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叫 [2025/08/11 10:23] – created xiaoer叫 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jiào: 叫 - To Call, To Shout, To Be Called ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 叫, jiào, how to say "my name is" in Chinese, what does jiao mean, Chinese verb "to call", call out in Chinese, shout in Chinese, Chinese grammar jiao, difference between 叫 and 是, causative verb Chinese. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese verb **叫 (jiào)**, a fundamental HSK 1 word with surprisingly diverse meanings. This guide breaks down how to use **叫** for introductions ("My name is..."), to call for someone's attention, to shout, to order a taxi or takeout, and even as a causative verb to "make" or "ask" someone to do something. Master **叫 (jiào)** to unlock a huge range of daily conversations in Mandarin Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jiào +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 1 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To call, to be called, to shout, or to ask (someone to do something). +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **叫 (jiào)** is one of the very first and most versatile verbs you'll learn in Chinese. Its core idea revolves around using your voice to produce a result. This can be as simple as stating your name (e.g., "I am called..."), getting a friend's attention from across the street ("Hey!"), making an animal sound, or even telling someone to do an action ("He told me to come here"). Understanding its different functions is a key step to sounding natural in Chinese. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **叫 (jiào):** This is a phono-semantic compound character, which means it has a part for meaning and a part for sound. +
-  * The left radical, **口 (kǒu)**, means "mouth." This clearly indicates that the character's meaning is related to an action performed with the mouth, like speaking, calling, or shouting. +
-  * The right part, **丩 (jiū)**, provides the phonetic sound. While not a perfect match today, it guides the pronunciation. +
-  * Together, **口** (mouth) + **丩** (sound) create **叫**, an action of the mouth that makes a sound—to call. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-While **叫** is a simple verb, its usage touches on important Chinese social norms, especially regarding names and politeness. +
-  * **Introductions:** Using "我**叫** [Name]" (Wǒ **jiào** [Name]) is the standard, friendly, and all-purpose way to introduce yourself. It's equivalent to "My name is..." or "I'm called..." in English. +
-  * **Getting Attention:** How you "call" someone matters. Shouting a person's name using **叫** can be perfectly normal between friends, but it's often considered impolite with strangers or elders. It can sound like a blunt "Hey you!". In these situations, it's culturally more appropriate to use a polite phrase like `你好 (nǐ hǎo)` or `请问 (qǐngwèn)` to get someone's attention first. +
-  * **Contrast with Western Norms:** In many Western cultures, calling out a person's first name to get their attention is very common, even with acquaintances. In China, especially in more formal or professional settings, it's much more common to address people by their family name plus a title (e.g., 王经理 Wáng Jīnglǐ - Manager Wang; 李老师 Lǐ Lǎoshī - Teacher Li). Simply **叫**-ing their full name might be seen as overly direct or lacking in proper respect. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**叫** is a grammatical powerhouse. Here are its main uses, from simplest to most complex. +
-=== 1. Introducing a Name (Subject + 叫 + Name) === +
-This is the most common HSK 1 usage, meaning "to be called" or "my name is". +
-  *   我**叫**玛丽。(Wǒ **jiào** Mǎlì.) - My name is Mary. +
-  *   他**叫**什么名字？(Tā **jiào** shénme míngzi?) - What is his name? +
-=== 2. To Call Someone or Get Attention === +
-This is the literal act of calling out to a person. +
-  *   妈妈在楼下**叫**你吃饭。(Māma zài lóuxià **jiào** nǐ chīfàn.) - Mom is downstairs calling you to eat. +
-  *   你**叫**我吗？(Nǐ **jiào** wǒ ma?) - Are you calling me? +
-=== 3. To Shout, Cry Out, or Make a Sound (Animals) === +
-Here, **叫** describes a sound being made, often loudly. +
-  *   别在图书馆里大**叫**！(Bié zài túshūguǎn lǐ dà **jiào**!) - Don't shout in the library! +
-  *   那只猫一直在**叫**。(Nà zhī māo yìzhí zài **jiào**.) - That cat keeps meowing. +
-=== 4. To Ask/Make/Order Someone to Do Something (Causative Verb) === +
-This is a crucial grammar point. **叫** acts like "to ask" or "to tell" someone to perform an action. The structure is: **Subject + 叫 + Person + Verb Phrase**. +
-  *   老板**叫**我今天加班。(Lǎobǎn **jiào** wǒ jīntiān jiābān.) - The boss told me to work overtime today. +
-  *   他**叫**你给他回个电话。(Tā **jiào** nǐ gěi tā huí ge diànhuà.) - He asked you to call him back. +
-=== 5. To Hire or Order a Service === +
-This usage is extremely common in daily life for ordering services. +
-  *   我们**叫**一辆车去机场吧。(Wǒmen **jiào** yí liàng chē qù jīchǎng ba.) - Let's call a car to go to the airport. +
-  *   太累了，我们**叫**外卖吧。(Tài lèi le, wǒmen **jiào** wàimài ba.) - I'm too tired, let's order takeout. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-  * 你好，我**叫**大卫。 +
-  * Pinyin: Nǐ hǎo, wǒ **jiào** Dàwèi. +
-  * English: Hello, my name is David. +
-  * Analysis: The most basic and essential use of **叫** for self-introduction. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-  * 老师**叫**我们多练习写汉字。 +
-  * Pinyin: Lǎoshī **jiào** wǒmen duō liànxí xiě Hànzì. +
-  * English: The teacher told us to practice writing Chinese characters more. +
-  * Analysis: A perfect example of the causative usage. The teacher (**Subject**) tells us (**Person**) to practice (**Verb Phrase**). +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-  * 你听，外面有只狗在**叫**。 +
-  * Pinyin: Nǐ tīng, wàimiàn yǒu zhī gǒu zài **jiào**. +
-  * English: Listen, there's a dog barking outside. +
-  * Analysis: Here, **叫** is used for an animal's cry. It's a general term; it can mean bark, meow, chirp, etc., depending on the animal. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-  * 这个东西中文**叫**什么？ +
-  * Pinyin: Zhège dōngxi Zhōngwén **jiào** shénme? +
-  * English: What is this thing called in Chinese? +
-  * Analysis: A very useful phrase for learners. It shows how **叫** is used to ask for the name of an object, not just a person. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-  * 你能帮我**叫**一辆出租车吗？ +
-  * Pinyin: Nǐ néng bāng wǒ **jiào** yí liàng chūzūchē ma? +
-  * English: Can you help me call a taxi? +
-  * Analysis: Demonstrates the practical use of **叫** for ordering a service. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-  * 他疼得**叫**了起来。 +
-  * Pinyin: Tā téng de **jiào** le qǐlái. +
-  * English: He cried out in pain. +
-  * Analysis: Shows **叫** used for a human cry or shout caused by a strong emotion or physical sensation. The `起来 (qǐlái)` indicates the beginning of the action. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-  * 别**叫**我的全名，叫我安娜就行。 +
-  * Pinyin: Bié **jiào** wǒ de quánmíng, **jiào** wǒ Ānnà jiù xíng. +
-  * English: Don't call me by my full name, just calling me Anna is fine. +
-  * Analysis: This example contrasts calling someone by a full name versus a given name, highlighting its use in social preferences. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-  * 经理**叫**他去办公室一趟。 +
-  * Pinyin: Jīnglǐ **jiào** tā qù bàngōngshì yí tàng. +
-  * English: The manager asked him to go to the office. +
-  * Analysis: Another clear example of the causative structure, common in workplace contexts. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-  * 我不**叫**李雷，你认错人了。 +
-  * Pinyin: Wǒ bú **jiào** Lǐ Léi, nǐ rèn cuò rén le. +
-  * English: My name isn't Li Lei, you've got the wrong person. +
-  * Analysis: Demonstrates the negative form, `不叫 (bú jiào)`. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-  * 快迟到了，我们**叫**个外卖在公司吃吧。 +
-  * Pinyin: Kuài chídào le, wǒmen **jiào** ge wàimài zài gōngsī chī ba. +
-  * English: We're almost late, let's order takeout and eat at the office. +
-  * Analysis: A highly authentic sentence you'd hear in modern urban China, combining the sense of urgency with the convenience of ordering food via **叫**. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`叫 (jiào)` vs. `是 (shì)`:** This is a classic beginner mistake. +
-  * Use **叫 (jiào)** to state a name: 我**叫**汤姆。(Wǒ **jiào** Tāngmǔ.) - //I am called Tom.// +
-  * Use **是 (shì)** to state an identity or profession: 我**是**学生。(Wǒ **shì** xuéshēng.) - //I am a student.// +
-  * **Incorrect:** `我是汤姆 (Wǒ shì Tāngmǔ)` is grammatically okay but less common for a first introduction than `我叫汤姆`. **Incorrect:** `我叫学生 (Wǒ jiào xuéshēng)` is completely wrong. You are //called// a name, you //are// an identity. +
-  * **`叫 (jiào)` vs. `喊 (hǎn)`:** Both can mean "to call out," but they have different intensities. +
-  * **叫 (jiào)** is a general term for calling. It can be soft or loud. +
-  * **喊 (hǎn)** specifically means to shout, yell, or holler. It implies high volume. You can `叫` someone from across a quiet room, but you would `喊` someone from across a noisy street. +
-  * **`叫 (jiào)` vs. `称呼 (chēnghu)`:** **称呼 (chēnghu)** is a more formal and polite word for "to address someone." +
-  * You use **叫** in everyday speech: 你**叫**他什么？ (Nǐ **jiào** tā shénme?) - What do you call him? +
-  * You use **称呼** in formal or respectful situations: 在中国，我们应该怎么**称呼**您？(Zài Zhōngguó, wǒmen yīnggāi zěnme **chēnghu** nín?) - In China, how should we address you? +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[喊]] (hǎn) - To shout or yell. It's a louder, more intense version of **叫**. +
-  * [[称呼]] (chēnghu) - To address (formally). Used when asking how to politely refer to someone. +
-  * [[名字]] (míngzi) - Name. The noun that is often introduced by the verb **叫**. +
-  * [[让]] (ràng) - To let, allow, make. A causative verb that can sometimes be used interchangeably with **叫**'s causative function, though `让` can imply permission or yielding. +
-  * [[请]] (qǐng) - To ask, to invite, please. A more polite way to ask someone to do something than the causative **叫**. Compare: `请他进来 (qǐng tā jìnlái)` (Please ask him in) vs. `叫他进来 (jiào tā jìnlái)` (Tell him to come in). +
-  * [[告诉]] (gàosu) - To tell. Used for relaying information, whereas causative **叫** is for giving a command or request. +
-  * [[外卖]] (wàimài) - Takeout food. A noun frequently used with the verb **叫**, as in `叫外卖`. +
-  * [[出租车]] (chūzūchē) - Taxi. Another noun frequently paired with **叫**, as in `叫出租车`.+