学者

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学者 [2025/08/09 03:19] – created xiaoer学者 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== xuézhě: 学者 - Scholar, Learned Person ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** xuezhe, 学者, xue zhe, Chinese for scholar, Chinese academic, learned person in Chinese, what does xuezhe mean, Chinese intellectual, Chinese professor, HSK 5 +
-  * **Summary:** 学者 (xuézhě) is a highly respectful Chinese term for a "scholar" or "academic." More than just a student or teacher, a 学者 is a recognized expert who has dedicated their life to a specific field of study. The word carries significant cultural weight, rooted in the historical importance of scholar-officials in imperial China, and reflects a deep societal respect for learning and intellectual authority. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** xuézhě +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A scholar, academic, or a person with profound, specialized knowledge. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of "学者" not just as someone who studies, but as someone who has reached the pinnacle of a field of knowledge. This isn't your college professor (though they might be one); it's a title of great respect for someone whose work contributes significantly to human knowledge. The term implies depth, authority, and a lifetime of dedication to learning. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **学 (xué):** This character means "to study" or "learning." The top part (⺍) originally depicted two hands, and the bottom (子) is a child. The image is of an elder teaching a child, representing the transmission of knowledge. +
-  * **者 (zhě):** This is a versatile suffix that means "one who..." or "person." It functions much like "-er," "-ist," or "-ian" in English, turning an action or a concept into a person associated with it. +
-  * **How they combine:** Literally, `学` (learning) + `者` (-er) means "a person who learns." However, its meaning has elevated over time. It doesn't mean a beginner student, but rather someone who has mastered learning in a particular domain—a scholar. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, learning has historically been the most respected path to success and social standing. The concept of a "学者" is deeply tied to the "scholar-official" (士大夫, shì dàfū) of imperial China. For centuries, the most intelligent men dedicated themselves to studying classic texts to pass rigorous civil service exams. Success meant not just a government position but also immense prestige and the responsibility to be a moral and cultural guide for society. +
-  * **Comparison to Western "Academic/Intellectual":** While "scholar" or "academic" is a good translation, the term "学者" carries a heavier historical and moral weight. A Western "academic" might be seen as a specialist confined to their "ivory tower." A traditional "学者," however, is often expected to have a broader social conscience and serve as a keeper of culture. Their knowledge is not just for research papers but for the betterment and guidance of society. This connects to the Confucian value that education is intrinsically linked to moral cultivation. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Formality:** "学者" is a formal and highly respectful term. It is used in media, academia, and formal introductions to describe someone's status, but rarely used in direct address. +
-  * **Who is a 学者?:** The title is reserved for established figures. This includes tenured university professors (especially in the humanities and social sciences), researchers at major institutions (like the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences), and famous public intellectuals known for their expertise. You would not call a graduate student, or even a junior lecturer, a "学者". +
-  * **Connotation:** The connotation is overwhelmingly positive, implying intelligence, dedication, and authority. To be called a "学者" is a great honor. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他是一位著名的历史**学者**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì yī wèi zhùmíng de lìshǐ **xuézhě**. +
-    * English: He is a famous history scholar. +
-    * Analysis: A standard, common way to state someone's profession or status. `一位 (yī wèi)` is a respectful measure word used for people. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这次会议邀请了来自世界各地的**学者**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì huìyì yāoqǐng le láizì shìjiè gèdì de **xuézhě**. +
-    * English: This conference invited scholars from all over the world. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates the use of the term in an academic or professional context. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 很多**学者**认为，经济发展不应该以牺牲环境为代价。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hěn duō **xuézhě** rènwéi, jīngjì fāzhǎn bù yīnggāi yǐ xīshēng huánjìng wèi dàijià. +
-    * English: Many scholars believe that economic development should not come at the cost of sacrificing the environment. +
-    * Analysis: Here, "学者" is used to lend authority to an opinion, much like "experts say..." in English. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 他的梦想是成为一名受人尊敬的**学者**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de mèngxiǎng shì chéngwéi yī míng shòu rén zūnjìng de **xuézhě**. +
-    * English: His dream is to become a respected scholar. +
-    * Analysis: Shows "学者" as an aspirational goal, highlighting the respect associated with the title. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 作为一名**学者**，他一生致力于研究中国古代文学。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuòwéi yī míng **xuézhě**, tā yīshēng zhìlì yú yánjiū Zhōngguó gǔdài wénxué. +
-    * English: As a scholar, he dedicated his entire life to researching ancient Chinese literature. +
-    * Analysis: The phrase `作为 (zuòwéi)...` means "as a...", and is often used to define someone's role or identity. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 这位**学者**的最新研究成果引起了广泛关注。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè wèi **xuézhě** de zuìxīn yánjiū chéngguǒ yǐnqǐ le guǎngfàn guānzhù. +
-    * English: This scholar's latest research findings have attracted widespread attention. +
-    * Analysis: Connects the term "学者" directly with the act of research (`研究`) and its results (`成果`). +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 他不仅是一位**学者**，也是一位有社会责任感的知识分子。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bùjǐn shì yī wèi **xuézhě**, yěshì yī wèi yǒu shèhuì zérèngǎn de zhīshi fènzǐ. +
-    * English: He is not only a scholar, but also an intellectual with a sense of social responsibility. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence distinguishes "学者" (focused on academic expertise) from the broader category of `知识分子 (zhīshi fènzǐ)` (intellectual). +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 我们应该用**学者**的态度来对待这个问题，而不是凭感觉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yīnggāi yòng **xuézhě** de tàidù lái duìdài zhège wèntí, ér bùshì píng gǎnjué. +
-    * English: We should approach this problem with a scholar's attitude, not based on feelings. +
-    * Analysis: This shows "学者" being used metaphorically to mean a rigorous, evidence-based, and objective approach. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 一位真正的**学者**总是对知识保持谦虚。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yī wèi zhēnzhèng de **xuézhě** zǒngshì duì zhīshi bǎochí qiānxū. +
-    * English: A true scholar is always humble in the face of knowledge. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence touches upon the idealized virtues of a "学者"—not just intelligence, but also humility. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 与商人不同，**学者**追求的通常不是财富，而是真理。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yǔ shāngrén bùtóng, **xuézhě** zhuīqiú de tōngcháng bùshì cáifù, ér shì zhēnlǐ. +
-    * English: Unlike businesspeople, what scholars pursue is usually not wealth, but truth. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence creates a contrast to clarify the primary motivation associated with a "学者". +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`学者 (xuézhě)` vs. `学生 (xuésheng)`:** This is the most common point of confusion for beginners. +
-    * `学生 (xuésheng)` means "student." It refers to anyone who is currently in the process of learning, from kindergarten to a Ph.D. candidate. +
-    * `学者 (xuézhě)` means "scholar." It refers to someone who has already achieved a high level of expertise and is recognized as an authority. +
-    * **Incorrect:** ~~我是北京大学的学者。~~ (Wǒ shì Běijīng Dàxué de xuézhě.) -> This would sound very arrogant if you are a student. +
-    * **Correct:** 我是北京大学的**学生**。 (Wǒ shì Běijīng Dàxué de xuésheng.) - I am a student at Peking University. +
-  * **Direct Address:** Do not call your professor "学者" to their face. It is too formal and functions more as a third-person description or title. +
-    * **Awkward:** ~~学者，您好！~~ (Xuézhě, nín hǎo!) +
-    * **Correct:** **王教授，您好！** (Wáng jiàoshòu, nín hǎo!) - Hello, Professor Wang! +
-    * **Correct:** **王老师，您好！** (Wáng lǎoshī, nín hǎo!) - Hello, Teacher Wang! (More common and friendly). +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[学生]] (xuésheng) - Student. The opposite end of the spectrum from a scholar; one who receives knowledge. +
-  * [[老师]] (lǎoshī) - Teacher. A general term for any educator. A `学者` is a type of `老师`, but not all `老师` are `学者`. +
-  * [[教授]] (jiàoshòu) - Professor. A specific academic title/rank at a university. Most `教授` would be considered `学者`. +
-  * [[专家]] (zhuānjiā) - Expert/Specialist. This term emphasizes specialized skill or practical knowledge (e.g., a computer expert). A `学者` is an academic expert, while a `专家` can be in any field, academic or not. +
-  * [[知识分子]] (zhīshi fènzǐ) - Intellectual. A broader term for the educated class, including scholars, writers, journalists, and artists. +
-  * [[院士]] (yuànshì) - Academician. The highest honorific title for a scholar in China, granted by institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is the "best of the best" among scholars. +
-  * [[士大夫]] (shì dàfū) - Scholar-official. The historical archetype from imperial China that informs the modern cultural understanding of a `学者`.+