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- | ====== zuò: 坐 - Sit, Travel by, Be seated ====== | + | |
- | ===== Quick Summary ===== | + | |
- | * **Keywords: | + | |
- | * **Summary: | + | |
- | ===== Core Meaning ===== | + | |
- | * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** zuò | + | |
- | * **Part of Speech:** Verb | + | |
- | * **HSK Level:** HSK 1 | + | |
- | * **Concise Definition: | + | |
- | * **In a Nutshell:** **坐 (zuò)** is the fundamental Chinese verb for "to sit." If you want to tell someone to sit down, you use **坐**. However, its meaning extends far beyond the chair. In Chinese, you **坐** a plane, **坐** a train, or **坐** a car. Instead of focusing on the act of " | + | |
- | ===== Character Breakdown ===== | + | |
- | * The character **坐** is a beautiful example of a pictograph, showing a scene that directly represents its meaning. | + | |
- | * **人 (rén):** The character for " | + | |
- | * **土 (tǔ):** The character for " | + | |
- | * The image created is of two people (人) sitting on the ground (土). This simple, ancient picture perfectly captures the essence of the action: "to sit." | + | |
- | ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | + | |
- | * In Chinese culture, the act of inviting someone to **坐 (zuò)** is a primary gesture of hospitality and respect. One of the first things a host will say to a guest upon their arrival is **请坐 (qǐng zuò)**, " | + | |
- | * This contrasts slightly with Western culture where, while polite, offering a seat is one of many welcoming gestures. In China, it is often the very first and most fundamental sign of respect shown to a visitor. | + | |
- | * The concept extends to formal settings. In traditional banquets or important business meetings, where you **坐** (your **座位, zuòwèi** or " | + | |
- | * A powerful cultural example is the term **坐月子 (zuò yuèzi)**, literally "sit the month." | + | |
- | ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | + | |
- | * **Basic Action/ | + | |
- | * **Polite Invitation: | + | |
- | * **Transportation (Crucial Use):** This is the most important extended meaning for learners. You use **坐** for any vehicle you sit //in//. | + | |
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- | * **Figurative/ | + | |
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- | ===== Example Sentences ===== | + | |
- | * **Example 1:** | + | |
- | * 别客气,请**坐**。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Bié kèqi, qǐng **zuò**. | + | |
- | * English: Don't be so formal, please sit. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This is a classic, polite phrase used when welcoming guests into your home or office. **别客气 (bié kèqi)** means " | + | |
- | * **Example 2:** | + | |
- | * 老师进来了,同学们都**坐**得很好。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Lǎoshī jìnlái le, tóngxuémen dōu **zuò** de hěn hǎo. | + | |
- | * English: The teacher came in, and all the students were sitting nicely. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This shows how **坐** can be described with a degree complement (`得 de`), indicating //how// someone is sitting. | + | |
- | * **Example 3:** | + | |
- | * 我明天**坐**飞机去北京。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Wǒ míngtiān **zuò** fēijī qù Běijīng. | + | |
- | * English: I am taking a plane to Beijing tomorrow. | + | |
- | * Analysis: A perfect example of **坐** used for transportation. The literal translation "I sit plane to go to Beijing" | + | |
- | * **Example 4:** | + | |
- | * 你喜欢**坐**火车还是**坐**高铁? | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Nǐ xǐhuān **zuò** huǒchē háishì **zuò** gāotiě? | + | |
- | * English: Do you prefer to take the train or the high-speed rail? | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence uses an `A 还是 (háishì) B` structure to ask a choice question, a very common pattern. | + | |
- | * **Example 5:** | + | |
- | * 这里没人,你可以**坐**。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Zhèlǐ méi rén, nǐ kěyǐ **zuò**. | + | |
- | * English: There' | + | |
- | * Analysis: A simple, practical sentence you might use on a bus or in a waiting room. | + | |
- | * **Example 6:** | + | |
- | * 他因为偷东西**坐**了三年牢。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi tōu dōngxi **zuò**le sān nián láo. | + | |
- | * English: He was in prison for three years for stealing. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This demonstrates the figurative use of **坐牢 (zuò láo)** for "being imprisoned." | + | |
- | * **Example 7:** | + | |
- | * 以前,我每天**坐**公共汽车上学。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Yǐqián, wǒ měi tiān **zuò** gōnggòng qìchē shàngxué. | + | |
- | * English: In the past, I took the public bus to school every day. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This shows the use of **坐** for a routine, daily activity. | + | |
- | * **Example 8:** | + | |
- | * 我的朋友正在**坐**月子,所以我们不能去打扰她。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Wǒ de péngyou zhèngzài **zuò** yuèzi, suǒyǐ wǒmen bùnéng qù dǎrǎo tā. | + | |
- | * English: My friend is doing her month of postpartum confinement, | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence provides context for the important cultural practice of **坐月子 (zuò yuèzi)**. | + | |
- | * **Example 9:** | + | |
- | * 等了半天,他**坐**立不安。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Děngle bàntiān, tā **zuò** lì bù' | + | |
- | * English: After waiting for a long time, he became restless. | + | |
- | * Analysis: An example of the common four-character idiom (chengyu) **坐立不安 (zuò lì bù' | + | |
- | * **Example 10:** | + | |
- | * 太晚了,我们**坐**出租车回家吧。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Tài wǎn le, wǒmen **zuò** chūzūchē huí jiā ba. | + | |
- | * English: It's too late, let's take a taxi home. | + | |
- | * Analysis: A common suggestion using the **吧 (ba)** particle. This is a very natural, conversational sentence. | + | |
- | * **Example 11:** | + | |
- | * 对不起,这个**座位**有人**坐**了。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Duìbùqǐ, zhège **zuò**wèi yǒurén **zuò** le. | + | |
- | * English: Sorry, this seat is taken. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence cleverly uses both the noun **座位 (zuòwèi)**, | + | |
- | ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | + | |
- | * **The Biggest Pitfall: 坐 (zuò) vs. 骑 (qí)** | + | |
- | * English speakers use " | + | |
- | * **坐 (zuò):** Use for vehicles you sit **IN**. Think cars, trains, planes, boats, buses, taxis. Your legs are in front of you. | + | |
- | * **骑 (qí):** Use for vehicles you **STRADDLE**. Think bicycles, motorcycles, | + | |
- | * **Incorrect: | + | |
- | * **Correct: | + | |
- | * **Correct: | + | |
- | * **False Friend: " | + | |
- | * The English verb "to take" is very versatile for transport (" | + | |
- | * **Formal vs. Informal: 坐 (zuò) vs. 乘 (chéng)** | + | |
- | * **坐** is the universal, everyday word for taking transport. | + | |
- | * **[[乘]] (chéng)** also means "to ride/ | + | |
- | ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | + | |
- | * [[骑]] (qí) - To ride (astride); the direct counterpart to **坐** for vehicles like bikes and horses. | + | |
- | * [[站]] (zhàn) - To stand; the physical antonym of **坐**. | + | |
- | * [[座位]] (zuòwèi) - Seat, place; the noun for the place where you **坐**. | + | |
- | * [[下]] (xià) - Down, under; used as a resultative complement in **坐下** (sit down). | + | |
- | * [[请]] (qǐng) - Please; essential for politeness, as in **请坐** (please sit). | + | |
- | * [[乘]] (chéng) - To ride, to take (transportation); | + | |
- | * [[飞机]] (fēijī) - Airplane; a common vehicle you **坐**. | + | |
- | * [[火车]] (huǒchē) - Train; another common vehicle you **坐**. | + | |
- | * [[坐月子]] (zuò yuèzi) - A culturally significant practice of postpartum confinement, | + |