家属

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家属 [2025/08/13 23:54] – created xiaoer家属 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jiāshǔ: 家属 - Family Member(s), Dependent(s) ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jiashu, 家属, jiashu meaning, family members in Chinese, dependent in Chinese, what is jiashu, Chinese word for family, 家属 vs 家人, jiashu vs jiaren, formal family in Chinese. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning of **家属 (jiāshǔ)**, a key Chinese term for "family members" or "dependents." Unlike the warm, everyday word "家人" (jiārén), **家属 (jiāshǔ)** is a more formal and official term used in contexts like hospitals, workplaces, legal documents, and official announcements. This guide breaks down its cultural significance, practical usage, and how to use it correctly to sound like a native speaker. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jiāshǔ +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** The members of one's immediate family, especially one's spouse and dependents in an official or formal context. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **家属 (jiāshǔ)** as the word you'd see on a form, not in a family photo album. It refers to family members to whom you have a legal or official connection and responsibility—like a spouse, children, or parents you support. It's a formal, neutral term used by institutions like hospitals, companies, or the government to refer to one's family. It lacks the warmth and emotional connection of the more common word [[家人]] (jiārén). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **家 (jiā):** This character means "home," "family," or "household." The pictograph shows a roof (宀) over a pig (豕). In ancient China, a pig in the house was a symbol of domesticity, sustenance, and wealth, making it the perfect symbol for a home. +
-  * **属 (shǔ):** This character means "to belong to," "to be a part of," or "category/class." It implies affiliation or subordination. +
-  * Together, **家属 (jiāshǔ)** literally translates to "those who belong to the family." This perfectly captures the term's meaning of individuals who are officially affiliated with and often dependent on a central member of the household. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **The Family as a Formal Unit:** The existence of a specific word like **家属 (jiāshǔ)** highlights the importance of the family as a fundamental, recognized unit in Chinese society. It's not just a collection of loving individuals but a social and economic entity with defined roles, responsibilities, and legal standing. This term is the linguistic tool used by society's formal structures (government, corporations, hospitals) to interact with that family unit. +
-  * **Comparison to "Family" vs. "Dependents":** In English, the word "family" can be used in almost any situation, from a casual "I love my family" to a formal "Please notify the patient's family." Chinese, however, makes a sharp distinction. +
-    * **家属 (jiāshǔ)** is used like the more formal "family" or, more accurately, "dependents" or "next of kin" in English. It's about official status. +
-    * **[[家人]] (jiārén)** is used for the emotional, personal concept of "family." It's about love and connection. +
-  * This distinction reflects a cultural tendency to separate the public/official sphere from the private/personal sphere. When you're dealing with a hospital, you're in a formal relationship, so **家属 (jiāshǔ)** is the appropriate term. When you're at home talking about your loved ones, you use **家人 (jiārén)**. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Formality:** **家属 (jiāshǔ)** is always used in formal or official situations. Using it in a casual setting would sound cold, distant, and strange. +
-  * **Common Contexts:** +
-    * **Hospitals and Medical Care:** This is one of the most common places you'll hear it. Nurses or doctors will refer to the patient's family as **病人家属 (bìngrén jiāshǔ)**. You may need to sign forms as a **家属**. +
-    * **Workplace and Benefits:** A company might offer health insurance that covers an employee and their **家属**. Company events might be open to **员工家属 (yuángōng jiāshǔ)** (employees' families). +
-    * **Legal and Official Documents:** Visa applications, insurance policies, and police reports will often ask for information about your **家属**. +
-    * **Formal Announcements:** At a funeral, the speaker might thank the **逝者家属 (shìzhě jiāshǔ)** (family of the deceased). At a conference, a speaker might acknowledge the attendance of special guests and their **家属**. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 医生请**家属**进来一下，他有事情要谈。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng qǐng **jiāshǔ** jìnlái yīxià, tā yǒu shìqing yào tán. +
-    * English: The doctor asked the family member(s) to come in for a moment; he has something to discuss. +
-    * Analysis: A classic hospital scenario. The doctor is using a formal, official term to address the patient's next of kin. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 我们公司的医疗保险也包括员工的直系**家属**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī de yīliáo bǎoxiǎn yě bāokuò yuángōng de zhíxì **jiāshǔ**. +
-    * English: Our company's health insurance also covers the employee's immediate family members (dependents). +
-    * Analysis: This is a typical human resources or corporate benefits context. "直系" (zhíxì) means "direct line," specifying immediate family. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 只有**家属**才能进入这个限制区域。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhǐyǒu **jiāshǔ** cáinéng jìnrù zhège xiànzhì qūyù. +
-    * English: Only family members are allowed to enter this restricted area. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **家属** used to define a group with special privileges in a formal setting, like backstage at an event or a special hospital wing. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 在填写签证申请表时，你需要列出所有随行**家属**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài tiánxiě qiānzhèng shēnqǐngbiǎo shí, nǐ xūyào lièchū suǒyǒu suíxíng **jiāshǔ**. +
-    * English: When filling out the visa application form, you need to list all accompanying family members. +
-    * Analysis: A perfect example of its use in official paperwork. "随行" (suíxíng) means "accompanying." +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 此次事故中遇难者的**家属**将获得赔偿。 +
-    * Pinyin: Cǐ cì shìgù zhōng yùnànzhě de **jiāshǔ** jiāng huòdé péicháng. +
-    * English: The families of the victims in this accident will receive compensation. +
-    * Analysis: This is common in news reports and legal contexts, where **家属** refers to the legal next of kin of a victim. +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 作为军人**家属**，她感到非常自豪。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuòwéi jūnrén **jiāshǔ**, tā gǎndào fēicháng zìháo. +
-    * English: As a military family member, she feels very proud. +
-    * Analysis: This uses the specific compound **军属 (jūnshǔ)**, which is short for 军人家属 (jūnrén jiāshǔ), highlighting a specific, officially recognized status. +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 手术同意书需要病人的**家属**签字。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shǒushù tóngyìshū xūyào bìngrén de **jiāshǔ** qiānzì. +
-    * English: The surgery consent form needs a signature from the patient's family member. +
-    * Analysis: Another clear medical/legal context where the signature of a **家属** carries legal weight. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 公司的年会欢迎各位员工及**家属**参加。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī de niánhuì huānyíng gèwèi yuángōng jí **jiāshǔ** cānjiā. +
-    * English: The company's annual party welcomes all employees and their families to attend. +
-    * Analysis: Here, "及家属" (jí jiāshǔ) is a formal way of saying "and family." It's more formal than saying "和家人" (hé jiārén). +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 警察正在联系受害人的**家属**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jǐngchá zhèngzài liánxì shòuhàirén de **jiāshǔ**. +
-    * English: The police are in the process of contacting the victim's family. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the term's use by authorities. The police need to contact the official next of kin. +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 他是烈士**家属**，享受国家的一些优待政策。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì lièshì **jiāshǔ**, xiǎngshòu guójiā de yīxiē yōudài zhèngcè. +
-    * English: He is the family member of a martyr and enjoys some preferential policies from the state. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how the status of **家属** can be linked to specific social benefits or policies, reinforcing its official nature. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **The Biggest Mistake: Using 家属 (jiāshǔ) for emotional contexts.** +
-  * The most common error for learners is to use **家属 (jiāshǔ)** when they should use the warm, general term **[[家人]] (jiārén)**. Using **家属** in casual conversation makes you sound like you're reading a legal document. +
-  * **Incorrect Usage:** +
-    * //我非常爱我的**家属**。// (Wǒ fēicháng ài wǒ de **jiāshǔ**.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** This sounds extremely cold and clinical, like saying "I deeply love my legal dependents." It completely lacks any emotional warmth. +
-    * **Correct Usage:** +
-    * 我非常爱我的**家人**。 (Wǒ fēicháng ài wǒ de **jiārén**.) - "I love my family very much." +
-  * **Incorrect Usage:** +
-    * //周末我喜欢和**家属**一起看电影。// (Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuān hé **jiāshǔ** yīqǐ kàn diànyǐng.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** Again, this is far too formal. It sounds like a statement from a corporate report on employee work-life balance, not a personal sentiment. +
-    * **Correct Usage:** +
-    * 周末我喜欢和**家人**一起看电影。 (Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuān hé **jiārén** yīqǐ kàn diànyǐng.) - "On weekends, I like to watch movies with my family." +
-  * **Rule of Thumb:** If you're talking **about** your family in a loving, personal way, use **家人 (jiārén)**. If you're in a situation where you are being formally identified **by** your relationship to a family member (e.g., at a hospital, bank, or government office), **家属 (jiāshǔ)** is the correct term. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * **[[家人]] (jiārén)** - The most important counterpart. Means "family member(s)" in a warm, loving, and general sense. The word you use in daily life. +
-  * **[[家庭]] (jiātíng)** - "Family" as a social unit or "household." More abstract. You would talk about 家庭问题 (family problems) or 家庭教育 (family education). +
-  * **[[亲属]] (qīnshǔ)** - "Kin" or "relatives." A formal term that is broader than **家属** and can include extended family like uncles, aunts, and cousins. +
-  * **[[亲戚]] (qīnqi)** - "Relatives." The common, everyday word for extended family. You visit your **亲戚** during Chinese New Year. +
-  * **[[配偶]] (pèi'ǒu)** - "Spouse." A very formal and legal term for a husband or wife, often seen on official documents. A **配偶** is a type of **家属**. +
-  * **[[成员]] (chéngyuán)** - "Member." A general term for a member of any group. It can be combined to form 家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán), which is a neutral, slightly formal synonym for **家人**. +
-  * **[[军属]] (jūnshǔ)** - "Military dependents." A specific, official category of **家属** for families of military personnel. +
-  * **[[直系亲属]] (zhíxì qīnshǔ)** - "Immediate family." A formal term specifying parents, spouse, and children. Often used to define the scope of **家属**.+