固执

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固执 [2025/08/09 02:49] – created xiaoer固执 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== gùzhí: 固执 - Stubborn, Obstinate ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** guzhi, gùzhí, 固执, stubborn in Chinese, obstinate in Chinese, Chinese word for stubborn, how to use guzhi, guzhi vs jianchi, Chinese culture, inflexible, pigheaded +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning and cultural significance of the Chinese word **固执 (gùzhí)**, meaning "stubborn" or "obstinate." This guide explores its strong negative connotation in Chinese culture, which values harmony and flexibility, and contrasts it with the more neutral English concept of being "determined." Master its usage with 10 practical example sentences, understand key nuances to avoid common mistakes, and discover related terms. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** gùzhí +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To be stubborn, obstinate, or unreasonably and inflexibly attached to one's own opinion. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **固执 (gùzhí)** describes a person who refuses to change their mind, listen to advice, or consider other perspectives, even when faced with logic or reason. It carries a distinctly negative feeling, implying a closed-mindedness that can be frustrating for others. Think of it less as "strong-willed" and more as "pigheaded" or "unreasonably resistant to change." +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **固 (gù):** This character means "solid," "firm," or "fixed." The outer radical 囗 (wéi) represents an enclosure, suggesting something being held firmly in place. +
-  * **执 (zhí):** This character means "to hold," "to grasp," or "to persist in." It depicts the act of firmly taking hold of something. +
-  * Together, **固执 (gùzhí)** literally means "to firmly hold" or "to solidly grasp." This paints a vivid picture of someone clinging tightly to their own ideas, refusing to let go, which perfectly captures the essence of being stubborn. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, which often prioritizes group harmony (和 - hé), flexibility, and showing respect for others' opinions (especially elders or superiors), being **固执 (gùzhí)** is seen as a significant social flaw. It implies that an individual is placing their own ego and opinions above the well-being and cohesion of the group. A **固执 (gùzhí)** person is difficult to work with, hard to persuade, and can be seen as a disruptive force. +
-  * **Contrast with Western Culture:** In many Western contexts, "stubbornness" can sometimes be reframed positively as "determination," "tenacity," or "sticking to your guns." While China has positive words for perseverance (like `[[坚持]] (jiānchí)`), **固执 (gùzhí)** almost never carries this positive spin. It specifically refers to the negative side of this trait—the refusal to listen to reason. A Western boss might admire an employee who is "stubborn" in pursuing a goal; a Chinese boss is more likely to be frustrated by an employee who is **固执 (gùzhí)** and won't adapt to new instructions or feedback. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Overwhelmingly Negative:** **固执 (gùzhí)** is almost always a criticism. Calling someone **固执** is a direct comment on their negative character trait. +
-  * **Common Scenarios:** +
-    * Describing an elderly person who is set in their ways and refuses to try new things ("My grandpa is very stubborn"). +
-    * Complaining about a colleague who won't accept feedback or collaborate ("He's too stubborn to work with"). +
-    * In an argument, when one person refuses to see the other's point of view ("Why are you being so stubborn?"). +
-  * **Common Collocation:** It is frequently paired with **不听劝 (bù tīng quàn)**, which means "doesn't listen to advice." For example, "他太固执了，根本不听劝。" (Tā tài gùzhí le, gēnběn bù tīng quàn.) - "He's too stubborn, he won't listen to advice at all." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他这个人很**固执**，认定的事情十头牛都拉不回来。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā zhège rén hěn **gùzhí**, rèndìng de shìqing shí tóu niú dōu lā bù huílái. +
-    * English: This person is very stubborn; once he's made up his mind, ten bulls can't pull him back. +
-    * Analysis: This example uses a common chengyu (idiom) to exaggerate the strength of someone's stubbornness. It strongly emphasizes the negative, unchangeable nature of the person. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 你为什么这么**固执**？就不能听听别人的建议吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ wèishéme zhème **gùzhí**? Jiù bùnéng tīngting biérén de jiànyì ma? +
-    * English: Why are you so stubborn? Can't you just listen to others' suggestions? +
-    * Analysis: This is a typical question used in a moment of frustration or argument. It's a direct confrontation of the person's behavior. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 我爷爷很**固执**，他从来不用智能手机。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ yéye hěn **gùzhí**, tā cónglái bùyòng zhìnéng shǒujī. +
-    * English: My grandpa is very stubborn, he never uses a smartphone. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **固执 (gùzhí)** is used to describe someone being old-fashioned and resistant to new technology. The connotation is still negative, but perhaps with a hint of affection or resignation. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 在这个问题上，我们不应该**固执**己见，而应该多方听取意见。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài zhège wèntí shàng, wǒmen bù yīnggāi **gùzhí** jǐjiàn, ér yīnggāi duōfāng tīngqǔ yìjiàn. +
-    * English: On this issue, we shouldn't stubbornly cling to our own views, but rather listen to opinions from all sides. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence is more formal, suitable for a business or academic context. **固执己见 (gùzhí jǐjiàn)** is a set phrase meaning "to stubbornly cling to one's own opinion." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他的**固执**最终导致了项目的失败。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de **gùzhí** zuìzhōng dǎozhìle xiàngmù de shībài. +
-    * English: His stubbornness ultimately led to the project's failure. +
-    * Analysis: This example shows **固执 (gùzhí)** used as a noun ("stubbornness"). It directly links the negative trait to a bad outcome. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 别那么**固执**了，有时候改变一下想法也不是坏事。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bié nàme **gùzhí** le, yǒushíhou gǎibiàn yīxià xiǎngfǎ yě bùshì huàishì. +
-    * English: Don't be so stubborn. Sometimes, changing your mind isn't a bad thing. +
-    * Analysis: This is a piece of friendly advice, gently trying to persuade someone to be more flexible. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 大家都反对他的计划，但他**固执**地认为自己是对的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Dàjiā dōu fǎnduì tā de jìhuà, dàn tā **gùzhí** de rènwéi zìjǐ shì duì de. +
-    * English: Everyone opposed his plan, but he stubbornly believed he was right. +
-    * Analysis: The adverbial form **固执地 (gùzhí de)** is used here to describe the manner in which he holds his belief—stubbornly. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 作为一个领导，最忌讳的就是**固执**和自大。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuòwéi yīgè lǐngdǎo, zuì jìhuì de jiùshì **gùzhí** hé zìdà. +
-    * English: As a leader, the biggest taboos are being stubborn and arrogant. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the cultural view that stubbornness is an extremely undesirable trait for someone in a position of power. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 她在感情问题上很**固执**，一旦爱上一个人就很难放手。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā zài gǎnqíng wèntí shàng hěn **gùzhí**, yīdàn ài shàng yīgè rén jiù hěn nán fàngshǒu. +
-    * English: She is very stubborn when it comes to matters of the heart; once she falls in love with someone, it's hard for her to let go. +
-    * Analysis: While still describing a difficult trait, the context of love and relationships makes the connotation slightly more complex—it could be seen as both a flaw and a sign of deep loyalty. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 孩子有时候会很**固执**，父母需要耐心引导。 +
-    * Pinyin: Háizi yǒushíhou huì hěn **gùzhí**, fùmǔ xūyào nàixīn yǐndǎo. +
-    * English: Children can sometimes be very stubborn; parents need to guide them with patience. +
-    * Analysis: When applied to children, **固执 (gùzhí)** is understood as a developmental phase rather than a permanent character flaw, requiring patience rather than condemnation. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **固执 (gùzhí) vs. 坚持 (jiānchí):** This is the most critical distinction for learners. +
-    * **固执 (gùzhí)** is negative. It means sticking to your opinion //against reason, advice, or evidence//. It implies being irrational. +
-    * **坚持 (jiānchí)** is neutral or positive. It means "to persist" or "to insist on" in a determined way, often in the face of difficulty. You **坚持 (jiānchí)** your dreams, your principles, or your exercise routine. +
-  * **Incorrect Usage Example:** +
-    * **Wrong:** 他很**固执**地每天学习中文。(Tā hěn **gùzhí** de měitiān xuéxí Zhōngwén.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** This sentence implies he foolishly studies Chinese every day despite advice not to. It sounds very strange. +
-    * **Correct:** 他**坚持**每天学习中文。(Tā **jiānchí** měitiān xuéxí Zhōngwén.) - "He persists in studying Chinese every day." This is a compliment to his dedication. +
-  * **False Friend:** Don't automatically translate the English word "determined" to **固执 (gùzhí)**. More often than not, the better translation for positive determination is **坚持 (jiānchí)** or **有决心 (yǒu juéxīn)**. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[坚持]] (jiānchí) - To persist, to insist on. The neutral/positive counterpart to 固执, focusing on perseverance rather than irrationality. +
-  * [[倔强]] (juéjiàng) - Stubborn, unbending. Similar to 固执 but can sometimes carry a slight nuance of defiant strength, especially when describing a child or a person with strong (but not necessarily irrational) principles. +
-  * [[顽固]] (wángù) - Obstinate, die-hard. Even stronger and more negative than 固执. It often describes someone with deep-seated, reactionary, and unchangeable views (e.g., a "die-hard conservative" - 保守顽固). +
-  * [[一意孤行]] (yī yì gū xíng) - A common idiom meaning to stubbornly go one's own way, completely ignoring advice or consequences. It's a very strong criticism. +
-  * [[牛脾气]] (niú píqi) - Lit. "ox temper." A colloquial and vivid term for a stubborn person or their stubborn nature. +
-  * [[死心眼儿]] (sǐxīnyǎnr) - A colloquial term for being one-track-minded or inflexibly stubborn. Lit. "dead heart eye." +
-  * [[听劝]] (tīng quàn) - The ability to listen to advice. The opposite of being 固执. You often hear "他这个人不听劝" (Tā zhège rén bù tīng quàn - This person doesn't listen to advice).+