忧郁

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忧郁 [2025/08/03 23:10] – 创建 xiaoer忧郁 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== yōuyù: 忧郁 (憂鬱) - Melancholy, Gloomy, Depressed ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** yōuyù, 忧郁, 憂鬱, Chinese for depression, melancholy in Chinese, gloomy in Chinese, sad vs depressed in Chinese, yōuyù meaning, Chinese word for gloomy, feeling down in Chinese, HSK 5 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the Chinese word **忧郁 (yōuyù)**, a term that goes beyond simple sadness to describe a deep, lingering state of melancholy, gloominess, or depression. This guide explores its cultural significance in Chinese literature, its modern use in describing moods and clinical depression (忧郁症), and how it differs from words like `难过 (nánguò)`. Perfect for learners wanting to express more nuanced emotions in Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** yōuyù +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective, Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A state of deep, lingering sadness, gloominess, or melancholy. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **忧郁 (yōuyù)** is not the word you use when you've had a bad day. It's a much deeper and more persistent feeling. Think of it as a heavy, gray cloud that settles over your mood for a longer period, sometimes without a clear reason. It can describe a melancholic personality (someone who is naturally a bit gloomy and thoughtful), a prolonged mood, or the clinical condition of depression. It's heavier and more chronic than being simply `难过 (nánguò)` (sad). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **忧 (yōu):** This character means "worry," "concern," or "anxiety." It's a combination of a head (页), a person (人), and a heart (心), vividly painting a picture of someone whose mind and heart are weighed down by worries. +
-  * **郁 (yù):** This character means "dense," "lush," or "pent-up." Imagine someone trapped in a dense, overgrown forest (a place 邑 with lots of trees 木). It suggests a feeling of being stifled, suffocated, or having one's emotions and energy trapped inside with no way out. +
-  * The two characters combine powerfully: **忧 (yōu)** brings the element of persistent worry, while **郁 (yù)** adds the feeling of that worry being trapped and festering inside. Together, **忧郁 (yōuyù)** perfectly captures the essence of melancholy or depression—a heavy, suffocating sadness. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-Historically, **忧郁 (yōuyù)** has held a complex and sometimes romanticized place in Chinese culture, particularly in literature and art. A certain "melancholic temperament" (忧郁的气质 - yōuyù de qìzhì) was often associated with scholars, poets, and artists. This wasn't necessarily a negative trait; it could imply sensitivity, depth of thought, and a creative soul. The famous Song dynasty poet Li Qingzhao, for instance, is renowned for her works filled with a profound sense of `忧愁` (a related concept). +
-This can be compared to the historical Western concept of "melancholy," which, before being purely medicalized, was one of the four temperaments and associated with artistic and intellectual brilliance. +
-In modern China, this traditional, poetic meaning still exists. Describing someone's eyes as `忧郁` can mean they look "brooding" or "soulful." However, the term has also taken on a critical modern role as the standard word for clinical depression: **忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)**. As awareness of mental health grows in China, `忧郁` is increasingly understood in this serious, medical context, bridging its ancient, literary roots with contemporary health discourse. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-`忧郁` is a versatile term, but its weight means it's used with more care than "sad." +
-  * **Describing a Mood:** You can use it to describe a persistent feeling of gloominess, often when the cause isn't simple or immediate. It implies a state that lasts for days or longer. +
-  * **Describing Personality/Aesthetics:** It's frequently used to describe a person's temperament, appearance, or the tone of art. A "melancholic prince" (忧郁王子) is a common archetype. A film or song can have a `忧郁` atmosphere. +
-  * **Formal/Clinical Context:** In a medical or psychological context, `忧郁` is the key term. **忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)** is the official diagnosis for major depressive disorder. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 最近天气一直不好，搞得我心情很**忧郁**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuìjìn tiānqì yīzhí bù hǎo, gǎo de wǒ xīnqíng hěn **yōuyù**. +
-    * English: The weather has been terrible lately, it's made me feel very gloomy. +
-    * Analysis: This shows `忧郁` used to describe a mood influenced by external factors (like weather) that lasts for a period of time. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 他那双**忧郁**的眼睛，好像藏着很多故事。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā nà shuāng **yōuyù** de yǎnjīng, hǎoxiàng cángzhe hěnduō gùshì. +
-    * English: His melancholic eyes look as if they're hiding many stories. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `忧郁` is used as an adjective to describe a physical feature, implying a deep, thoughtful, and perhaps sad personality. It has a slightly poetic or romantic connotation. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 经过治疗，他的**忧郁**情绪有了很大的好转。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jīngguò zhìliáo, tā de **yōuyù** qíngxù yǒu le hěn dà de hǎozhuǎn. +
-    * English: After receiving treatment, his depressive mood has greatly improved. +
-    * Analysis: This example uses `忧郁` in a more clinical sense, referring to a condition that requires treatment. `情绪 (qíngxù)` means "mood" or "emotion." +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 医生诊断他患上了严重的**忧郁症**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng zhěnduàn tā huàn shàng le yánzhòng de **yōuyùzhèng**. +
-    * English: The doctor diagnosed him with severe depression. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most direct and formal medical usage. **忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)** is the specific term for the clinical disorder. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 这部电影的色调和配乐都带有一种深深的**忧郁**感。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè bù diànyǐng de sèdiào hé pèiyuè dōu dài yǒu yī zhǒng shēnshēn de **yōuyù** gǎn. +
-    * English: The color palette and soundtrack of this movie both carry a deep sense of melancholy. +
-    * Analysis: `忧郁` is used here to describe the aesthetic or tone of a work of art. The suffix `感 (gǎn)` means "sense of" or "feeling of." +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 你为什么看起来这么**忧郁**？发生什么事了？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ wèishéme kàn qǐlái zhème **yōuyù**? Fāshēng shénme shì le? +
-    * English: Why do you look so gloomy/down? What happened? +
-    * Analysis: A common question to ask someone who appears to be in a prolonged state of sadness. It's a more concerned question than asking why someone is `难过 (nánguò)`. +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 失去了心爱的宠物后，她**忧郁**了很长一段时间。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shīqù le xīn'ài de chǒngwù hòu, tā **yōuyù** le hěn cháng yī duàn shíjiān. +
-    * English: After losing her beloved pet, she was depressed for a long time. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates how a specific event can trigger a long-lasting state of `忧郁`. The key is the duration ("a long time"). +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 有些人认为，一点点的**忧郁**能激发艺术家的创作灵感。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yǒuxiē rén rènwéi, yīdiǎndiǎn de **yōuyù** néng jīfā yìshùjiā de chuàngzuò línggǎn. +
-    * English: Some people believe that a little bit of melancholy can spark an artist's creative inspiration. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence reflects the cultural idea of `忧郁` being linked to creativity and artistic temperament. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 他性格内向，不爱说话，总是给人一种**忧郁**的感觉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā xìnggé nèixiàng, bù ài shuōhuà, zǒngshì gěi rén yī zhǒng **yōuyù** de gǎnjué. +
-    * English: He is introverted and doesn't like to talk, always giving people a feeling of melancholy. +
-    * Analysis: This links `忧郁` to a personality trait (`性格 - xìnggé`), not just a temporary mood. +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 如果你感到**忧郁**，多和朋友聊聊可能会好一些。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ gǎndào **yōuyù**, duō hé péngyǒu liáoliao kěnéng huì hǎo yīxiē. +
-    * English: If you are feeling depressed/gloomy, talking more with friends might help you feel a bit better. +
-    * Analysis: Practical advice that acknowledges `忧郁` as a serious state of mind that one might need help to overcome. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common mistake for learners is confusing **忧郁 (yōuyù)** with **难过 (nánguò)**. +
-  *   **`难过 (nánguò)`**: Means "sad" or "hard to bear." It's a direct emotional reaction to a specific, usually negative, event. It's temporary. +
-    *   //Example:// My dog ate my homework, so I'm sad. (我很难过 - Wǒ hěn nánguò). +
-  *   **`忧郁 (yōuyù)`**: A deeper, more chronic state of gloominess or melancholy. It might not have an obvious, single cause and it lingers. +
-    *   //Example:// For the past month, I've been feeling gloomy and unmotivated. (我有点忧郁 - Wǒ yǒudiǎn yōuyù). +
-**Incorrect Usage:** +
-`我考试没考好，我很**忧郁**。` (Wǒ kǎoshì méi kǎo hǎo, wǒ hěn yōuyù.) +
-  *   **Why it's wrong:** Failing one test causes immediate sadness, but not typically a state of clinical depression or deep melancholy. It's an overstatement. +
-  *   **Correct Usage:** +
-    `我考试没考好，我很难过。` (Wǒ kǎoshì méi kǎo hǎo, wǒ hěn nánguò.) +
-Think of it this way: `难过` is a rain shower, while `忧郁` is a long, foggy season. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * `[[忧郁症]] (yōuyùzhèng)` - Clinical depression. This is the specific medical term built from `忧郁`. +
-  * `[[难过]] (nánguò)` - Sad. The most common word for temporary sadness due to a specific event. It's much lighter than `忧郁`. +
-  * `[[伤心]] (shāngxīn)` - Heartbroken, grieved. Deeper than `难过`, implying a significant emotional wound, but still usually tied to a specific cause (like a breakup or a death). +
-  * `[[郁闷]] (yùmèn)` - Gloomy, pent-up, frustrated. Very similar to `忧郁`, but emphasizes the feeling of being stifled, bored, or frustrated by circumstances. You might feel `郁闷` because you're stuck at home on a rainy day. +
-  * `[[悲伤]] (bēishāng)` - Sorrowful, grieved. A more formal and literary term for deep sadness or grief. +
-  * `[[心情不好]] (xīnqíng bù hǎo)` - In a bad mood. A very general and colloquial way to say you're feeling down, without specifying the depth or reason. +
-  * `[[压抑]] (yāyì)` - Repressed, constrained. Describes the feeling of being held down or suppressed, either by external forces or internal feelings. This feeling can often lead to `忧郁`. +
-  * `[[愁]] (chóu)` - A deep, profound worry or sorrow. This is a very literary character often seen in poetry and idioms, representing a timeless, deep-seated sadness.+