, or "judgment ability." +
-  * **On Social Media:** Netizens might say "我个人**判断**..." (My personal judgment is...) when giving their take on a news story or event. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 根据这些线索，我**判断**他就是小偷。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gēnjù zhèxiē xiànsuǒ, wǒ **pànduàn** tā jiùshì xiǎotōu. +
-    * English: Based on these clues, I determine that he is the thief. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **判断** is a verb showing a conclusion reached after examining evidence ("clues"). It's a logical deduction. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 你的**判断**是完全正确的，我们应该早点听你的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ de **pànduàn** shì wánquán zhèngquè de, wǒmen yīnggāi zǎodiǎn tīng nǐ de. +
-    * English: Your judgment was completely correct; we should have listened to you earlier. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **判断** is used as a noun, referring to the decision or assessment that was made previously. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 从他的表情**判断**，他似乎不太同意这个计划。 +
-    * Pinyin: Cóng tā de biǎoqíng **pànduàn**, tā sìhū bù tài tóngyì zhège jìhuà. +
-    * English: Judging from his expression, it seems he doesn't quite agree with this plan. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **判断** used for social observation. It's an assessment based on non-verbal cues. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 在这种情况下，我真的很难做出**判断**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng xià, wǒ zhēn de hěn nán zuòchū **pànduàn**. +
-    * English: Under these circumstances, it's really hard for me to make a judgment. +
-    * Analysis: The phrase "做出判断" (zuòchū pànduàn) is a very common collocation meaning "to make a judgment." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 医生需要对病人的情况做出专业的**判断**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng xūyào duì bìngrén de qíngkuàng zuòchū zhuānyè de **pànduàn**. +
-    * English: The doctor needs to make a professional judgment about the patient's condition. +
-    * Analysis: This example highlights the formal and professional use of **判断**. Note that the more specific medical term is [[诊断]] (zhěnduàn). +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他是一个有**判断**力的人，总是能看到问题的关键。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì yīgè yǒu **pànduàn**lì de rén, zǒngshì néng kàn dào wèntí de guānjiàn. +
-    * English: He is a person with good judgment; he can always see the key to the problem. +
-    * Analysis: This introduces the related noun **判断力 (pànduànlì)**, which means "the ability to judge" or "power of judgment." It's a desirable personal trait. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我**判断**这次会议不会超过一个小时。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ **pànduàn** zhè cì huìyì bù huì chāoguò yīgè xiǎoshí. +
-    * English: I reckon this meeting won't last more than an hour. +
-    * Analysis: A simple, everyday use of **判断** as a verb, similar to "I figure" or "I assess." +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 市场**判断**失误导致了公司巨大的损失。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shìchǎng **pànduàn** shīwù dǎozhìle gōngsī jùdà de sǔnshī. +
-    * English: A mistake in market judgment led to the company's huge losses. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **判断** is a noun in a business context. "判断失误" (pànduàn shīwù) means "an error in judgment." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 你不能仅凭外表来**判断**一个人。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bùnéng jǐn píng wàibiǎo lái **pànduàn** yīgè rén. +
-    * English: You can't judge a person based solely on their appearance. +
-    * Analysis: This is one of the few cases where **判断** comes close to the English "judge a person," but the focus remains on assessment rather than moral condemnation. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 我无法**判断**他说的是真是假。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ wúfǎ **pànduàn** tā shuō de shì zhēnshì jiǎ. +
-    * English: I cannot determine whether what he is saying is true or false. +
-    * Analysis: "无法判断" (wúfǎ pànduàn) is a common phrase for "unable to judge" or "can't tell." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **判断 (pànduàn) vs. 决定 (juédìng)**: This is the most critical distinction for learners. +
-    *   **判断 (pànduàn)** is the **assessment** of a situation ("what is"). It's the thinking part. +
-    *   **决定 (juédìng)** is the **choice of action** ("what to do"). It's the action part. +
-    *   //Correct Sequence:// 我**判断**天要下雨了 (I //judge// it's going to rain), 所以我**决定**带雨伞 (so I //decide// to bring an umbrella). +
-    *   //Incorrect:// 我**决定**天要下雨了。 (This is wrong, as you don't "decide" the weather.) +
-  * **Not for Moral Judgment:** Avoid using **判断** to say "Don't judge me!" in a moral sense. It sounds unnatural. For that, a Chinese speaker might say "别对我指指点点" (bié duì wǒ zhǐzhǐdiǎndiǎn - "don't point fingers at me") or "你没有资格批评我" (nǐ méiyǒu zīgé pīpíng wǒ - "you're not qualified to criticize me"). +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * **[[决定]] (juédìng)** - To decide; a decision. The action you take based on your **判断**. +
-  * **[[认为]] (rènwéi)** - To think; to believe. More subjective and opinion-based than the analytical **判断**. +
-  * **[[分析]] (fēnxī)** - To analyze. The process of breaking down information that is often done //before// making a **判断**. +
-  * **[[估计]] (gūjì)** - To estimate; to reckon. A less certain or more approximate form of **判断**, often used with numbers or quantities. +
-  * **[[考虑]] (kǎolǜ)** - To consider; to think over. The process of deliberation before you **判断** or **决定**. +
-  * **[[看法]] (kànfǎ)** - Viewpoint; opinion. A personal view, which is often the *result* of one's **判断**. +
-  * **[[判断力]] (pànduànlì)** - Judgment (as a skill). The inherent ability to make good judgments. +
-  * **[[诊断]] (zhěnduàn)** - To diagnose. The specific term for a medical **判断**. +
-  * **[[结论]] (jiélùn)** - Conclusion. The final result of reasoning or analysis, a synonym for **判断** when used as a noun in formal contexts.+