急躁

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

急躁 [2025/08/05 01:29] – created xiaoer急躁 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
-====== jízào: 急躁 - Impatient, Impetuous, Irritable ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jizao, 急躁, jizao meaning, Chinese for impatient, impetuous in Chinese, irritable in Chinese, rash, hot-tempered, jizao vs zhaoji, Chinese culture patience, HSK 4 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning of **急躁 (jízào)**, a common Chinese adjective used to describe someone who is impatient, impetuous, and easily irritated. This comprehensive guide explores its cultural significance, contrasting with the Western "hustle" mindset, and provides practical examples for everyday conversation. Understand why being **急躁 (jízào)** is viewed negatively in Chinese culture and learn how to use it correctly to describe a temporary mood or a personality trait. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jízào +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Describes a state of being impatient, restless, and prone to acting rashly or becoming irritable. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **急躁 (jízào)** is more than just not wanting to wait. It's an internal state of agitation and a lack of composure. Imagine feeling so rushed and anxious that you can't think clearly, get easily annoyed with delays, and might make sloppy mistakes. It's the feeling of "I need this done NOW!" combined with a hot-tempered, restless energy. It almost always has a negative connotation. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **急 (jí):** This character means "urgent," "anxious," or "in a hurry." The top part can be associated with a person, and the bottom part, 心 (xīn), means "heart." So, **急 (jí)** fundamentally represents a feeling of urgency or anxiety in one's heart. +
-  * **躁 (zào):** This character means "restless," "agitated," or "impetuous." It's composed of the foot radical 足 (zú) on the left and 品 (pǐn) on the right. The foot radical strongly suggests physical restlessness—fidgeting, pacing, or an inability to stay still. +
-  * Together, **急躁 (jízào)** paints a vivid picture: a heart full of urgency (急) combined with a restless, agitated body (躁). This fusion creates the meaning of a person who is not only mentally impatient but also physically unable to be calm, leading to irritability and rash actions. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, patience (耐心 nàixīn) and composure (冷静 lěngjìng) are highly esteemed virtues. Traditional philosophies, from Daoism to Confucianism, emphasize balance, deliberation, and harmony. The idiom 三思而后行 (sān sī ér hòu xíng) - "think three times before acting" - perfectly encapsulates this value. +
-  * **急躁 (jízào)** is the direct antithesis of this ideal. It is seen as a sign of immaturity, a lack of self-control, and poor cultivation. A person who is **急躁 (jízào)** is considered unreliable because their impatience may lead them to make careless mistakes, overlook important details, or damage interpersonal relationships (关系 guānxi) by being irritable and difficult. +
-  * **Comparison to Western Culture:** While Western culture, particularly in American business, might sometimes praise a "sense of urgency" or a "move fast and break things" attitude, this is not what **急躁 (jízào)** means. A proactive and driven person is admired in both cultures. However, **急躁 (jízào)** implies that this urgency has curdled into a negative state of emotional agitation and poor judgment. It's the difference between being //efficiently quick// and being //hastily sloppy//. In China, maintaining a calm and thoughtful demeanor, even when under pressure, is far more respected. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Describing Personality:** It's frequently used to describe a person's general temperament. For example, "他性子很急躁 (tā xìngzi hěn jízào)" means "He has a very impatient/impetuous personality." +
-  * **Describing a Temporary State:** It can also describe a temporary mood. For instance, after a stressful day, someone might say, "对不起，我今天有点急躁 (duìbuqǐ, wǒ jīntiān yǒudiǎn jízào)," meaning "Sorry, I'm a bit on edge today." +
-  * **In the Workplace:** A manager might criticize an employee for being **急躁 (jízào)** if they rushed a project and made errors. "做事不能太急躁，要注重细节 (Zuòshì bùnéng tài jízào, yào zhùzhòng xìjié)" - "You can't be too impetuous when you work; you must pay attention to details." +
-  * **Connotation and Formality:** The connotation is always negative. It's a critique, whether gentle or harsh. It is used in both informal daily conversations and more formal settings like performance reviews. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 你别这么**急躁**，我们有的是时间，慢慢来。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bié zhème **jízào**, wǒmen yǒudeshì shíjiān, màn man lái. +
-    * English: Don't be so impatient. We have plenty of time, take it slow. +
-    * Analysis: This is common advice given to someone who is visibly agitated or rushing. "慢慢来 (màn man lái)" is the perfect antidote to a **急躁 (jízào)** state of mind. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 他性子很**急躁**，一遇到堵车就发脾气。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā xìngzi hěn **jízào**, yí yù dào dǔchē jiù fā píqì. +
-    * English: He has a very impetuous temperament; as soon as he hits a traffic jam, he loses his temper. +
-    * Analysis: This example links the personality trait of **急躁 (jízào)** to a specific, observable action (losing one's temper, 发脾气 fā píqì). +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 做决定前要冷静思考，**急躁**只会让你犯错。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuò juédìng qián yào lěngjìng sīkǎo, **jízào** zhǐ huì ràng nǐ fàncuò. +
-    * English: Before making a decision, you need to think calmly; being rash will only make you make mistakes. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the negative consequences of being **急躁 (jízào)**, framing it as the opposite of "calm thinking" (冷静思考 lěngjìng sīkǎo). +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 经理批评了他，说他工作态度**急躁**，不仔细。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jīnglǐ pīpíngle tā, shuō tā gōngzuò tàidù **jízào**, bù zǐxì. +
-    * English: The manager criticized him, saying his work attitude was impetuous and not careful. +
-    * Analysis: A classic example of using **急躁 (jízào)** in a professional context. It's often paired with a lack of care or detail-orientation (不仔细 bù zǐxì). +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 随着年龄的增长，他的脾气不再那么**急躁**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Suízhe niánlíng de zēngzhǎng, tā de píqì bù zài nàme **jízào** le. +
-    * English: As he got older, his temper was no longer so irritable. +
-    * Analysis: This shows that **急躁 (jízào)** is a trait that can change over time, often associated with gaining the wisdom and patience of age. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 我知道我不该**急躁**，但我真的很担心考试结果。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zhīdào wǒ bù gāi **jízào**, dàn wǒ zhēn de hěn dānxīn kǎoshì jiéguǒ. +
-    * English: I know I shouldn't be on edge, but I'm really worried about the exam results. +
-    * Analysis: This is a good example of self-awareness. The speaker acknowledges that their worry (担心 dānxīn) is causing them to be **急躁 (jízào)**. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 看到项目进展缓慢，他变得**急躁**起来。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kàn dào xiàngmù jìnzhǎn huǎnmàn, tā biàn dé **jízào** qǐlái. +
-    * English: Seeing the project's slow progress, he became impatient and agitated. +
-    * Analysis: The structure "变得...起来 (biàn dé... qǐlái)" indicates a change of state. He wasn't **急躁 (jízào)** before, but the situation made him become so. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 学习一门新语言需要耐心，不能**急躁**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán xūyào nàixīn, bùnéng **jízào**. +
-    * English: Learning a new language requires patience; you can't be impetuous. +
-    * Analysis: This is direct advice for language learners, perfectly illustrating the cultural value of patience (耐心 nàixīn) over impatience (**急躁**). +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 别催他，他一被人催就会很**急躁**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bié cuī tā, tā yī bèi rén cuī jiù huì hěn **jízào**. +
-    * English: Don't rush him; he gets very irritable as soon as someone pressures him. +
-    * Analysis: This shows a cause-and-effect relationship. The action of "rushing/pressuring" (催 cuī) someone leads to the state of **急躁 (jízào)**. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 这个孩子有点**急躁**，做什么事都想立刻看到结果。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège háizi yǒudiǎn **jízào**, zuò shénme shì dōu xiǎng lìkè kàn dào jiéguǒ. +
-    * English: This child is a bit impetuous; whatever he does, he wants to see the results immediately. +
-    * Analysis: A perfect description of the core meaning of **急躁 (jízào)**—an inability to wait and a demand for instant gratification. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`急躁 (jízào)` vs. `着急 (zháojí)` - The Most Common Pitfall:** +
-    * **着急 (zháojí):** This means "to be worried" or "to feel anxious" about a //specific thing//. It's a temporary feeling, an internal state of worry. +
-    * **急躁 (jízào):** This is the //behavioral manifestation// of impatience and irritability. It's how you act when you can't control your anxiety. +
-    * **Key Difference:** You can be **着急 (zháojí)** without being **急躁 (jízào)**. For example, you can be worried (着急) about being late for a flight, but you remain calm and methodically pack your bags. If, however, your worry causes you to start yelling, throwing things in your suitcase carelessly, and getting angry at everyone, you have become **急躁 (jízào)**. +
-    * **Incorrect Usage:** //"I'm so **急躁 (jízào)** about my exam tomorrow!"// (Incorrect) +
-    * **Correct Usage:** //"I'm so **着急 (zháojí)** about my exam tomorrow!"// +
-    * **Correct Usage:** //"He was so **着急 (zháojí)** about the exam that he became very **急躁 (jízào)** and couldn't study effectively."// +
-  * **`急躁 (jízào)` vs. "Impatient":** While "impatient" is the closest translation, **急躁 (jízào)** carries a stronger negative connotation of irritability and a lack of self-control. In English, you can be "impatient for Christmas to arrive" in an excited, positive way. You would never use **急躁 (jízào)** to describe positive anticipation; it always implies a negative, agitated state. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[耐心]] (nàixīn) - The direct antonym: patience; the virtue of being able to wait calmly. +
-  * [[着急]] (zháojí) - A related feeling: anxious or worried about a specific outcome. Often the root cause of becoming **急躁 (jízào)**. +
-  * [[冷静]] (lěngjìng) - An antonym: calm, cool-headed, composed. The ideal state to be in, as opposed to **急躁 (jízào)**. +
-  * [[烦躁]] (fánzào) - A very similar term, meaning vexed, annoyed, or irritable. **烦躁 (fánzào)** focuses more on the internal feeling of annoyance and agitation, while **急躁 (jízào)** often implies an outward display of impetuous action. +
-  * [[冲动]] (chōngdòng) - A related action: impulsive, an impulse. Being **急躁 (jízào)** often leads to **冲动 (chōngdòng)** behavior. +
-  * [[毛躁]] (máozào) - A similar term meaning careless, sloppy, or forgetful, often as a result of being in a hurry. It emphasizes the lack of quality in one's actions due to haste. +
-  * [[沉不住气]] (chén bu zhù qì) - A common idiom meaning "unable to keep one's cool" or "impatient." It's a very descriptive way to say someone is **急躁 (jízào)**. +
-  * [[脾气]] (píqì) - Temper, temperament. A **急躁 (jízào)** person is often described as having a bad **脾气 (píqì)**.+