开除

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开除 [2025/08/11 10:50] – created xiaoer开除 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== kāichú: 开除 - To Expel, Fire, Dismiss ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** kaichu, kai chu, 开除, fire chinese, expel chinese, dismiss chinese, get fired in Chinese, meaning of kaichu, Chinese for expel, workplace punishment China, expelled from school Chinese +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning of **开除 (kāichú)**, a powerful Chinese verb for being formally expelled or fired from an institution like a school or company. This is not a casual term; it signifies a serious offense and carries a heavy cultural weight, distinct from being "laid off." This page explores its use in workplace and academic contexts, its cultural implications related to "face," and how it differs from slang terms like "炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú)." +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** kāichú +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To expel or dismiss someone from a group or organization as a form of serious punishment. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **开除 (kāichú)** as the ultimate, formal act of removal. It's not a manager shouting "You're fired!" in a moment of anger. It's an official, documented decision made after a severe transgression. Whether from a school, a company, or even the Party, being "kāichú-ed" is a final, shameful event with lasting consequences for one's reputation. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **开 (kāi):** While commonly meaning "to open," in this context, it takes on the meaning of "to remove" or "to get rid of." Think of it as "opening a path for someone to leave." +
-  * **除 (chú):** This character directly means "to remove," "to get rid of," or "to eliminate." +
-  * The two characters combine to form a strong, direct meaning: to formally and decisively **remove and eliminate** someone from an organization. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, the group (collective) is often valued as highly as the individual. Being part of a school, a work unit (单位, dānwèi), or the Party provides identity, security, and social standing. **开除 (kāichú)** is the formal act of severing this tie, casting the individual out of the collective. +
-This is fundamentally different from the Western concept of simply being "fired." In the U.S., losing a job is unfortunate, but it's often seen as a transactional event. One can be fired for "not being a good fit" or during company restructuring. **开除**, however, almost exclusively implies serious fault on the part of the individual—theft, fraud, violence, or a major breach of ethics. +
-Consequently, being subject to **开除** leads to a significant loss of "face" (面子, miànzi). It brings shame not only to the individual but also to their family. It creates a black mark on one's personal record (档案, dàng'àn) that can make it extremely difficult to find another reputable position or gain acceptance into another school. It is a public and deeply personal punishment. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**开除 (kāichú)** is a formal and serious term used in official contexts. You will hear it in news reports, see it in company regulations, and find it in official termination letters. +
-=== In the Workplace === +
-This is the ultimate disciplinary action for an employee. It is reserved for severe misconduct. A company would not **开除** an employee for poor performance (they would likely be managed out or encouraged to resign). It is used for things like stealing company property, leaking trade secrets, or assaulting a colleague. +
-=== In Academia === +
-A student might be **开除** from a university for serious academic dishonesty (like hiring someone to take an exam), plagiarism on a major thesis, or committing a crime. It is the equivalent of "expulsion" and is the most severe punishment a school can deliver. +
-=== In Politics === +
-A member of the Chinese Communist Party can be **开除党籍 (kāichú dǎngjí)**, or "expelled from the Party." This is a grave political punishment that ends a political career and signifies complete disgrace. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他因为在考试中作弊而被学校**开除**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi zài kǎoshì zhōng zuòbì ér bèi xuéxiào **kāichú** le. +
-    * English: He was expelled from school for cheating on an exam. +
-    * Analysis: This is a classic example of using **开除** in an academic context. The passive voice with 被 (bèi) is very common, as the action is done *to* the person. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 如果你偷公司的东西，你会被**开除**的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ tōu gōngsī de dōngxi, nǐ huì bèi **kāichú** de. +
-    * English: If you steal things from the company, you will be fired. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence serves as a direct warning, highlighting the severe consequences of a specific action. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 那位经理由于收受贿赂被公司**开除**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nà wèi jīnglǐ yóuyú shōushòu huìlù bèi gōngsī **kāichú** le. +
-    * English: That manager was fired by the company for accepting bribes. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates a typical workplace scenario for **开除** – a serious ethical violation. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 公司规定，泄露商业机密者，一律**开除**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī guīdìng, xièlòu shāngyè jīmì zhě, yīlǜ **kāichú**. +
-    * English: Company regulations state that those who leak business secrets will be dismissed without exception. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **开除** is used in a formal rule or regulation. The word 一律 (yīlǜ) emphasizes the "no exceptions" nature of the punishment. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他被**开除**后，很难再找到一份好工作。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bèi **kāichú** hòu, hěn nán zài zhǎodào yī fèn hǎo gōngzuò. +
-    * English: After he was fired/expelled, it was very difficult for him to find a good job again. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence illustrates the long-term consequences and social stigma associated with being **开除**. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 老板威胁说，如果项目再失败，就要**开除**整个团队。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǎobǎn wēixié shuō, rúguǒ xiàngmù zài shībài, jiù yào **kāichú** zhěnggè tuánduì. +
-    * English: The boss threatened that if the project fails again, he will fire the entire team. +
-    * Analysis: While **开除** is formal, it can be used in a threat to show extreme seriousness. In reality, a company would likely use 裁员 (cáiyuán) for project failure, so this is hyperbolic. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 据报道，该官员因严重违纪被**开除**党籍和公职。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jù bàodào, gāi guānyuán yīn yánzhòng wéijì bèi **kāichú** dǎngjí hé gōngzhí. +
-    * English: According to reports, that official was expelled from the Party and removed from public office for serious violations of discipline. +
-    * Analysis: This is a very common phrase in Chinese news about anti-corruption campaigns, showing the term's use in a political context. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 我听说他大学没毕业，因为打架被**开除**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ tīngshuō tā dàxué méi bìyè, yīnwèi dǎjià bèi **kāichú** le. +
-    * English: I heard he didn't graduate from college because he was expelled for fighting. +
-    * Analysis: This is a more conversational example, used when talking about someone's past. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 你最好小心点，我们新来的主管已经**开除**两个人了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ zuìhǎo xiǎoxīn diǎn, wǒmen xīn lái de zhǔguǎn yǐjīng **kāichú** liǎng gè rén le. +
-    * English: You'd better be careful, our new supervisor has already fired two people. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the active use of the verb. It implies the supervisor took the formal action to fire them for cause. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 这次只是一个书面警告，但下次可能就是**开除**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì zhǐshì yī gè shūmiàn jǐnggào, dàn xià cì kěnéng jiùshì **kāichú** le. +
-    * English: This time it's just a written warning, but next time it might be dismissal. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence contrasts **开除** with a lesser punishment, highlighting its position at the top of the disciplinary ladder. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common mistake English speakers make is confusing **开除 (kāichú)** with being laid off or with more casual forms of firing. +
-  *   **开除 (kāichú) vs. 裁员 (cáiyuán) - Firing vs. Layoffs:** +
-    *   **开除 (kāichú)** implies the employee is at **fault**. It is a punishment for wrongdoing. +
-    *   **裁员 (cáiyuán)** means "to lay off staff" for economic reasons or restructuring. It is not the employee's fault. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** 公司经济不好，**开除**了五十名员工。 (Gōngsī jīngjì bù hǎo, **kāichú** le wǔshí míng yuángōng.) +
-    *   **Why it's wrong:** This sentence incorrectly implies that 50 employees did something wrong to get fired. +
-    *   **Correct:** 公司经济不好，**裁**了五十名员工。 (Gōngsī jīngjì bù hǎo, **cái** le wǔshí míng yuángōng.) // (裁员 is often shortened to 裁 in speech) +
-  *   **开除 (kāichú) vs. 炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú) - Formal vs. Slang:** +
-    *   **开除 (kāichú)** is the formal, official term you'd see in a document. +
-    *   **炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú)**, literally "to fry squid," is a common slang expression for "to be fired." It's what people say in casual conversation. You would never see this term in a company contract. +
-    *   Example: 我被老板**炒鱿鱼**了！(Wǒ bèi lǎobǎn chǎo yóuyú le!) - I got fired by the boss! +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[炒鱿鱼]] (chǎo yóuyú) - The informal, common slang for "to fire someone." The opposite of formal. +
-  * [[解雇]] (jiěgù) - A formal term for "to dismiss" or "terminate employment." It is very similar to **开除**, but **开除** often carries a stronger connotation of expulsion and punishment. +
-  * [[裁员]] (cáiyuán) - To lay off employees, typically due to economic reasons (downsizing). This is not the employee's fault. +
-  * [[辞职]] (cízhí) - To resign or quit a job. This action is initiated by the employee. It's the opposite of being fired. +
-  * [[处分]] (chǔfèn) - A punishment; disciplinary action. **开除** is the most severe type of **处分**. +
-  * [[警告]] (jǐnggào) - A warning. A much less severe disciplinary action that might precede getting **开除**. +
-  * [[离职]] (lízhí) - A neutral, formal term meaning "to leave a job." It can cover resigning, being fired, or being laid off. +
-  * [[面子]] (miànzi) - The concept of "face," prestige, or social reputation, which is severely damaged when one is **开除**. +
-  * [[档案]] (dàng'àn) - A person's official, permanent record file in China. Being **开除** leaves a permanent negative mark in this file.+