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-====== dǎng jiǔ: 挡酒 - To Drink on Someone's Behalf, To Block a Drink ======
-===== Quick Summary =====
-  * **Keywords:** dang jiu, 挡酒, drink on someone's behalf Chinese, Chinese drinking culture, taking a drink for someone, how to refuse a drink in China, Chinese banquet culture, jiuzhuo wenhua, 挡酒 meaning, blocking a drink for a boss
-  * **Summary:** In Chinese culture, **挡酒 (dǎng jiǔ)** is the important social act of intercepting and drinking an alcoholic beverage on behalf of someone else, typically a boss, client, or friend. This practice is a cornerstone of Chinese drinking culture (酒桌文化, jiǔzhuō wénhuà), often seen at business banquets and social gatherings. Understanding how to **挡酒** is crucial for navigating complex social dynamics, as it can be used to show loyalty, protect a superior, or simply care for a friend who cannot or should not drink more.
-===== Core Meaning =====
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** dǎng jiǔ
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb Phrase (functions as a verb)
-  * **HSK Level:** N/A
-  * **Concise Definition:** To block (intercept) and drink an alcoholic beverage intended for another person.
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Imagine you're at a business dinner in China. A client keeps toasting your boss, who is starting to look unwell. You step forward, raise your glass, and say, "My boss can't drink anymore, I'll take this one for him!" That action is **挡酒**. It's a strategic social move that translates to "blocking the alcohol." It's a way to protect someone, show loyalty, and manage the social obligations of drinking without causing anyone to lose face.
-===== Character Breakdown =====
-  * **挡 (dǎng):** This character means "to block," "to obstruct," or "to ward off." The left part is the hand radical (扌), indicating an action done with the hand. You can picture a hand physically stopping something.
-  * **酒 (jiǔ):** This is the character for "alcohol," "liquor," or "wine." The three dots on the left (氵) are the water radical, signifying a liquid.
-  * Together, **挡酒 (dǎng jiǔ)** literally and vividly means "to block the alcohol." The characters combine to paint a clear picture of the action: physically stepping in to intercept a drink for someone else.
-===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
-  * **The World of 酒桌文化 (jiǔzhuō wénhuà - Banquet Culture):** The concept of **挡酒** is inseparable from China's "banquet culture" or "drinking-table culture." At many business dinners and formal gatherings, drinking is not just for fun; it's a ritual for building relationships (关系, guānxi), showing respect, and closing deals. Refusing a toast from a superior or a client can be seen as disrespectful and cause them to lose face (面子, miànzi). **挡酒** provides a clever solution to this dilemma. A subordinate can absorb the "hit," allowing the senior person to maintain their health and sobriety while still honoring the social contract of the toast.
-  * **Western Comparison: "Taking One for the Team":** An English speaker might equate **挡酒** with "taking one for the team." While there's a similarity in the spirit of sacrifice, the two concepts are culturally distinct. "Taking one for the team" is usually about sharing a general, unpleasant burden among equals. **挡酒**, however, is almost always hierarchical or protective. It's not about sharing the burden of getting drunk; it's about a specific person (often lower in status) protecting another specific person (often higher in status or unable to drink). The act reinforces social structures rather than leveling them.
-  * **Underlying Values:** The act of **挡酒** highlights several key Chinese cultural values:
-    * **Hierarchy and Respect:** A junior employee **挡酒** for a manager to show deference and loyalty.
-    * **Collectivism:** The individual (the subordinate) sacrifices their own well-being (by drinking more) for the good of the team leader and, by extension, the company or group.
-    * **Face (面子, miànzi):** It's a masterful way to manage face. The person being toasted doesn't lose face by refusing a drink. The person toasting doesn't lose face by having their toast rejected. And the person who does the **挡酒** gains face by appearing loyal and capable.
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
-  * **Business Banquets:** This is the most common and high-stakes environment for **挡酒**. A young employee with a high alcohol tolerance (酒量, jiǔliàng) who is skilled at **挡酒** can be seen as a valuable asset. It's a way to perform loyalty and prove one's commitment. A typical phrase would be, "王总, 您随意, 我替您干了！" (Wáng zǒng, nín suíyì, wǒ tì nín gān le! - Director Wang, please drink as you wish, I will drink this for you!).
-  * **Social and Family Gatherings:** Among friends, **挡酒** is less about hierarchy and more about genuine care. If a friend is feeling sick, is a designated driver, or simply has a low alcohol tolerance, another friend might step in to **挡酒** for them when someone tries to pressure them to drink (劝酒, quàn jiǔ). A boyfriend might also **挡酒** for his girlfriend as a protective and caring gesture.
-  * **Connotation:** The act itself is neutral, but its context gives it a strong positive or negative flavor.
-    * **Positive:** When done out of genuine care or loyalty, it's seen as a noble and impressive act.
-    * **Negative:** It is also a symbol of the immense social pressure and unhealthy aspects of China's drinking culture. Many young people resent the expectation that they must damage their health by **挡酒** to get ahead in their careers.
-===== Example Sentences =====
-  * **Example 1:**
-    * 他酒量很好，每次聚餐都帮老板**挡酒**。
-    * Pinyin: Tā jiǔliàng hěn hǎo, měi cì jùcān dōu bāng lǎobǎn **dǎng jiǔ**.
-    * English: His alcohol tolerance is very good; he helps his boss drink on his behalf at every dinner party.
-    * Analysis: This is a classic example of a loyal subordinate in a business context. It's presented as a positive trait.
-  * **Example 2:**
-    * 你别劝她了，她不会喝酒，这杯我帮她**挡**了。
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bié quàn tā le, tā bù huì hējiǔ, zhè bēi wǒ bāng tā **dǎng** le.
-    * English: Stop pressuring her, she can't drink. I'll block this one for her.
-    * Analysis: Here, **挡酒** is shortened to just **挡 (dǎng)**, which is very common in speech. This shows a protective, friendly context.
-  * **Example 3:**
-    * 昨晚为了签合同，我给客户**挡**了好多酒，今天头疼死了。
-    * Pinyin: Zuówǎn wèile qiān hétóng, wǒ gěi kèhù **dǎng** le hǎoduō jiǔ, jīntiān tóuténg sǐ le.
-    * English: Last night, in order to sign the contract, I drank so much alcohol for the client. My head is killing me today.
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the negative consequences and pressure associated with **挡酒** in a business setting.
-  * **Example 4:**
-    * 我女朋友酒精过敏，所以每次出去我都要替她**挡酒**。
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ nǚpéngyǒu jiǔjīng guòmǐn, suǒyǐ měi cì chūqù wǒ dōu yào tì tā **dǎng jiǔ**.
-    * English: My girlfriend is allergic to alcohol, so every time we go out I have to drink for her.
-    * Analysis: This shows **挡酒** as an act of care in a romantic relationship.
-  * **Example 5:**
-    * 在中国的酒桌上，会不会**挡酒**很重要。
-    * Pinyin: Zài Zhōngguó de jiǔzhuō shàng, huì bù huì **dǎng jiǔ** hěn zhòngyào.
-    * English: At the Chinese dinner table, knowing how to drink on someone's behalf is very important.
-    * Analysis: This sentence directly states the cultural importance of the skill.
-  * **Example 6:**
-    * 李经理，您身体不好，这杯酒我来**挡**吧！
-    * Pinyin: Lǐ jīnglǐ, nín shēntǐ bù hǎo, zhè bēi jiǔ wǒ lái **dǎng** ba!
-    * English: Manager Li, you're not well, let me block this drink for you!
-    * Analysis: A polite and respectful way for a subordinate to offer to **挡酒**. Using "您 (nín)" shows respect.
-  * **Example 7:**
-    * 他太实在了，别人敬酒他一杯都不**挡**，结果喝醉了。
-    * Pinyin: Tā tài shízài le, biérén jìngjiǔ tā yī bēi dōu bù **dǎng**, jiéguǒ hē zuì le.
-    * English: He's too earnest, when others toast him he doesn't block a single cup, and as a result, he got drunk.
-    * Analysis: This example uses the negative form, "不挡酒 (bù dǎng jiǔ)," to mean someone accepts every single drink. It implies he's not being strategic.
-  * **Example 8:**
-    * 今晚谁也别想给我灌酒，我也没人给**挡酒**。
-    * Pinyin: Jīnwǎn shéi yě bié xiǎng gěi wǒ guànjiǔ, wǒ yě méi rén gěi **dǎng jiǔ**.
-    * English: Tonight nobody better try to force drinks on me, and I don't have anyone to block drinks for me either.
-    * Analysis: This shows a person setting boundaries, acknowledging both the pressure to drink (灌酒, guànjiǔ) and the lack of a protector to **挡酒**.
-  * **Example 9:**
-    * 小张，你酒量大，待会儿记得帮我**挡**一下啊。
-    * Pinyin: Xiǎo Zhāng, nǐ jiǔliàng dà, dāihuìr jìde bāng wǒ **dǎng** yīxià a.
-    * English: Xiao Zhang, you have a high alcohol tolerance, remember to help me block a few drinks later.
-    * Analysis: A direct request for help. This would typically be said between people with a close relationship, like a boss to a trusted subordinate, or between good friends.
-  * **Example 10:**
-    * **挡酒**虽然能表现忠心，但对身体的伤害太大了。
-    * Pinyin: **Dǎng jiǔ** suīrán néng biǎoxiàn zhōngxīn, dàn duì shēntǐ de shānghài tài dà le.
-    * English: Although drinking for others can show loyalty, the damage to one's health is too great.
-    * Analysis: This sentence provides a critical perspective on the practice, acknowledging its social function while pointing out its significant downside.
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
-  * **Mistake 1: Thinking it's just "cheers-ing" together.**
-    * The core of **挡酒** is interception and substitution. You are not drinking //with// the person; you are drinking //instead of// them. It's a specific response to a toast (敬酒, jìng jiǔ) directed at someone else. Simply drinking a lot at a party is not **挡酒**.
-  * **Mistake 2: Intervening at the wrong time.**
-    * **挡酒** is an art. If a very important person is toasting your boss, your boss may be //expected// to drink personally to show sincerity. If you jump in too quickly to **挡酒**, you could inadvertently insult the toaster and make your boss lose face. You must learn to "read the room" (看眼色, kàn yǎnsè).
-  * **False Friend: "Designated Driver"**
-    * A Western designated driver's role is to //abstain// from alcohol entirely to ensure everyone's safety.
-    * The role of someone who does **挡酒** is to //consume// alcohol specifically to protect an individual's social standing or well-being. The goals are vaguely similar (protection), but the actions are opposite.
-===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
-  * **[[酒桌文化]] (jiǔzhuō wénhuà)** - The entire set of rituals and etiquette surrounding drinking at banquets; the environment where **挡酒** occurs.
-  * **[[敬酒]] (jìng jiǔ)** - To toast; to formally offer a drink to someone as a sign of respect. This action often triggers the need for **挡酒**.
-  * **[[劝酒]] (quàn jiǔ)** - To urge or pressure someone to drink. This is the more aggressive version of toasting that makes **挡酒** a necessary defensive move.
-  * **[[拼酒]] (pīn jiǔ)** - To have a drinking competition; to see who can drink more. This is about rivalry, whereas **挡酒** is about protection.
-  * **[[干杯]] (gān bēi)** - "Cheers!" or literally, "dry glass." The common conclusion to a toast.
-  * **[[酒量]] (jiǔliàng)** - Alcohol tolerance/capacity. A person with a large **酒量** is considered a valuable asset for **挡酒**.
-  * **[[关系]] (guānxi)** - Social connections and relationships. **挡酒** is a powerful tool for building and strengthening **关系**.
-  * **[[面子]] (miànzi)** - "Face"; social prestige and reputation. The entire ritual of toasting and **挡酒** is a delicate dance to give and save **面子** for everyone involved.