方案

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方案 [2025/08/06 02:28] – created xiaoer方案 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== fāng'àn: 方案 - Plan, Proposal, Scheme ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** fangan, fāng'àn, 方案, Chinese for plan, Chinese for proposal, what does fangan mean, fangan vs jihua, marketing plan in Chinese, business proposal Chinese, solution, scheme, program. +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **方案 (fāng'àn)**, a crucial Chinese term for any formal "plan," "proposal," or "scheme." More than just a simple plan (计划, jìhuà), a **方案** is a detailed, structured solution to a problem, essential in Chinese business, government, and academic contexts. This guide breaks down its characters, cultural significance, and practical use with numerous examples to help you master this HSK 5 word. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** fāng'àn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A detailed plan, proposal, or scheme for action, often in a formal document. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **方案 (fāng'àn)** as a "blueprint" or "formal proposal." It’s not a casual idea you jot down on a napkin. It’s a well-thought-out, structured solution designed to solve a specific problem or achieve a particular objective. It's what you present to your boss, a client, or a committee for approval. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **方 (fāng):** This character can mean "square," "direction," or "side." In this context, it takes on the meaning of "method," "way," or "prescription" (like in the word `方法 fāngfǎ`, method). It points to a systematic approach. +
-  * **案 (àn):** This character originally meant a "desk" or "table." It evolved to mean a "record," "file," or "legal case"—something formal that would be placed on a desk for review. +
-  * **Combined Meaning:** The characters combine to mean a "method presented as a formal record" (方+案). This perfectly captures the essence of a **方案**: a detailed, documented method or solution ready for official consideration. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese business, academic, and government settings, there's a strong emphasis on preparation, consensus, and having a clear, documented path forward before taking action. The **方案 (fāng'àn)** is the embodiment of this value. Acting without an approved **方案** can be seen as rash, unprofessional, and disrespectful to the group or hierarchy. +
-Let's compare **方案 (fāng'àn)** with the Western concept of a "proposal" or "project plan." While similar, the cultural weight is different. In many Western, particularly American, business cultures, an "agile" approach—starting with a rough plan and iterating—is often celebrated. In contrast, the traditional Chinese approach puts immense value on creating a comprehensive and robust **方案** upfront. This plan is then discussed, revised, and formally approved. This process isn't just about logistics; it's about building consensus, showing due diligence, and ensuring harmony by minimizing unforeseen problems. It reflects a cultural preference for predictability and collective alignment over individual, spontaneous action. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**方案 (fāng'àn)** is a formal and neutral term used ubiquitously in professional environments. You would almost never use it to describe personal, informal plans. +
-  * **In Business:** This is where you'll hear **方案** most often. It's used for everything from high-level strategy to specific operational plans. +
-    * `营销方案 (yíngxiāo fāng'àn)` - Marketing Plan/Proposal +
-    * `解决方案 (jiějué fāng'àn)` - Solution Proposal (a very common term in tech and consulting) +
-    * `商业方案 (shāngyè fāng'àn)` - Business Plan +
-  * **In Government and Administration:** Plans for policy changes or new initiatives are always referred to as **方案**. +
-    * `改革方案 (gǎigé fāng'àn)` - Reform Plan +
-    * `实施方案 (shíshī fāng'àn)` - Implementation Plan +
-  * **In Education and Research:** +
-    * `教学方案 (jiàoxué fāng'àn)` - Teaching Plan/Syllabus +
-    * `研究方案 (yánjiū fāng'àn)` - Research Proposal +
-You would use **方案** when you are presenting a structured, detailed set of actions designed to solve a problem or achieve a goal for a group or organization. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 这是我们为新产品制定的营销**方案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè shì wǒmen wèi xīn chǎnpǐn zhìdìng de yíngxiāo **fāng'àn**. +
-    * English: This is the marketing plan we've formulated for the new product. +
-    * Analysis: A classic business context. `制定 (zhìdìng)` which means "to formulate" or "to draft," is a common verb used with **方案**. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 客户对我们提出的解决**方案**很满意。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kèhù duì wǒmen tíchū de jiějué **fāng'àn** hěn mǎnyì. +
-    * English: The client is very satisfied with the solution we proposed. +
-    * Analysis: Highlights the very common term `解决方案 (jiějué fāng'àn)`, meaning "solution" or "solution proposal." +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 我们需要比较这两个**方案**的优缺点。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xūyào bǐjiào zhè liǎng ge **fāng'àn** de yōuquēdiǎn. +
-    * English: We need to compare the pros and cons of these two proposals. +
-    * Analysis: Shows that **方案** is a countable noun and often there are multiple options to consider. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 这个**方案**看起来不错，但是成本太高了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège **fāng'àn** kànqǐlái búcuò, dànshì chéngběn tài gāo le. +
-    * English: This plan looks good, but the cost is too high. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates how a **方案** is evaluated based on different criteria like cost, feasibility, etc. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 董事会已经批准了我们的**方案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Dǒngshìhuì yǐjīng pīzhǔnle wǒmen de **fāng'àn**. +
-    * English: The board of directors has already approved our proposal. +
-    * Analysis: Underlines the formal nature of a **方案**; it often requires official approval (`批准 pīzhǔn`). +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 你们最晚明天必须给我一个可行的**方案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐmen zuì wǎn míngtiān bìxū gěi wǒ yí ge kěxíng de **fāng'àn**. +
-    * English: You must give me a feasible plan by tomorrow at the latest. +
-    * Analysis: Shows a sense of urgency in a professional context. `可行 (kěxíng)` means "feasible" or "workable." +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 政府公布了新的医疗改革**方案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ gōngbùle xīn de yīliáo gǎigé **fāng'àn**. +
-    * English: The government announced the new healthcare reform plan. +
-    * Analysis: A typical example from a government or public policy context. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 我们的技术团队正在设计一个全新的技术**方案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen de jìshù tuánduì zhèngzài shèjì yí ge quánxīn de jìshù **fāng'àn**. +
-    * English: Our technical team is designing a completely new technical solution. +
-    * Analysis: Common usage in the tech industry, where it's equivalent to a "technical specification" or "architectural plan." +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 在实施**方案**之前，我们需要进行更详细的讨论。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài shíshī **fāng'àn** zhīqián, wǒmen xūyào jìnxíng gèng xiángxì de tǎolùn. +
-    * English: Before implementing the plan, we need to have a more detailed discussion. +
-    * Analysis: `实施 (shíshī)` means "to implement," another verb that pairs perfectly with **方案**. +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 这个项目有好几个备用**方案**，以防万一。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège xiàngmù yǒu hǎo jǐ ge bèiyòng **fāng'àn**, yǐ fáng wànyī. +
-    * English: This project has several backup plans, just in case. +
-    * Analysis: Introduces `备用方案 (bèiyòng fāng'àn)`, or "backup/contingency plan," showing the term's flexibility. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common mistake for learners is confusing **方案 (fāng'àn)** with **计划 (jìhuà)**. They both translate to "plan," but they are not interchangeable. +
-  *   **计划 (jìhuà) - The "What" and "When":** This is a general plan, schedule, or intention. It answers "What are we going to do?" and "When are we going to do it?" It can be formal or informal. +
-    *   Correct: 我的旅行**计划**是先去北京，再去上海。(My travel **plan** is to first go to Beijing, then Shanghai.) +
-    *   Correct: 我**计划**明年开始学中文。(I **plan** to start learning Chinese next year.) +
-  *   **方案 (fāng'àn) - The "How":** This is a specific, detailed, and formal proposal for //how// to solve a problem or achieve an objective. It's the concrete methodology. It is almost always used in a professional or official context. +
-    *   **Incorrect Usage:** ~~我的周末**方案**是看电影和睡觉。~~ (My weekend **proposal** is to watch movies and sleep.) +
-    *   **Why it's wrong:** Planning a weekend is informal and doesn't require a detailed, documented solution. You should use **计划 (jìhuà)** here. +
-    *   **Correct Usage:** 这是我们公司降低成本的**方案**。(This is our company's **proposal** for reducing costs.) +
-Think of it this way: Your `计划 (jìhuà)` might be "to increase sales by 20% this year." The `方案 (fāng'àn)` would be the detailed marketing document outlining the specific strategies, budget, and actions you'll take to achieve that goal. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * `[[计划]] (jìhuà)` - The most important related term. A general plan or schedule, focusing on what and when. Less formal and detailed than **方案**. +
-  * `[[办法]] (bànfǎ)` - A method, means, or way of doing something. It's a solution to an immediate, smaller problem, much less formal than a **方案**. +
-  * `[[措施]] (cuòshī)` - A concrete measure or step. A **方案** is usually made up of several specific **措施**. +
-  * `[[建议]] (jiànyì)` - A suggestion or recommendation (noun or verb). It's an idea you put forward, but it lacks the detail and formality of a **方案**. +
-  * `[[策略]] (cèlüè)` - Strategy. This is the high-level thinking or guiding principle //behind// a **方案**. The strategy informs the plan. +
-  * `[[项目]] (xiàngmù)` - A project. A **项目** is executed //according to// a **方案**. +
-  * `[[提议]] (tíyì)` - A proposal, motion, or suggestion. Similar to `建议`, but often used in the context of formally proposing something in a meeting. Still less detailed than a full **方案**. +
-  * `[[解决方案]] (jiějué fāng'àn)` - A "solution" or "solution proposal." A very common and specific compound word using **方案**.+