收据

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收据 [2025/08/11 11:48] – created xiaoer收据 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== shōujù: 收据 - Receipt, Proof of Payment ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 收据, shōujù, Chinese receipt, what is a shouju, proof of payment in China, receipt vs fapiao, Chinese for receipt, get a receipt in China, business reimbursement China, shopping in China. +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese word **收据 (shōujù)** translates to "receipt" and serves as a basic proof of payment. While essential for personal record-keeping, it's crucial for learners to understand its distinction from the official tax invoice, the **发票 (fāpiào)**. This page will guide you on what a shōujù is, when to use it, and why confusing it with a fāpiào is a common mistake for foreigners in China, especially in business contexts. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** shōu jù +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A written acknowledgment that a sum of money has been paid or received. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** A **收据 (shōujù)** is the simple, informal proof of a transaction, much like a cash register slip or a handwritten note from a landlord confirming you paid rent. It proves that money changed hands between you and the seller. However, it is not an official government-registered tax document and generally cannot be used for business expense claims. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **收 (shōu):** The primary meaning is "to receive," "to accept," or "to collect." You can think of it as a hand reaching out to accept something. +
-  * **据 (jù):** This character means "evidence," "proof," or "basis." It's composed of the "hand" radical (扌) and a phonetic component, suggesting something you hold onto as proof. +
-  * **Combined Meaning:** When you put them together, **收据 (shōujù)** literally means "receiving-proof" or "evidence of receipt." It’s a very logical and descriptive name for the document's function. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The most important cultural and practical point about a **收据 (shōujù)** is what it is *not*. In Western cultures, a single "receipt" usually serves all purposes: personal records, returns, and business expense reports. In China, this is not the case. +
-The key distinction is between a **收据 (shōujù)** and a **发票 (fāpiào)**. +
-  *   **收据 (shōujù):** An informal proof of payment between two parties. It has no tax implications and is not tracked by the government. Think of it as a simple "I Owe You" but for a completed payment. It's often handwritten for things like a rental deposit or issued by small vendors who are not equipped to provide official invoices. +
-  *   **发票 (fāpiào):** An official, government-printed and regulated invoice that serves as both a proof of payment and a tax document. Businesses use these to record revenue and pay taxes. Consumers and employees **must** have a fāpiào to claim business expenses for reimbursement. +
-This distinction creates a common and important interaction in daily life. For any significant purchase (a business dinner, a computer, a taxi ride for work), it is standard practice to explicitly ask for a fāpiào by saying **“我要发票” (Wǒ yào fāpiào)**. Simply getting a **shōujù** will not be sufficient for official purposes, a hard lesson many foreigners learn when they submit their expense reports. This system is a core part of China's tax infrastructure and business etiquette. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-You will encounter **收据 (shōujù)** in several common situations: +
-  *   **Rental Deposits:** When you pay a security deposit (押金, yājīn) for an apartment, your landlord will almost always give you a handwritten **收据 (shōujù)**. You must keep this safe to get your deposit back. +
-  *   **Small Vendors and Markets:** Small street vendors or stalls in a market might give you a simple **收据** if you ask for proof of purchase, as they are often not registered to issue official fāpiào. +
-  *   **Informal Services:** Paying for a private tutoring session or a small repair job might result in a **shōujù**. +
-  *   **Placeholder:** Occasionally, a larger business might be temporarily unable to issue a fāpiào and will give you a **shōujù** first, which you can later exchange for the official fāpiào. +
-The key takeaway is its informality. If the transaction has any official, business, or tax implication, you need more than a **shōujù**. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 老板，麻烦给我开一张**收据**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǎobǎn, máfan gěi wǒ kāi yī zhāng **shōujù**. +
-    * English: Boss, could you please issue me a receipt? +
-    * Analysis: This is a polite and common way to ask for a basic receipt from a small shop owner. **开 (kāi)** is the verb "to open" but here it means "to issue" or "to write out." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 请您保管好这张押金**收据**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Qǐng nín bǎoguǎn hǎo zhè zhāng yājīn **shōujù**. +
-    * English: Please keep this security deposit receipt in a safe place. +
-    * Analysis: This is what a landlord would say. **保管好 (bǎoguǎn hǎo)** means "to take good care of." **张 (zhāng)** is the measure word for flat objects like paper. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 对不起，只有**收据**不能报销。 +
-    * Pinyin: Duìbuqǐ, zhǐyǒu **shōujù** bùnéng bàoxiāo. +
-    * English: Sorry, you can't get reimbursed with only a receipt. +
-    * Analysis: This is a sentence you might hear from your company's finance department. It highlights the core difference between a shōujù and a fāpiào for business purposes. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 我把买电脑的**收据**弄丢了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ bǎ mǎi diànnǎo de **shōujù** nòng diū le. +
-    * English: I lost the receipt for the computer I bought. +
-    * Analysis: The **把 (bǎ)** construction is used here to emphasize the object (the receipt) being acted upon ("lost"). **弄丢了 (nòng diū le)** is a common way to say "lost something through carelessness." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 这是一张手写的**收据**，你看可以吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè shì yī zhāng shǒuxiě de **shōujù**, nǐ kàn kěyǐ ma? +
-    * English: This is a handwritten receipt, is that okay? +
-    * Analysis: **手写 (shǒuxiě)** means handwritten. This confirms the informal nature of the document. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * **收据**上写明了付款日期和金额。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Shōujù** shàng xiěmíng le fùkuǎn rìqī hé jīn'é. +
-    * English: The receipt clearly states the payment date and amount. +
-    * Analysis: **写明 (xiěmíng)** means "to write clearly" or "to specify." This sentence details the basic information found on a shōujù. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 付完款后，我拿到了一张**收据**和一张发票。 +
-    * Pinyin: Fù wán kuǎn hòu, wǒ nádào le yī zhāng **shōujù** hé yī zhāng fāpiào. +
-    * English: After paying, I received one receipt and one fapiao. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence directly compares the two. Sometimes a machine will print both: a simple credit card slip (**收据**) and the official invoice (**发票**). +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 如果没有**收据**，我们就没法给你退货。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ méiyǒu **shōujù**, wǒmen jiù méi fǎ gěi nǐ tuìhuò. +
-    * English: If you don't have the receipt, we can't give you a refund. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the most common use of a receipt in a personal retail context. **退货 (tuìhuò)** means "to return goods." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 我需要的是能报销的发票，不是这种普通的**收据**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ xūyào de shì néng bàoxiāo de fāpiào, bùshì zhè zhǒng pǔtōng de **shōujù**. +
-    * English: What I need is a fapiao that can be reimbursed, not this kind of ordinary receipt. +
-    * Analysis: A perfect, practical sentence for clarifying your needs in a business situation. **普通的 (pǔtōng de)** means "common" or "ordinary." +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 公司的规定是，一百块以下可以用**收据**，以上必须用发票。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī de guīdìng shì, yī bǎi kuài yǐxià kěyǐ yòng **shōujù**, yǐshàng bìxū yòng fāpiào. +
-    * English: The company rule is that for expenses under 100 yuan you can use a receipt, but for anything over you must use a fapiao. +
-    * Analysis: This illustrates a possible real-world company policy, showing that even a **shōujù** has its limited place in the business world. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-**The #1 Mistake: Confusing 收据 (shōujù) with 发票 (fāpiào)** +
-This is the most critical pitfall for any foreigner living, working, or traveling in China on business. +
-  *   **False Friend:** While "receipt" is the correct translation, the English word "receipt" implies it can be used for reimbursement. The Chinese **收据** cannot be. Think of **收据** as "proof of payment" and **发票** as "official tax invoice." +
-  *   **Incorrect Usage Example:** +
-    * //You just paid for a 500 RMB business dinner and the waiter gives you a simple cash register slip. You say:// +
-    * (Incorrect) 谢谢，这张**收据**就够了。 (Xièxiè, zhè zhāng **shōujù** jiù gòu le.) - "Thanks, this receipt is enough." +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** You have just accepted a document your company's finance department will reject. You will not be able to claim this 500 RMB expense. +
-  *   **Correct Approach:** +
-    * //The waiter gives you the simple slip.// +
-    * (Correct) 谢谢，但是请帮我开一张发票，我要报销。 (Xièxiè, dànshì qǐng bāng wǒ kāi yī zhāng fāpiào, wǒ yào bàoxiāo.) - "Thanks, but please help me issue a fapiao, I need it for reimbursement." +
-Always be explicit about needing a **发票 (fāpiào)** if the expense is for business. If it's for your own personal record, a **收据 (shōujù)** is perfectly fine. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[发票]] (fāpiào) - The crucial counterpart to a **收据**. It's the official, government-regulated tax invoice required for business reimbursement. +
-  * [[小票]] (xiǎopiào) - Literally "small slip." A very common, colloquial term for the long, thin receipt that comes out of a cash register. Often used interchangeably with **收据** in daily conversation. +
-  * [[报销]] (bàoxiāo) - To reimburse; to claim expenses. This is the verb that gives the **收据** vs. **发票** distinction its importance. +
-  * [[开]] (kāi) - The verb used for "issuing" documents. You can **开收据 (kāi shōujù)** or **开发票 (kāi fāpiào)**. +
-  * [[付款凭证]] (fùkuǎn píngzhèng) - A very formal term for "proof of payment." A **收据** is a type of **付款凭证**. +
-  * [[押金]] (yājīn) - Security deposit. You will almost certainly receive a **收据** when you pay this for an apartment or bike rental. +
-  * [[单据]] (dānjù) - A general, overarching term for any kind of document like a bill, receipt, or form. **收据** is a specific type of **单据**. +
-  * [[凭证]] (píngzhèng) - Proof, evidence, certificate. This is the more formal root word for the "proof" part of many official terms.+