屈服

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屈服 [2025/08/11 10:56] – created xiaoer屈服 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== qūfú: 屈服 - To Yield, Submit, Surrender ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 屈服, qūfú, how to say surrender in Chinese, meaning of qufu, yield in Chinese, submit to pressure Chinese, give in Chinese, Chinese verb for submission, 屈服 vs 投降, 屈服 vs 让步, HSK 5 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning and use of **屈服 (qūfú)**, the essential Chinese verb for "to yield" or "submit." This comprehensive guide explains how to use **屈服** when talking about giving in to pressure, authority, or temptation, and distinguishes it from military surrender (投降). Discover its cultural nuances and see practical examples to master how to say "surrender" or "give in" in modern Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** qūfú +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To give in, bend one's will, or submit to an external force, pressure, or authority. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **屈服 (qūfú)** is about yielding after a struggle. It's not a happy compromise; it's the act of surrendering your position or will because you are overpowered by a stronger force. This force can be a powerful person, social pressure, overwhelming odds, or even an internal temptation. The word carries a heavy feeling of reluctance and defeat. Think of a tree bending in a storm until it finally breaks—that's the essence of **屈服**. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **屈 (qū):** This character's core meaning is "to bend," "to crouch," or "to curve." It can also mean "grievance" or "injustice," which hints at the negative feeling associated with being forced to bend against your will. +
-  * **服 (fú):** This character means "to obey," "to serve," or "to be convinced." It's the same character used in `衣服 (yīfu)`, meaning "clothes," which "serve" the body by conforming to its shape. +
-When combined, **屈服 (qūfú)** literally means "to bend and obey." The characters create a vivid image of someone being physically and mentally forced to submit, often with a feeling of being wronged (from **屈**) while being made to conform (from **服**). +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **A Reluctant Necessity:** In Chinese culture, which has historically valued hierarchy and collective harmony, **屈服** is a complex concept. On one hand, resisting injustice and showing an unyielding spirit (不屈不挠, bùqū-bùnáo) is a highly praised virtue. Heroes in Chinese stories are often those who refuse to **屈服** to tyranny. +
-  * **Pragmatism vs. Principle:** On the other hand, there's a strong undercurrent of pragmatism. Sometimes, to **屈服** is not seen as cowardice but as a wise, strategic choice to survive and bide one's time in the face of insurmountable power. It can be a way to endure hardship (`忍耐, rěnnài`) until the situation changes. +
-  * **Comparison to "Compromise":** In Western culture, "compromise" is often seen as a positive, necessary part of negotiation where both sides give a little. **屈服 (qūfú)** is fundamentally different. It's almost always a one-sided affair where the weaker party yields completely to the stronger party's demands. It's a loss, not a deal. This is why being forced to **屈服** can lead to a significant loss of "face" (`面子, miànzi`). +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**屈服 (qūfú)** is a relatively formal word, most appropriate for written language, news reports, and serious discussions. While understood in conversation, using it to describe everyday situations (like losing an argument with a friend) can sound overly dramatic. +
-  * **Negative Connotation:** The word is almost always used in a context of negativity or defeat. It's what the "loser" of a conflict does. +
-  * **Yielding to Pressure or Authority:** This is the most common usage. It describes giving in to demands from a boss, the government, or societal expectations. +
-    * e.g., `他屈服于公司的压力。` (He yielded to the company's pressure.) +
-  * **Yielding to Temptation:** It can be used to describe giving in to a personal weakness or vice. +
-    * e.g., `他最终屈服于金钱的诱惑。` (He finally submitted to the temptation of money.) +
-  * **Abstract Usage:** It's often used with abstract concepts like fate, truth, or principles. A common positive phrase is `永不屈服 (yǒng bù qūfú)` - "never yield." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他最终**屈服**于压力，同意了那个不公平的条件。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā zuìzhōng **qūfú** yú yālì, tóngyìle nàge bù gōngpíng de tiáojiàn. +
-    * English: He finally yielded to the pressure and agreed to the unfair conditions. +
-    * Analysis: A classic example of **屈服** being used in a context of power imbalance and injustice. The pressure was too great, so he had to give in. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 即使面对再大的困难，我们也不能轻易**屈服**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jíshǐ miànduì zài dà de kùnnán, wǒmen yě bùnéng qīngyì **qūfú**. +
-    * English: Even when facing great difficulties, we cannot give in easily. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the word used in the negative to express determination and a resilient spirit. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 在强大的对手面前，他不得不选择**屈服**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài qiángdà de duìshǒu miànqián, tā bùdébù xuǎnzé **qūfú**. +
-    * English: In the face of a powerful opponent, he had no choice but to yield. +
-    * Analysis: The phrase `不得不 (bùdébù)` - "have no choice but to" - perfectly captures the unwilling nature of **屈服**. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 这种永不**屈服**的精神值得我们学习。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè zhǒng yǒng bù **qūfú** de jīngshén zhídé wǒmen xuéxí. +
-    * English: This kind of never-say-die (unyielding) spirit is worth learning from. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `不屈服` functions as an adjective describing `精神 (jīngshén)`, "spirit." This is a very common and positive construction. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他没能抵挡住美食的诱惑，最终还是**屈服**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā méi néng dǐdǎng zhù měishí de yòuhuò, zuìzhōng háishì **qūfú** le. +
-    * English: He couldn't resist the temptation of the delicious food and finally gave in. +
-    * Analysis: This is a more lighthearted example, but it still shows **屈服** as giving in to a powerful force (in this case, temptation). +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 政府表示绝不会向恐怖分子的要求**屈服**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ biǎoshì jué bù huì xiàng kǒngbù fènzǐ de yāoqiú **qūfú**. +
-    * English: The government stated that it would absolutely not submit to the terrorists' demands. +
-    * Analysis: A common usage in formal, political, or news contexts. It conveys a strong, non-negotiable stance. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 历史证明，正义最终不会向邪恶**屈服**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lìshǐ zhèngmíng, zhèngyì zuìzhōng bù huì xiàng xié'è **qūfú**. +
-    * English: History proves that justice will not ultimately yield to evil. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates how **屈服** can be used with abstract concepts like justice and evil. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 她是个意志坚强的人，从不向命运**屈服**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì ge yìzhì jiānqiáng de rén, cóngbù xiàng mìngyùn **qūfú**. +
-    * English: She is a strong-willed person who never surrenders to fate. +
-    * Analysis: Shows **屈服** used with the abstract concept of fate (`命运, mìngyùn`), highlighting a person's character. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 在父母的坚持下，他只好**屈服**，放弃了当艺术家的梦想。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài fùmǔ de jiānchí xià, tā zhǐhǎo **qūfú**, fàngqìle dāng yìshùjiā de mèngxiǎng. +
-    * English: Under his parents' insistence, he had no choice but to give in and abandon his dream of becoming an artist. +
-    * Analysis: A realistic social scenario where family pressure forces someone to **屈服**. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 我们不能因为害怕失败而向困难**屈服**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bùnéng yīnwèi hàipà shībài ér xiàng kùnnán **qūfú**. +
-    * English: We cannot yield to difficulties just because we are afraid of failure. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence encourages perseverance and frames **屈服** as a negative outcome driven by fear. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`屈服 (qūfú)` vs. `投降 (tóuxiáng)`:** This is the most critical distinction for learners. +
-    * **`投降 (tóuxiáng)`:** Means "to surrender" in a formal, military context. An army `投降` to its enemy; a player `投降` in a game. It's about ceasing hostilities. +
-    * **`屈服 (qūfú)`:** Means "to yield" to pressure, authority, or temptation. It's much broader and more psychological. You `屈服` to your boss's unreasonable demand, not `投降`. +
-    * **Example of mistake:** `//Incorrect://` 我向老板的压力**投降**了。(Wǒ xiàng lǎobǎn de yālì tóuxiáng le.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** This sounds like you and your boss were in a literal war. The correct word for yielding to pressure is **屈服**. `//Correct://` 我向老板的压力**屈服**了。 +
-  * **`屈服 (qūfú)` vs. `让步 (ràngbù)`:** +
-    * **`让步 (ràngbù)`:** Means "to make a concession" or "to compromise." It implies a negotiation where you give something up to reach an agreement. It's more neutral and can be a positive step. +
-    * **`屈服 (qūfú)`:** Is a total, one-sided submission. There is no negotiation; you simply lose and give in completely. +
-    * **Example:** In a negotiation, both sides might `让步`. But if one side forces the other to accept all terms, the losing side has `屈服`. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[投降]] (tóuxiáng) - To surrender (in a military context). The most common point of confusion with `屈服`. +
-  * [[让步]] (ràngbù) - To make a concession, to compromise. A more neutral and less extreme synonym. +
-  * [[妥协]] (tuǒxié) - To compromise, to come to terms. Similar to `让步` but often used in more formal contexts to describe a final settlement. +
-  * [[服从]] (fúcóng) - To obey, to be subordinate to. `服从` is about following rules or orders, often neutrally. `屈服` implies you were resistant first and then forced to obey. +
-  * [[放弃]] (fàngqì) - To give up, to abandon. You `放弃` a goal or an activity. You `屈服` to an external force that makes you stop. +
-  * [[不屈不挠]] (bùqū-bùnáo) - An idiom meaning "unyielding, indomitable, persistent." A direct antonym in spirit. +
-  * [[忍耐]] (rěnnài) - To endure, to forbear. The act of patiently putting up with a difficult situation, which may or may not end in `屈服`. +
-  * [[低头]] (dītóu) - Literally "to lower one's head." A common, more colloquial way to say "to yield" or "to give in." (e.g., `向困难低头` - bow your head to difficulties).+