春联

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

春联 [2025/08/13 07:06] – created xiaoer春联 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
-====== chūnlián: 春联 - Spring Festival Couplets ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** chūnlián, 春联, Spring Festival Couplets, Chinese New Year couplets, red banners on doors, Chinese door poetry, Lunar New Year decorations, chun lian meaning, how to hang chunlian, Chinese calligraphy banners. +
-  * **Summary:** **春联 (chūnlián)**, or Spring Festival Couplets, are one of the most iconic traditions of Chinese New Year. These pairs of poetic verses are written in black or gold ink on red paper and pasted on the sides of doors to welcome the new year with auspicious wishes. More than just decorations, they are a vibrant expression of Chinese culture, combining literature, calligraphy, and deeply held hopes for happiness, health, and prosperity for the coming year. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** chūnlián +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A pair of poetic phrases, thematically linked and structurally parallel, written on red paper and displayed around doorways during the Chinese New Year. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Imagine a short, beautiful poem split into two halves, with each half written on a long, vertical strip of red paper. You paste one on the right side of your door and one on the left. A third, shorter phrase is often pasted horizontally above the door. These couplets, called `春联`, are a way of saying goodbye to the old year and expressing optimistic wishes for the new one. They are a cornerstone of the sights, sounds, and feelings of the Spring Festival. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **春 (chūn):** This character means "Spring." It's composed of three parts that originally depicted the sun (日) rising above sprouting plants (屯). It directly connects the couplets to the **Spring** Festival (春节 Chūnjié). +
-  * **联 (lián):** This character means "to connect," "to join," or "a couplet." The character itself suggests a linked pair. +
-  * Together, **春联 (chūnlián)** literally translates to "Spring Couplets," perfectly describing these paired verses written for the Spring Festival. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **Origin and Purpose:** The tradition of `春联` is rooted in ancient folklore. It's said that two guards, Shenshu (神荼) and Yulü (郁垒), protected people from a fearsome monster called "年" (Nián). People began by carving the guards' names on peach wood charms to hang on their doors. Over centuries, this evolved into writing auspicious phrases on red paper, which is believed to scare away evil spirits and bring in good luck. +
-  * **Cultural Comparison:** In Western cultures, people might hang a Christmas wreath on their door. A wreath is a beautiful, festive symbol of the holiday season. A **`春联`** is similar in that it's a festive door decoration for a major holiday, but it's much more specific and layered. While a wreath is primarily decorative, a `春联` is a work of literature and art. It must follow specific poetic rules (parallel structure, matching tones) and conveys a very explicit wish for the future (e.g., "May your business prosper," "May the whole family be safe"). It showcases the homeowner's literary taste and expresses concrete hopes, a function that a Christmas wreath doesn't have. +
-  * **Related Values:** This tradition strongly reflects Chinese values such as: +
-    * **Optimism and Hope:** Every couplet is a forward-looking wish for a better year. +
-    * **Family and Home:** They are placed on the family home's entrance, symbolizing a shield of good fortune for everyone inside. The act of putting them up is often a family activity. +
-    * **Respect for Tradition and Education:** The use of classical poetic forms and beautiful calligraphy shows a deep respect for China's literary and artistic heritage. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Getting Couplets:** While traditionally people would compose and write their own `春联` to show off their calligraphy skills, today it's very common to buy pre-printed sets from markets or supermarkets in the weeks leading up to the Spring Festival. You can find hundreds of varieties with different wishes related to business, studies, health, and family happiness. Some people still seek out a local calligrapher to write a custom set for a more personal touch. +
-  * **Putting Them Up:** `春联` are put up on **除夕 (Chúxī)**, Chinese New Year's Eve, usually as part of cleaning and decorating the house. It's a symbolic act of "sweeping away the old" and welcoming the new. +
-  * **The Correct Placement:** This is crucial. When facing the door from the outside: +
-    * The first line, called the **上联 (shànglián)**, goes on the **right** side of the door. +
-    * The second line, the **下联 (xiàlián)**, goes on the **left** side. +
-    * A third, horizontal scroll, the **横批 (héngpī)**, goes above the door frame, summarizing the sentiment of the two vertical scrolls. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 快过年了，我们去市场上买一副**春联**吧。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kuài guònián le, wǒmen qù shìchǎng shang mǎi yī fù **chūnlián** ba. +
-    * English: It's almost Chinese New Year, let's go to the market to buy a pair of Spring Festival Couplets. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence shows the common activity of buying `春联`. The measure word for `春联` is `副 (fù)`, meaning a "pair" or "set." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 爷爷的书法写得很好，每年都亲自给我们写**春联**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yéye de shūfǎ xiě de hěn hǎo, měi nián dōu qīnzì gěi wǒmen xiě **chūnlián**. +
-    * English: Grandpa's calligraphy is excellent; every year he personally writes the Spring Festival Couplets for us. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights the traditional aspect of writing `春联` by hand as a display of skill and a personal gesture. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 这副**春联**的横批是“万事如意”。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè fù **chūnlián** de héngpī shì “wàn shì rú yì”. +
-    * English: The horizontal scroll of this pair of couplets says "May all go as you wish." +
-    * Analysis: This example introduces the term for the horizontal scroll, `横批 (héngpī)`, which is an integral part of a `春联` set. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 你能帮我看看，哪个是上联，哪个是下联吗？我怕贴错了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ néng bāng wǒ kànkan, nǎge shì shànglián, nǎge shì xiàlián ma? Wǒ pà tiē cuò le. +
-    * English: Can you help me see which is the first line and which is the second? I'm afraid of pasting them incorrectly. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence demonstrates a very common concern and introduces the terms `上联 (shànglián)` and `下联 (xiàlián)`. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 家家户户门口都贴上了红色的**春联**，年味儿真浓。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jiājiāhùhù ménkǒu dōu tiē shàng le hóngsè de **chūnlián**, niánwèir zhēn nóng. +
-    * English: Every household has pasted red Spring Festival Couplets on their doors; the festive spirit is so strong. +
-    * Analysis: This connects the sight of `春联` directly to the feeling of the "New Year atmosphere" or `年味儿 (niánwèir)`. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 这副**春联**写的是：“春回大地福满门，日照神州喜临门”。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè fù **chūnlián** xiě de shì: “chūn huí dàdì fú mǎn mén, rì zhào shénzhōu xǐ lín mén”. +
-    * English: This pair of couplets says: "Spring returns to the great earth, blessings fill the home; the sun shines on the divine land, joy arrives at the door." +
-    * Analysis: This gives a concrete example of the content of a `春联`, showing its poetic and auspicious nature. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 除了**春联**，我们还要贴一个倒着的“福”字。 +
-    * Pinyin: Chúle **chūnlián**, wǒmen hái yào tiē yī ge dàozhe de “fú” zì. +
-    * English: Besides the Spring Festival Couplets, we also need to paste an upside-down "Fu" character. +
-    * Analysis: This places `春联` in the context of other New Year decoration traditions, like the `福 (fú)` character. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 我觉得手写的**春联**比印刷的更有意义。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ juéde shǒuxiě de **chūnlián** bǐ yìnshuā de gèng yǒu yìyì. +
-    * English: I feel that handwritten Spring Festival Couplets are more meaningful than printed ones. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence expresses a common opinion, contrasting modern convenience with traditional practice. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 贴**春联**是中国人庆祝春节的一个重要习俗。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tiē **chūnlián** shì Zhōngguórén qìngzhù Chūnjié de yī ge zhòngyào xísú. +
-    * English: Pasting Spring Festival Couplets is an important custom for Chinese people celebrating the Spring Festival. +
-    * Analysis: A straightforward sentence that clearly defines the role of `春联` as a cultural `习俗 (xísú)`, or custom. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 看到邻居们都贴好了**春联**，我才意识到新年真的要来了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kàndào línjūmen dōu tiē hǎo le **chūnlián**, wǒ cái yìshí dào xīnnián zhēn de yào lái le. +
-    * English: Only when I saw that the neighbors had all put up their Spring Festival Couplets did I realize the New Year was really coming. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how `春联` act as a visual cue and a shared community signal that the holiday has begun. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **The #1 Mistake: Wrong Placement:** The most common mistake for learners (and even some native speakers!) is hanging the couplets on the wrong sides of the door. +
-    * **Rule:** The first line (**上联 shànglián**) goes on the **right**. The second line (**下联 xiàlián**) goes on the **left**. (This is based on traditional reading order, right-to-left). +
-    * **How to Tell:** Look at the last character of each line. In traditional couplets, the `上联` (right side) must end on a "falling" tone (a 3rd or 4th tone, called a 仄声 zèshēng). The `下联` (left side) must end on a "level" tone (a 1st or 2nd tone, a 平声 píngshēng). While not always followed in modern printed couplets, this is the classical rule and a good guide. +
-  * **"False Friend" Clarification:** Don't just think of `春联` as "red decorations" or "New Year's poems." While they are both, the term is highly specific. Using it to describe a birthday banner or a Christmas sign would be incorrect. It refers **exclusively** to the paired, poetic verses for the Spring Festival. +
-    * **Incorrect:** `他生日的时候，我们在门上贴了生日**春联**。` (We put a birthday **chunlian** on the door for his birthday.) +
-    * **Correct:** `他生日的时候，我们在门上贴了生日**标语**。` (We put a birthday **banner/slogan** on the door for his birthday.) +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[春节]] (Chūnjié) - The Spring Festival. This is the holiday for which `春联` are made. +
-  * [[对联]] (duìlián) - The general term for a couplet. `春联` are a specific type of `对联`. +
-  * [[横批]] (héngpī) - The short, horizontal phrase that is pasted above the door, summarizing the couplet. +
-  * [[上联]] (shànglián) - The first line of the couplet, which is pasted on the right side of the door. +
-  * [[下联]] (xiàlián) - The second line of the couplet, which is pasted on the left side of the door. +
-  * [[福]] (fú) - The character for "fortune" or "blessings," often seen on a diamond-shaped paper and pasted on or near the door, sometimes upside down. +
-  * [[书法]] (shūfǎ) - Calligraphy. The art of writing `春联` by hand. +
-  * [[年画]] (niánhuà) - "New Year pictures." Colorful, symbolic images of gods, babies, or auspicious scenes, also used as decorations. +
-  * [[除夕]] (Chúxī) - Chinese New Year's Eve, the day when families gather and typically put up their `春联`. +
-  * [[年味儿]] (niánwèir) - The "flavor" or "atmosphere" of the New Year, which `春联` help to create.+