基础

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基础 [2025/08/10 02:31] – created xiaoer基础 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jīchǔ: 基础 - Foundation, Base, Basis ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 基础, jichu, Chinese for foundation, basic Chinese, basics in Chinese, jichu meaning, Chinese grammar basis, foundation Chinese characters, build a foundation in Chinese, dǎ hǎo jīchǔ, HSK 4 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **基础 (jīchǔ)**, a vital Chinese term for "foundation," "base," or "basis." This page explores how `jīchǔ` is crucial not just for building structures, but for learning a language, developing skills, and understanding modern Chinese culture. Learn how to use it correctly, from discussing your Chinese studies to understanding news about China's infrastructure, and grasp why building a strong `基础` is a core value in Chinese society. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jīchǔ +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** The fundamental part of something on which other parts are built; a foundation or base. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** `基础` refers to the essential, underlying structure that supports everything else. Think of it as the foundation of a house, the basic grammar of a language, or the fundamental principles of a science. In Chinese thought, a strong and stable `基础` is not just important, it's a prerequisite for any future success, growth, or complexity. The word carries a sense of stability, importance, and patient preparation. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **基 (jī):** This character means "base" or "foundation." It's composed of **土 (tǔ)** on the bottom, meaning "earth" or "soil," and **其 (qí)**, which provides the sound. The "earth" radical at the bottom visually grounds the character, suggesting something built solidly upon the earth. +
-  * **础 (chǔ):** This character means "plinth" or the stone base of a pillar. It's composed of **石 (shí)**, meaning "stone," and **楚 (chǔ)**, which acts as the phonetic component. The "stone" radical clearly indicates a solid, strong, and durable base. +
-  * When combined, **基础 (jīchǔ)** literally paints a picture of an "earthen and stone foundation." This strong, physical image is extended to represent the abstract foundation of any skill, knowledge, or enterprise. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * The concept of **基础 (jīchǔ)** is deeply woven into the fabric of Chinese culture, especially in education and personal development. There's a profound cultural belief that one must first master the fundamentals with patience and diligence before attempting more complex or creative endeavors. This is captured in the proverb **万丈高楼平地起 (wàn zhàng gāo lóu píng dì qǐ)**, meaning "a ten-thousand-foot-tall building rises from the flat ground." +
-  * **Comparison to Western Culture:** While Western cultures also value fundamentals, there is often a greater emphasis on "innovation," "disruption," and "failing fast." The Chinese approach, influenced by `基础`, often prioritizes a longer period of foundational training. In learning an instrument, for example, a Chinese teacher might insist on months of perfecting scales (`基础`) before allowing a student to play a full song. This isn't about stifling creativity, but about earning the right to be creative through complete mastery of the basics. This value is seen in everything from calligraphy and martial arts to how one approaches a new career. A solid `基础` ensures long-term stability and excellence. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Education and Learning:** This is the most common context for a learner. Teachers, parents, and students constantly talk about **打好基础 (dǎ hǎo jīchǔ)** - "to build a good foundation." It's used for any subject: math, English, or Chinese itself. +
-  * **Economy and Development:** In news and official reports, you will frequently encounter **基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)**, which means "infrastructure" (e.g., roads, railways, power grids). A country's economic development is seen as resting upon its `基础设施`. +
-  * **Relationships and Arguments:** `基础` can describe the basis of a relationship (e.g., trust, mutual respect) or the basis of an argument (e.g., facts, logic). It defines the core upon which the relationship or argument is built. +
-  * **As a Modifier:** It can be used before another noun to mean "basic" or "foundational," as in **基础知识 (jīchǔ zhīshi)** - "foundational knowledge." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 学习任何语言，打好**基础**都非常重要。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xuéxí rènhé yǔyán, dǎ hǎo **jīchǔ** dōu fēicháng zhòngyào. +
-    * English: When learning any language, building a good foundation is extremely important. +
-    * Analysis: This is a classic and highly relevant example for language learners. **打好基础 (dǎ hǎo jīchǔ)** is a set phrase you should memorize. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这座桥的**基础**很坚固，能用一百年。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè zuò qiáo de **jīchǔ** hěn jiāngù, néng yòng yī bǎi nián. +
-    * English: This bridge's foundation is very solid; it can be used for 100 years. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the literal meaning of `基础` – a physical foundation for a structure. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 信任是友谊的**基础**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xìnrèn shì yǒuyì de **jīchǔ**. +
-    * English: Trust is the foundation of friendship. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `基础` is used abstractly to describe the basis of a relationship. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 中国在过去二十年里大力投资**基础设施**建设。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhōngguó zài guòqù èrshí nián lǐ dàlì tóuzī **jīchǔ shèshī** jiànshè. +
-    * English: China has invested heavily in infrastructure construction over the past 20 years. +
-    * Analysis: This features the compound word **基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)**, a key term in economics and politics. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他的数学**基础**太差了，所以现在学得很吃力。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de shùxué **jīchǔ** tài chà le, suǒyǐ xiànzài xué de hěn chīlì. +
-    * English: His math foundation is too poor, so he's finding it very difficult to study now. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the negative consequence of lacking a good `基础`. `吃力 (chīlì)` vividly means "to be a strain" or "to require strenuous effort." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 这个理论没有什么科学**基础**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège lǐlùn méiyǒu shénme kēxué **jīchǔ**. +
-    * English: This theory doesn't have any scientific basis. +
-    * Analysis: `基础` can mean "basis" in the sense of evidence or supporting principles for an idea. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我们先来复习一下**基础**知识。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xiān lái fùxí yīxià **jīchǔ** zhīshi. +
-    * English: Let's first review the basic knowledge. +
-    * Analysis: Here `基础` functions like an adjective modifying `知识 (zhīshi)` to mean "foundational/basic knowledge." +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 他的成功是在多年努力的**基础**上取得的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de chénggōng shì zài duōnián nǔlì de **jīchǔ** shàng qǔdé de. +
-    * English: His success was achieved on the basis of many years of hard work. +
-    * Analysis: The structure **在…的基础上 (zài...de jīchǔ shàng)** is very common and means "on the basis of..." or "based on...". +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 你一点儿**基础**都没有，怎么能看懂这本书呢？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ yīdiǎnr **jīchǔ** dōu méiyǒu, zěnme néng kàndǒng zhè běn shū ne? +
-    * English: You don't have any foundation at all, how can you understand this book? +
-    * Analysis: This example shows how to express a complete lack of foundation using **一点儿…都/也+没有 (yīdiǎnr...dōu/yě méiyǒu)**. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 公司为新员工提供**基础**培训。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī wèi xīn yuángōng tígōng **jīchǔ** péixùn. +
-    * English: The company provides basic training for new employees. +
-    * Analysis: Similar to example 7, `基础` modifies a noun (`培训`, training) to mean "basic" or "foundational." +
-  * **Example 11:** +
-    * 良好的农业**基础**对一个国家至关重要。 +
-    * Pinyin: Liánghǎo de nóngyè **jīchǔ** duì yīge guójiā zhìguān zhòngyào. +
-    * English: A good agricultural base is crucial for a country. +
-    * Analysis: This shows `基础` used in a broad, societal context, referring to a country's foundational economic sectors. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`基础` (noun) vs. "Basic" (adjective):** A common mistake for English speakers is to use `基础` as a standalone adjective. While it can modify a noun (e.g., `基础知识` - basic knowledge), it is fundamentally a noun meaning "foundation." To say "This is too basic," you would not say "这个太基础 (zhège tài jīchǔ)." You would use the adjective **基本 (jīběn)**: "这个太基本了 (zhège tài jīběn le)." +
-  * **`基础` vs. `基本` (jīběn):** This is a critical distinction. +
-    *   **基础 (jīchǔ)** is a **noun**: It's the *thing* itself, the foundation. //My Chinese foundation is good.// (我的中文**基础**很好。) +
-    *   **基本 (jīběn)** is an **adjective** (basic, fundamental) or an **adverb** (basically). //This is a basic question.// (这是一个**基本**问题。) //I basically understand.// (我**基本**懂了。) +
-    *   **Incorrect:** 我的中文很**基本**。 (My Chinese is very basic.) -> This sounds awkward. +
-    *   **Correct:** 我的中文**基础**很好。 (My Chinese foundation is very good.) +
-    *   **Correct:** 我只懂一些**基本**的中文。 (I only know some basic Chinese.) +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[基本]] (jīběn) - An adjective meaning "basic" or "fundamental." The adjectival counterpart to the noun `基础`. +
-  * [[打基础]] (dǎ jīchǔ) - A very common verb-object phrase meaning "to lay a foundation." +
-  * [[基础设施]] (jīchǔ shèshī) - Infrastructure; the public facilities that form the foundation of a society. +
-  * [[地基]] (dìjī) - The foundation of a building; a more literal and technical term for a physical base. +
-  * [[根本]] (gēnběn) - (Noun) Root, essence; (Adjective) fundamental; (Adverb) at all, simply (often in a negative sense). It refers to something even more core or essential than `基础`. +
-  * [[根据]] (gēnjù) - (Noun) Basis, grounds; (Preposition) according to. Refers to the evidence or reasoning behind a claim, rather than the underlying structure of a system. +
-  * [[原则]] (yuánzé) - Principle. Principles can form the `基础` of a person's moral code or a system of logic.+