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- | ====== shāngrén: 商人 - Businessman, | + | |
- | ===== Quick Summary ===== | + | |
- | * **Keywords: | + | |
- | * **Summary: | + | |
- | ===== Core Meaning ===== | + | |
- | * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** shāngrén | + | |
- | * **Part of Speech:** Noun | + | |
- | * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 | + | |
- | * **Concise Definition: | + | |
- | * **In a Nutshell:** At its heart, **商人 (shāngrén)** is the standard, neutral term for anyone involved in business. It's the direct equivalent of " | + | |
- | ===== Character Breakdown ===== | + | |
- | * **商 (shāng):** This character is deeply connected to Chinese history. It originally referred to the Shang Dynasty (商朝, c. 1600-1046 BC). After the dynasty was overthrown, its people were said to have dispersed and become skilled traders to survive. Consequently, | + | |
- | * **人 (rén):** This is a simple pictograph of a person walking. It is one of the most fundamental characters in Chinese and simply means " | + | |
- | When combined, **商人 (shāngrén)** literally means a " | + | |
- | ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | + | |
- | Historically, | + | |
- | 1. **士 (shì):** Scholars, officials | + | |
- | 2. **农 (nóng):** Farmers | + | |
- | 3. **工 (gōng):** Artisans, craftsmen | + | |
- | 4. **商 (shāng):** Merchants, traders | + | |
- | Merchants were placed at the bottom because they were seen as non-productive members of society who simply moved goods around for profit, rather than creating anything tangible like farmers or artisans. | + | |
- | This historical view stands in stark contrast to modern China, where economic development is a top national priority. Today, successful **商人** are often highly respected and celebrated as drivers of innovation and prosperity. Figures like Jack Ma (马云 Mǎ Yún) are national icons. | + | |
- | Compared to the Western concept of an " | + | |
- | ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | + | |
- | **商人 (shāngrén)** is a very common and practical word. | + | |
- | * **Describing a Profession: | + | |
- | * **Connotation: | + | |
- | * **Formality: | + | |
- | * **Gender Neutrality: | + | |
- | ===== Example Sentences ===== | + | |
- | * **Example 1:** | + | |
- | * 我爸爸是个**商人**,他自己开了一家公司。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Wǒ bàba shì ge **shāngrén**, | + | |
- | * English: My dad is a businessman; | + | |
- | * Analysis: A very common and straightforward way to describe a family member' | + | |
- | * **Example 2:** | + | |
- | * 他是一位非常成功的**商人**,在国内外都很有名。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Tā shì yí wèi fēicháng chénggōng de **shāngrén**, | + | |
- | * English: He is a very successful businessman, | + | |
- | * Analysis: Note the use of the formal measure word `位 (wèi)` to show respect for the successful **商人**. | + | |
- | * **Example 3:** | + | |
- | * 作为一个**商人**,诚信是最重要的品质。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Zuòwéi yí ge **shāngrén**, | + | |
- | * English: As a businessperson, | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence uses **商人** to talk about the general role and the values associated with it. | + | |
- | * **Example 4:** | + | |
- | * 在古代中国,**商人**的社会地位并不高。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Zài gǔdài Zhōngguó, **shāngrén** de shèhuì dìwèi bìng bù gāo. | + | |
- | * English: In ancient China, the social status of merchants was not high. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This example demonstrates the use of **商人** in a historical context. | + | |
- | * **Example 5:** | + | |
- | * 很多外国**商人**都来参加这次广交会。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Hěn duō wàiguó **shāngrén** dōu lái cānjiā zhè cì Guǎngjiāohuì. | + | |
- | * English: Many foreign businesspeople came to attend this Canton Fair. | + | |
- | * Analysis: Shows how the term is applied to people of any nationality. | + | |
- | * **Example 6:** | + | |
- | * 他有**商人**的头脑,总能发现别人看不到的机会。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Tā yǒu **shāngrén** de tónǎo, zǒng néng fāxiàn biérén kàn bu dào de jīhuì. | + | |
- | * English: He has the mind of a businessman, | + | |
- | * Analysis: Here, **商人** is used metaphorically to describe a type of mindset—strategic, | + | |
- | * **Example 7:** | + | |
- | * 那个**商人**为了赚钱,什么都愿意做。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Nàge **shāngrén** wèile zhuànqián, | + | |
- | * English: That merchant is willing to do anything to make money. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This is an example of the slightly negative connotation, | + | |
- | * **Example 8:** | + | |
- | * 犹太人以善于经商而闻名,是天生的**商人**。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Yóutàirén yǐ shànyú jīngshāng ér wénmíng, shì tiānshēng de **shāngrén**. | + | |
- | * English: Jewish people are famous for being good at commerce; they are natural-born merchants. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence uses **商人** to describe a characteristic stereotypically associated with a group of people. | + | |
- | * **Example 9:** | + | |
- | * 政府出台了新政策来支持小微企业**商人**。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn zhèngcè lái zhīchí xiǎo wēi qǐyè **shāngrén**. | + | |
- | * English: The government introduced new policies to support businesspeople from small and micro-enterprises. | + | |
- | * Analysis: A more formal, news-style usage of the word. | + | |
- | * **Example 10:** | + | |
- | * 虽然他是个**商人**,但他对艺术也很有研究。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Suīrán tā shì ge **shāngrén**, | + | |
- | * English: Although he is a businessman, | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence creates a contrast, playing against the stereotype that a **商人** is only interested in money. | + | |
- | ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | + | |
- | * **Mistake 1: Using **商人** for any office worker.** | + | |
- | * A common mistake for learners is to call anyone in a suit a **商人**. A **商人** owns a business or is directly involved in trade/ | + | |
- | * **Incorrect: | + | |
- | * **Correct: | + | |
- | * **Nuance 1: **商人 (shāngrén)** vs. **生意人 (shēngyìrén)** | + | |
- | * [[生意人]] (shēngyìrén) is more colloquial and often refers to smaller-scale business owners or people who "do business" | + | |
- | * **Nuance 2: **商人 (shāngrén)** vs. **企业家 (qǐyèjiā)** | + | |
- | * [[企业家]] (qǐyèjiā) means " | + | |
- | ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | + | |
- | * [[生意]] (shēngyi) - Business, trade. The core activity that a **商人** does. | + | |
- | * [[企业家]] (qǐyèjiā) - Entrepreneur, | + | |
- | * [[老板]] (lǎobǎn) - Boss, owner. A very common and colloquial term for the person in charge, who is often a **商人**. | + | |
- | * [[商业]] (shāngyè) - Commerce, business, trade (as an academic field or abstract concept). | + | |
- | * [[贸易]] (màoyì) - Trade, especially between larger entities or countries. | + | |
- | * [[客户]] (kèhù) - Client, customer. The people a **商人** serves. | + | |
- | * [[赚钱]] (zhuànqián) - To make money. A primary goal of a **商人**. | + | |
- | * [[生意人]] (shēngyìrén) - A more colloquial term for a businessperson, | + | |
- | * [[公司]] (gōngsī) - Company, corporation. The organization a **商人** might own or manage. | + | |
- | * [[士农工商]] (shì nóng gōng shāng) - The four traditional occupations (scholar, farmer, artisan, merchant), which provides crucial historical context for the status of a **商人**. | + |