政策

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

政策 [2025/08/10 02:54] – created xiaoer政策 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
-====== zhèngcè: 政策 - Policy ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** zhengce, 政策, what is zhengce, Chinese policy, China policy, government policy in Chinese, zhèngcè meaning, national policy, economic policy, HSK 4 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** **政策 (zhèngcè)** is the essential Chinese word for "policy," but it carries a significant weight, most often referring to official government plans, regulations, and national strategies. Understanding **zhèngcè** is crucial for anyone following Chinese news, business, or culture, as it reflects the top-down approach to governance that shapes nearly every aspect of life in modern China. From economic directives to social reforms, this term is key to comprehending the country's direction and development. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** zhèngcè +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A plan of action or set of principles adopted by a government, political party, or organization. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** While "policy" is the direct translation, **政策 (zhèngcè)** feels much more official and impactful than its English counterpart. Think of it as a formal directive or a strategic plan issued by an authority, especially the government. When you hear this word in China, it's rarely about a company's return policy; it's almost always about a significant plan that will affect a city, an industry, or the entire nation. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **政 (zhèng):** This character relates to politics, governance, and administration. It's composed of 正 (zhèng), meaning "correct" or "upright," and a radical (攵) that often implies action or control. So, you can think of 政 as "the correct actions of the state" or simply "governance." +
-  * **策 (cè):** This character means plan, scheme, or strategy. The bamboo radical (竹) at the top is a clue to its origin: plans and strategies were historically written on bamboo slips. +
-  * Together, **政策 (zhèngcè)** literally translates to "governance strategy" or "political plan," perfectly capturing its meaning as an official policy. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In China, **政策 (zhèngcè)** is a word of immense importance due to the country's centralized, top-down governance system. Major national policies are formulated by the central government in Beijing and are implemented across the country, often leading to rapid and widespread changes. Terms like "五年计划 (wǔnián jìhuà)" (Five-Year Plan) are famous examples of long-term national **政策**. +
-  * **Comparison to Western "Policy":** In the United States or Europe, the word "policy" can be quite broad. You can have a "store's return policy," a "company's work-from-home policy," or a "school's no-bullying policy." While the Chinese term can be used for a company (**公司政策**, gōngsī zhèngcè), its default, most powerful meaning is governmental. The process is also different. Western policy is often shaped by public debate, lobbying, and elections. In China, **政策** is more often presented as a decision from the leadership, which society is then expected to understand and follow. +
-  * This reflects a cultural value where the state is seen as the primary driver of progress and stability. Staying informed about the latest **政策** is not just for political analysts; it's a practical necessity for business owners, investors, parents, and almost everyone else. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **In the News:** This term is ubiquitous in Chinese news media (e.g., CCTV, Xinhua). Reports constantly discuss new **政策** related to the economy, technology, environment, or international relations. +
-  * **In Business:** Business leaders must pay close attention to **政策** changes. A new industrial or tax **政策** can create huge opportunities or significant challenges for a company overnight. +
-  * **In Daily Conversation:** People discuss how a new **政策**, like changes in housing regulations or education reforms, will affect their families and finances. For example, parents might anxiously discuss a new 教育政策 (jiàoyù zhèngcè - education policy). +
-  * **Formality and Connotation:** **政策** is a formal and neutral term. It simply describes a plan of action. The connotation (whether it's good or bad) depends entirely on the specific policy being discussed. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 政府最近出台了一项新的环保**政策**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ zuìjìn chūtái le yí xiàng xīn de huánbǎo **zhèngcè**. +
-    * English: The government recently introduced a new environmental policy. +
-    * Analysis: "出台 (chūtái)" is a verb often paired with **政策**, meaning "to introduce" or "to roll out" a new policy or law. This is a very common sentence structure found in news reports. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 这个**政策**对小企业有很大的影响。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège **zhèngcè** duì xiǎo qǐyè yǒu hěn dà de yǐngxiǎng. +
-    * English: This policy has a big impact on small businesses. +
-    * Analysis: The structure "对...有影响 (duì...yǒu yǐngxiǎng)" means "to have an impact on..." and is frequently used to discuss the consequences of a **政策**. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 我们必须遵守公司的**政策**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū zūnshǒu gōngsī de **zhèngcè**. +
-    * English: We must abide by the company's policies. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the use of **政策** in a non-governmental, corporate context. "遵守 (zūnshǒu)" means "to comply with" or "to abide by." +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 你了解中国的独生子女**政策**吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ liǎojiě Zhōngguó de dúshēngzǐnǚ **zhèngcè** ma? +
-    * English: Do you understand China's one-child policy? +
-    * Analysis: This refers to one of the most well-known Chinese policies of the 20th century, showing how specific policies become famous phrases themselves. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 新的税收**政策**将于下个月生效。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xīn de shuìshōu **zhèngcè** jiāng yú xià ge yuè shēngxiào. +
-    * English: The new tax policy will take effect next month. +
-    * Analysis: "生效 (shēngxiào)" means "to take effect" or "to become effective," a formal term used for laws and policies. +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 许多人正在讨论这项教育**政策**的利弊。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xǔduō rén zhèngzài tǎolùn zhè xiàng jiàoyù **zhèngcè** de lìbì. +
-    * English: Many people are discussing the pros and cons of this education policy. +
-    * Analysis: "利弊 (lìbì)" means "pros and cons" (literally "benefits and harms"). The measure word for 政策 is "项 (xiàng)." +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 制定一项好**政策**并不容易。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhìdìng yí xiàng hǎo **zhèngcè** bìng bù róngyì. +
-    * English: It is not easy to formulate a good policy. +
-    * Analysis: "制定 (zhìdìng)" is the verb for "to formulate" or "to draw up" a policy, law, or plan. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 这一**政策**旨在促进经济增长。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè yī **zhèngcè** zhǐ zài cùjìn jīngjì zēngzhǎng. +
-    * English: This policy aims to promote economic growth. +
-    * Analysis: "旨在 (zhǐ zài)" is a formal way to say "aims to" or "is intended to," perfect for describing the goal of a **政策**. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 我们需要根据国家**政策**调整我们的计划。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xūyào gēnjù guójiā **zhèngcè** tiáozhěng wǒmen de jìhuà. +
-    * English: We need to adjust our plans according to national policy. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the practical reality of aligning personal or business plans with government directives. +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 开放**政策**给中国带来了巨大的变化。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kāifàng **zhèngcè** gěi Zhōngguó dài lái le jùdà de biànhuà. +
-    * English: The "Open Door" policy brought enormous changes to China. +
-    * Analysis: Refers to the "改革开放 (gǎigé kāifàng)" or "Reform and Opening-Up" policy started in the late 1970s, a cornerstone of modern Chinese history. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Don't use it for personal "rules":** A common mistake for English speakers is to use **政策** for personal habits or minor rules. You would not say, "My policy is to not check emails on weekends." +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我的**政策**是周末不看邮件。 (Wǒ de **zhèngcè** shì zhōumò bú kàn yóujiàn.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我的**原则**是周末不看邮件。 (Wǒ de **yuánzé** shì zhōumò bú kàn yóujiàn.) - "My principle is..." +
-    * **Correct:** 我的**习惯**是周末不看邮件。 (Wǒ de **xíguàn** shì zhōumò bú kàn yóujiàn.) - "My habit is..." +
-  * **False Friend: "Insurance Policy":** The English phrase "insurance policy" refers to the specific contract or document you sign. In Chinese, this is **不是 (búshì)** **政策**. The correct term is **保单 (bǎodān)**. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我买了一份新的汽车**政策**。 +
-    * **Correct:** 我买了一份新的汽车**保单**。 (Wǒ mǎi le yí fèn xīn de qìchē **bǎodān**.) - "I bought a new car insurance policy." +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[方针]] (fāngzhēn) - A guiding principle or general direction. It's more abstract and higher-level than a **政策**. A **方针** sets the course, and **政策**s are created to follow it. +
-  * [[规定]] (guīdìng) - A regulation or rule. This is more specific and concrete than a **政策**. A **规定** is often the detailed implementation of a broader **政策**. +
-  * [[法律]] (fǎlǜ) - Law. This is the most formal, legally binding framework. Policies operate within the bounds of the law. +
-  * [[措施]] (cuòshī) - A measure or step. These are the specific actions taken to implement a **政策**. For example, a new tax **政策** might involve several **措施** like setting up a new declaration system. +
-  * [[改革]] (gǎigé) - Reform. This often involves a fundamental shift or a series of major new **政策**s designed to change a system. +
-  * [[战略]] (zhànlüè) - Strategy. A very high-level, long-term plan. National **战略** informs national **政策**. +
-  * [[保单]] (bǎodān) - An insurance policy (the document). A crucial distinction for a common "false friend."+