市场

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市场 [2025/08/11 09:13] – created xiaoer市场 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== shìchǎng: 市场 - Market ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** market in Chinese, shichang, 市场, Chinese market, stock market in Chinese, wet market, supermarket, marketplace, learn Chinese, Chinese economy, HSK 3 +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **市场 (shìchǎng)**, the essential Chinese word for "market". This comprehensive guide explores everything from the bustling local wet market (菜市场) to the abstract stock market (股票市场). Learn how this fundamental term is key to understanding daily life, business, and the modern Chinese economy, and see how it reflects deep cultural practices. This page is perfect for beginners wanting a practical and rich understanding of a core vocabulary word. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** shìchǎng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A physical or abstract place where goods are bought and sold; a market or marketplace. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **市场 (shìchǎng)** is the go-to word for "market" in nearly every context. Think of a physical place you visit, like a farmers' market, or an abstract concept, like the "job market." It's a highly versatile and direct term, essential for navigating conversations about shopping, business, and the economy in China. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **市 (shì):** This character originally depicted a town's trading post or central gathering place for commerce. Today, it most commonly means "city" or "market." +
-  * **场 (chǎng):** This character, which contains the radical for "earth" (土), refers to a large, open area, a field, a venue, or a stage. +
-  * Together, **市场 (shìchǎng)** literally combines "market" (市) and "place/area" (场). The meaning is straightforward: "a marketplace," the designated area for commerce. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **From Wet Markets to High-Tech Hubs:** The concept of **市场 (shìchǎng)** is deeply woven into the fabric of Chinese society. Traditionally, this meant the local **菜市场 (cài shìchǎng)**, or "wet market." These are not just places to buy food; they are vibrant social hubs. The emphasis on live fish, freshly butchered meat, and just-picked vegetables highlights a cultural premium on freshness (新鲜 - xīnxiān). Bargaining, or **讨价还价 (tǎojiàhuánjià)**, is an expected and integral part of the experience. +
-  * **Comparison to Western "Farmer's Market":** While a Western farmer's market is a good starting point for comparison, a traditional Chinese **菜市场** is often a daily necessity rather than a weekly novelty. The energy, noise, and sheer variety are often on a different scale, reflecting its central role in the community's daily rhythm. +
-  * **The Modern "Market Economy":** In the modern era, **市场** has taken on immense significance in discussions of China's economic miracle. The term **社会主义市场经济 (shèhuì zhǔyì shìchǎng jīngjì)**, or "socialist market economy," is a cornerstone of modern Chinese policy. Therefore, understanding **市场** is not just about shopping; it's about understanding the engine of contemporary China. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Daily Shopping:** The most common use is referring to a physical place to buy goods, especially food. +
-    *   **菜市场 (cài shìchǎng):** Wet market / produce market. +
-    *   **超市 (chāoshì):** Supermarket (a type of **市场**). +
-    *   **跳蚤市场 (tiàozǎo shìchǎng):** Flea market. +
-  * **Business and Economics:** This is where the term becomes more abstract and is crucial for professional and academic contexts. +
-    *   **股票市场 (gǔpiào shìchǎng):** Stock market. +
-    *   **房地产市场 (fángdìchǎn shìchǎng):** Real estate market. +
-    *   **就业市场 (jiùyè shìchǎng):** Job market. +
-  * **Marketing and Strategy:** The term is a building block for business vocabulary. +
-    *   **市场营销 (shìchǎng yíngxiāo):** Marketing. +
-    *   **市场调查 (shìchǎng diàochá):** Market research. +
-    *   **市场份额 (shìchǎng fèn'é):** Market share. +
-The term **市场** is almost always neutral in connotation. It is a descriptive word for a system or a place. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我妈妈每天都去**市场**买新鲜的蔬菜。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ māma měitiān dōu qù **shìchǎng** mǎi xīnxiān de shūcài. +
-    * English: My mom goes to the **market** every day to buy fresh vegetables. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most classic, literal use of the word, referring to a physical food market. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 最近股票**市场**的波动很大。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuìjìn gǔpiào **shìchǎng** de bōdòng hěn dà. +
-    * English: Recently, the stock **market** has been very volatile. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **市场** is used in its abstract, economic sense. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 这家公司占据了很大的**市场**份额。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā gōngsī zhànjùle hěn dà de **shìchǎng** fèn'é. +
-    * English: This company occupies a large **market** share. +
-    * Analysis: This business context shows how **市场** is used to refer to the customer base or industry landscape. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 对于毕业生来说，今年的就业**市场**不太乐观。 +
-    * Pinyin: Duìyú bìyè shēng lái shuō, jīnnián de jiùyè **shìchǎng** bù tài lèguān. +
-    * English: For graduates, this year's job **market** is not very optimistic. +
-    * Analysis: Another abstract use, combining **就业 (jiùyè - employment)** with **市场**. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我们的新产品有很大的**市场**潜力。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen de xīn chǎnpǐn yǒu hěn dà de **shìchǎng** qiánlì. +
-    * English: Our new product has great **market** potential. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates how **市场** can mean "potential customer demand." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 在做决定之前，我们需要做一些**市场**调查。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài zuò juédìng zhīqián, wǒmen xūyào zuò yīxiē **shìchǎng** diàochá. +
-    * English: Before making a decision, we need to do some **market** research. +
-    * Analysis: A common phrase in a business setting. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 价格应该由**市场**来决定。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jiàgé yīnggāi yóu **shìchǎng** lái juédìng. +
-    * English: The price should be decided by the **market**. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence personifies the **市场** as the force of supply and demand, a key principle in economics. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这个周末我们去逛逛跳蚤**市场**吧。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège zhōumò wǒmen qù guàngguang tiàozǎo **shìchǎng** ba. +
-    * English: Let's go check out the flea **market** this weekend. +
-    * Analysis: Shows how **市场** can be modified to describe specific types of markets, like **跳蚤 (tiàozǎo)**, "flea". +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 他们正在努力打开海外**市场**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tāmen zhèngzài nǔlì dǎkāi hǎiwài **shìchǎng**. +
-    * English: They are working hard to open up overseas **markets**. +
-    * Analysis: **打开市场 (dǎkāi shìchǎng)** is a common collocation meaning "to enter a market" or "to break into a market." +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 全球智能手机**市场**的竞争非常激烈。 +
-    * Pinyin: Quánqiú zhìnéng shǒujī **shìchǎng** de jìngzhēng fēicháng jīliè. +
-    * English: The competition in the global smartphone **market** is extremely fierce. +
-    * Analysis: This example highlights its use in a global, industry-specific context. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`市场 (shìchǎng)` vs. `商场 (shāngchǎng)`:** This is the most common point of confusion for learners. +
-    *   **市场 (shìchǎng):** A general "market." Can be outdoors (like a food market) or abstract (like the stock market). +
-    *   **商场 (shāngchǎng):** A "shopping mall" or "department store." It specifically refers to a modern, enclosed building for shopping, usually for clothes, electronics, and luxury goods. +
-    *   //Correct:// 我去**市场**买菜。(Wǒ qù **shìchǎng** mǎi cài.) - I'm going to the (food) market to buy groceries. +
-    *   //Correct:// 我去**商场**买衣服。(Wǒ qù **shāngchǎng** mǎi yīfu.) - I'm going to the shopping mall to buy clothes. +
-    *   //Incorrect:// 我去股票**商场**。(Wǒ qù gǔpiào **shāngchǎng**.) -> **Wrong.** Abstract markets always use **市场**. It must be 股票**市场**. +
-  * **Verb "To Market":** In English, "market" can be a verb ("We need to market this product."). In Chinese, **市场** is a noun and cannot be used as a verb. +
-    *   //Incorrect:// 我们要**市场**这个产品。(Wǒmen yào **shìchǎng** zhège chǎnpǐn.) +
-    *   //Correct:// 我们要**推广**这个产品。(Wǒmen yào **tuīguǎng** zhège chǎnpǐn.) - We need to **promote** this product. +
-    *   //Correct:// 我们要做这个产品的**市场营销**。(Wǒmen yào zuò zhège chǎnpǐn de **shìchǎng yíngxiāo**.) - We need to do this product's **marketing**. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[超市]] (chāoshì) - Supermarket. A modern, self-service type of `市场`. +
-  * [[商场]] (shāngchǎng) - Shopping mall. The most common "false friend" for `市场`; refers specifically to an indoor mall. +
-  * [[菜市场]] (cài shìchǎng) - Wet market/produce market. The quintessential traditional Chinese `市场`. +
-  * [[经济]] (jīngjì) - Economy. The broader system of which the `市场` is a fundamental part. +
-  * [[营销]] (yíngxiāo) - Marketing. The professional field related to `市场`; often seen in the compound `市场营销`. +
-  * [[推广]] (tuīguǎng) - To promote/popularize. The verb used for the action of "marketing" a product. +
-  * [[讨价还价]] (tǎojiàhuánjià) - To bargain/haggle. A common social practice in many traditional `市场`. +
-  * [[股票]] (gǔpiào) - Stock/Share. A financial instrument traded on the `股票市场` (stock market). +
-  * [[需求]] (xūqiú) - Demand (economic). The force that, along with supply, drives a `市场`. +
-  * [[顾客]] (gùkè) - Customer/Client. The people who make up a `市场`.+