原告

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原告 [2025/08/10 03:54] – created xiaoer原告 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== yuángào: 原告 - Plaintiff, Accuser ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 原告, yuangao, yuán gào, what is yuangao in Chinese, plaintiff in Chinese, accuser in Chinese, Chinese legal terms, Chinese law vocabulary, sue in Chinese, lawsuit Chinese, 原告 vs 被告, yuangao vs beigao. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning of **原告 (yuángào)**, the essential Chinese word for **plaintiff** or **accuser** in a legal case. This guide breaks down the characters, provides cultural context on the Chinese legal system, and shows you how to use **yuángào** in practical sentences. Understand its role in a lawsuit and how it differs from its counterpart, the defendant, **被告 (bèigào)**. This page is perfect for students of Chinese law or anyone interested in modern, formal Chinese vocabulary. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** yuán gào +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** The person, group, or entity who initiates a lawsuit against another party in a court of law. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **原告 (yuángào)** is a formal, legal term. Think of any courtroom drama: the person who feels wronged and decides to take the other person to court is the **原告 (yuángào)**. They are the "starter" of the legal fight, the one bringing the complaint before a judge. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **原 (yuán):** This character's core meaning is "original," "primary," or "source." It points to the origin of something. +
-  * **告 (gào):** This character means "to tell," "to inform," "to report," or, in a legal context, "to accuse" or "to sue." +
-  * When combined, **原告 (yuángào)** literally translates to the "original accuser" or the "source of the complaint." This paints a clear picture of their role as the initiator of the legal proceedings. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **原告 (yuángào)** is a key term in China's modern civil law system, which has been heavily developed over the past few decades. The role of a plaintiff is functionally very similar to its role in Western legal systems. +
-  * However, the cultural attitude towards becoming a **原告 (yuángào)** can differ. Traditionally, Chinese culture places a high value on social harmony ([[和谐]], héxié) and avoiding direct confrontation. Filing a lawsuit was often seen as a last resort and could lead to a loss of "face" ([[面子]], miànzi) for all parties involved, as it signified a complete breakdown of a relationship. +
-  * In contrast to the more litigious nature of some Western societies like the United States, where suing can be a more common recourse, Chinese culture historically preferred mediation and negotiation. While this is changing rapidly with China's economic development and strengthening legal framework, the cultural undertone of litigation as a serious, harmony-disrupting event still lingers, especially among older generations or in rural areas. Today, being a **原告 (yuángào)** is a normal part of civil society, but the decision to become one is often weighed more heavily than in the West. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Formality:** This is a highly formal term used almost exclusively in legal contexts. +
-  * **Where you'll see it:** You will encounter **原告 (yuángào)** in news reports about court cases, in legal dramas on TV, on official court documents, and in discussions with lawyers or law students. +
-  * **Connotation:** The word itself is neutral. It simply describes a legal role. The person's specific situation determines whether they are viewed sympathetically or not. It is never used in casual conversation to mean a simple "complainer." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * **原告**向法庭提交了新的证据。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Yuángào** xiàng fǎtíng tíjiāo le xīn de zhèngjù. +
-    * English: The plaintiff submitted new evidence to the court. +
-    * Analysis: A standard, formal sentence you might read in a news article about a trial. It shows the active role of the plaintiff in the legal process. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 在这起离婚案中，女方是**原告**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài zhè qǐ líhūn àn zhōng, nǚfāng shì **yuángào**. +
-    * English: In this divorce case, the wife is the plaintiff. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates how **原告** is used to identify the initiating party in a specific type of civil case. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 法院最终判决**原告**胜诉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Fǎyuàn zuìzhōng pànjué **yuángào** shèngsù. +
-    * English: The court finally ruled in favor of the plaintiff. +
-    * Analysis: `胜诉 (shèngsù)` means "to win a lawsuit." This is a common phrase used to describe the outcome of a case. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * **原告**要求被告赔偿经济损失。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Yuángào** yāoqiú bèigào péicháng jīngjì sǔnshī. +
-    * English: The plaintiff demands that the defendant compensate for economic losses. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence clearly shows the classic plaintiff-defendant relationship. Note the use of the antonym [[被告]] (bèigào) - defendant. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 他的律师正在代表**原告**出庭。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de lǜshī zhèngzài dàibiǎo **yuángào** chūtíng. +
-    * English: His lawyer is currently in court representing the plaintiff. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how the plaintiff is represented by a [[律师]] (lǜshī), or lawyer. +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 如果没有足够的证据，**原告**可能会败诉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ méiyǒu zúgòu de zhèngjù, **yuángào** kěnéng huì bàisù. +
-    * English: If there isn't enough evidence, the plaintiff might lose the case. +
-    * Analysis: `败诉 (bàisù)` is the opposite of `胜诉 (shèngsù)` and means "to lose a lawsuit." +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * **原告**和被告在庭外达成了和解。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Yuángào** hé bèigào zài tíngwài dáchéng le héjiě. +
-    * English: The plaintiff and the defendant reached a settlement out of court. +
-    * Analysis: `和解 (héjiě)` means "to settle" or "reconcile." This is a common outcome in civil lawsuits. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 作为**原告**，他必须承担举证责任。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuòwéi **yuángào**, tā bìxū chéngdān jǔzhèng zérèn. +
-    * English: As the plaintiff, he must bear the burden of proof. +
-    * Analysis: `举证责任 (jǔzhèng zérèn)` is the legal term for "burden of proof," a key concept in law. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 该公司被多名**原告**联合起诉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gāi gōngsī bèi duō míng **yuángào** liánhé qǐsù. +
-    * English: The company was jointly sued by multiple plaintiffs. +
-    * Analysis: This shows that there can be more than one plaintiff in a case, for example, in a class-action lawsuit. `联合起诉 (liánhé qǐsù)` means to sue jointly. +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * **原告**指控该公司侵犯其专利权。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Yuángào** zhǐkòng gāi gōngsī qīnfàn qí zhuānlìquán. +
-    * English: The plaintiff accused the company of infringing on their patent rights. +
-    * Analysis: This example is specific to a commercial dispute involving `专利权 (zhuānlìquán)`, patent rights. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Strictly Legal Context:** The most common mistake for learners is to use **原告 (yuángào)** in a non-legal context. If your friend complains to a manager about bad service, they are a "complainer," not a **原告 (yuángào)**. You would only call them a **原告 (yuángào)** if they formally filed a lawsuit against the restaurant. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我朋友是**原告**，因为他的咖啡是凉的。(Wǒ péngyou shì **yuángào**, yīnwèi tā de kāfēi shì liáng de.) - My friend is the plaintiff because his coffee was cold. +
-    * **Correct (Informal):** 我朋友抱怨说他的咖啡是凉的。(Wǒ péngyou bàoyuàn shuō tā de kāfēi shì liáng de.) - My friend complained that his coffee was cold. +
-  * **Plaintiff (Civil) vs. Prosecution (Criminal):** In English, we might broadly call the state the "accuser" in a criminal trial. In Chinese, the distinction is very clear. **原告 (yuángào)** is used for the plaintiff in a civil lawsuit ([[民事诉讼]], mínshì sùsòng). In a criminal case, the role of "accuser" is filled by the state, represented by the prosecutor, which is called the **[[控方]] (kòngfāng)**. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[被告]] (bèigào) - The direct antonym: defendant; the party being sued. +
-  * [[起诉]] (qǐsù) - The verb: to sue, to file a lawsuit. This is the action a **原告** takes. +
-  * [[诉讼]] (sùsòng) - The noun for the entire process: a lawsuit or litigation. +
-  * [[法官]] (fǎguān) - The judge who presides over the case between the **原告** and the [[被告]]. +
-  * [[法院]] (fǎyuàn) - The court; the physical place and institution where the lawsuit happens. +
-  * [[律师]] (lǜshī) - The lawyer; a professional who can represent the **原告**. +
-  * [[证据]] (zhèngjù) - Evidence; what the **原告** must present to support their case. +
-  * [[控方]] (kòngfāng) - The prosecution in a criminal case. It is crucial not to confuse this with **原告**. +
-  * [[民事诉讼]] (mínshì sùsòng) - Civil lawsuit; the primary context in which the term **原告** is used. +
-  * [[赔偿]] (péicháng) - Compensation or damages; often what the **原告** is seeking from the defendant.+