揭发

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揭发 [2025/08/12 08:18] – created xiaoer揭发 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jiēfā: 揭发 - To Expose, Unmask, Denounce ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jiefa, 揭发, expose Chinese, unmask Chinese, blow the whistle in Chinese, report a crime Chinese, Chinese word for denounce, jiefa meaning, whistleblowing, corruption, scandal. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn how to use the powerful Chinese verb "揭发" (jiēfā), which means to expose, unmask, or denounce wrongdoing. This page covers its meaning, cultural significance, and practical use in modern China, contrasting it with "whistleblowing" in the West. It's an essential term for understanding discussions about justice, corruption, and scandals in Chinese society. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jiēfā +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To expose or bring to light someone's crime, secret, or wrongdoing. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of "揭发" (jiēfā) as pulling back a curtain to reveal something bad that someone was trying to hide. It’s an active, serious word used when you expose a crime, a scandal, or a major ethical breach. It carries a heavy weight and is almost always about revealing negative information with the intent of bringing about justice or consequences. It's the word for a whistleblower exposing a company's fraud or a journalist unmasking a corrupt official. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **揭 (jiē):** To uncover, to lift, to take off. The radical on the left, 扌(shǒu), is the "hand" radical, indicating an action. This character paints a picture of using your hand to lift a lid or peel back a layer to see what's underneath. +
-  * **发 (fā):** To send out, to issue, to make public. This character implies broadcasting or releasing something for others to know. +
-  * **Combined Meaning:** The two characters create a vivid image: "to lift the cover and send it out" (揭发). This combination perfectly captures the idea of taking a hidden, negative secret and making it public knowledge. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-"揭发" (jiēfā) is a word deeply embedded in the modern Chinese social and political consciousness. While its direct translation is "to expose," its cultural weight is far heavier. +
-Historically, the term is strongly associated with political campaigns in 20th-century China, particularly the Cultural Revolution, where individuals were often pressured or forced to "揭发" family members, friends, and colleagues for perceived political disloyalty. This has left a complex legacy where the act of `揭发` can be seen as both a civic duty and a profound betrayal. +
-A useful Western comparison is **"whistleblowing,"** but they are not identical. +
-  *   **Whistleblowing** in the West is often framed within a legal and institutional context (e.g., whistleblower protection laws). While still a difficult act, there's an established concept of it being a protected, civic good. +
-  *   **揭发 (jiēfā)** in China can feel more personal and carries a different social risk. Depending on who is being exposed and by whom, the person doing the "揭发" can be hailed as a hero of the people or condemned as a traitor who broke the bonds of trust and `关系 (guānxì)`. The decision to `揭发` often involves a difficult moral calculation between loyalty to an individual/small group and a perceived duty to the collective or to justice. +
-This tension makes `揭发` a powerful and dramatic concept in Chinese news, film, and literature. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-"揭发" is a formal and serious term. You would not use it for trivial matters. +
-  *   **In the News and Legal Contexts:** This is where you will see `揭发` most often. It's the standard term for reporting on someone exposing corruption, crime, or scandals. +
-  * Example: `揭发腐败 (jiēfā fǔbài)` - to expose corruption. +
-  * Example: `揭发丑闻 (jiēfā chǒuwén)` - to expose a scandal. +
-  *   **In the Workplace:** It is used for serious misconduct. An employee who exposes major fraud or safety violations by their company is said to `揭发` the company. +
-  *   **Connotation:** The connotation is almost always negative for the person or entity being exposed. For the person doing the exposing, their action can be viewed as either heroic and brave (if exposing a genuine evil) or treacherous and disloyal (if breaking a trusted relationship). The context is everything. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他勇敢地向媒体**揭发**了这家工厂的污染问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā yǒnggǎn de xiàng méitǐ **jiēfā** le zhè jiā gōngchǎng de wūrǎn wèntí. +
-    * English: He bravely exposed the factory's pollution problems to the media. +
-    * Analysis: This shows a classic use of `揭发` where an individual acts as a whistleblower to bring a serious issue to public attention. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这位记者因为**揭发**官员腐败而获得了新闻奖。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè wèi jìzhě yīnwèi **jiēfā** guānyuán fǔbài ér huòdé le xīnwén jiǎng. +
-    * English: This journalist won a press award for exposing official corruption. +
-    * Analysis: Here, the act of `揭发` is framed as a positive, award-winning achievement. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 如果你不停止，我就会去**揭发**你的罪行！ +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ bù tíngzhǐ, wǒ jiù huì qù **jiēfā** nǐ de zuìxíng! +
-    * English: If you don't stop, I will go and expose your crimes! +
-    * Analysis: This is a direct threat, using `揭发` to show the seriousness of the speaker's intent to bring about legal or social consequences. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 他的阴谋最终被知情人**揭发**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de yīnmóu zuìzhōng bèi zhīqíngrén **jiēfā** le. +
-    * English: His conspiracy was finally exposed by an insider. +
-    * Analysis: The passive voice with `被 (bèi)` is very common with `揭发`, emphasizing that the hidden secret was brought to light. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我们应该鼓励人们匿名**揭发**不法行为。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yīnggāi gǔlì rénmen nìmíng **jiēfā** bùfǎ xíngwéi. +
-    * English: We should encourage people to anonymously expose illegal activities. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights a common method associated with `揭发`—anonymity—to reduce the personal risk involved. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 她害怕被**揭发**，所以一直生活在恐惧中。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā hàipà bèi **jiēfā**, suǒyǐ yīzhí shēnghuó zài kǒngjù zhōng. +
-    * English: She was afraid of being exposed, so she lived in constant fear. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence focuses on the perspective of the person with a secret, showing the negative consequence they fear. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 这本书**揭发**了许多不为人知的历史真相。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè běn shū **jiēfā** le xǔduō bùwéirénzhī de lìshǐ zhēnxiàng. +
-    * English: This book exposed many unknown historical truths. +
-    * Analysis: `揭发` can also be used for uncovering non-criminal secrets, as long as they were deliberately hidden or suppressed. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 在法庭上，证人**揭发**了被告的谎言。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài fǎtíng shàng, zhèngrén **jiēfā** le bèigào de huǎngyán. +
-    * English: In court, the witness exposed the defendant's lies. +
-    * Analysis: A very formal and legalistic context for using `揭发`. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 他决定**揭发**整个事件的幕后黑手。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā juédìng **jiēfā** zhěnggè shìjiàn de mùhòu hēishǒu. +
-    * English: He decided to expose the mastermind behind the whole incident. +
-    * Analysis: `幕后黑手 (mùhòu hēishǒu)`, literally "the black hand behind the curtain," is a common term for a hidden manipulator, and is a perfect object for the verb `揭发`. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 互相**揭发**是那个时代的悲剧。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hùxiāng **jiēfā** shì nàge shídài de bēijù. +
-    * English: Mutual denunciation was a tragedy of that era. +
-    * Analysis: This directly references the historical and cultural weight of the term, particularly its use during tumultuous political periods. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-A common mistake for learners is to use `揭发` for any kind of revealing. It is specifically for **wrongdoing**. +
-  *   **`揭发 (jiēfā)` vs. `透露 (tòulù)` (to disclose/reveal)** +
-    *   `透露` is neutral. It's for sharing information that was previously private but not necessarily bad. +
-    *   **Correct:** 他向我透露了一个秘密。 (Tā xiàng wǒ tòulù le yí ge mìmì.) - He revealed a secret to me. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** 他向我**揭发**了一个秘密。 // This sounds like the secret was a crime. If you're just revealing the time for a surprise party, this is wrong. +
-  *   **`揭发 (jiēfā)` vs. `报告 (bàogào)` (to report)** +
-    *   `报告` is a neutral, often procedural, act of informing an authority. You can report progress, report an issue, or report data. +
-    *   `揭发` is the specific act of reporting **misconduct** to expose it. +
-    *   **Correct:** 我需要向老板报告这个项目的进度。 (Wǒ xūyào xiàng lǎobǎn bàogào zhège xiàngmù de jìndù.) - I need to report the project's progress to my boss. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** 我需要向老板**揭发**这个项目的进度。 // This makes no sense. You can't "expose" progress. You could, however, `向老板揭发项目中的贪污行为` (expose the corruption within the project to the boss). +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[举报]] (jǔbào) - To report (an offense) to the authorities. Very similar to `揭发`, but `举报` emphasizes the formal action of reporting to police, a hotline, or a commission. `揭发` focuses more on the act of making the secret public. +
-  * [[告发]] (gàofā) - To accuse or inform against someone, typically in a legal context. It's more formal and has a stronger legal flavor than `揭发`. +
-  * [[揭露]] (jiēlù) - To reveal or unmask. A very close synonym. `揭露` can be used for a slightly broader range of hidden things, including social phenomena or truths that aren't necessarily crimes, whereas `揭发` is almost always tied to a person's wrongdoing. +
-  * [[曝光]] (bàoguāng) - Literally "exposure (to light)." A media buzzword for when a scandal is exposed in the news, especially on a large scale. Think "media exposure." +
-  * [[出卖]] (chūmài) - To betray or sell out. This term captures the potential negative social perception of `揭发`, focusing on the breach of trust rather than the pursuit of justice. +
-  * [[腐败]] (fǔbài) - Corruption. This is one of the most common things to be `揭发`ed. +
-  * [[丑闻]] (chǒuwén) - A scandal. The public result of a successful `揭发`. +
-  * [[ whistleblower ]] - While not a Chinese term, understanding "whistleblower" (吹哨人 - chuīshàorén) is key. `吹哨人` is a more recent, borrowed term, while `揭发者` (jiēfāzhě - one who exposes) is the more traditional term.+