标准

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标准 [2025/08/05 02:11] – created xiaoer标准 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== biāozhǔn: 标准 - Standard, Criterion, Norm ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 标准, biāozhǔn, Chinese for standard, what is a standard in Chinese, criterion, benchmark, norm, standard pronunciation, national standard, biāozhǔn meaning, HSK 4 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** An essential term for any learner, **标准 (biāozhǔn)** is the Chinese word for "standard," "criterion," or "norm." It's a highly practical term used to define and measure quality in countless situations, from a product's safety **标准** to the "standard" pronunciation of Mandarin. Understanding **biāozhǔn** is key to grasping how quality, accuracy, and conformity are discussed and valued in modern Chinese society, whether in official regulations or personal preferences. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** biāozhǔn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A required or agreed level of quality or attainment; a benchmark against which something is measured. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **标准 (biāozhǔn)** is the yardstick. It's the official rule, the personal preference, or the accepted norm you use to judge something. Is this phone good enough? Does it meet the safety **标准**? Is your pronunciation correct? If it's accurate, it's **标准**. This word is direct, functional, and used everywhere to talk about what is considered "good," "correct," or "acceptable." +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **标 (biāo):** This character means "mark," "sign," or "target." It's composed of 木 (mù), meaning "tree" or "wood," and 票 (piào), which provides the sound. Picture putting a mark or signpost on a tree to serve as a target or a point of reference. +
-  * **准 (zhǔn):** This character means "accurate," "standard," or "to allow." The radical 冫(bīng) is related to water/ice, and the character originally depicted a type of water-leveling tool, implying accuracy and levelness. +
-  * **Combined Meaning:** The two characters literally combine to mean an "accurate mark" or a "standard signpost." This perfectly captures the idea of a **标准**: a clearly defined point of reference used to ensure accuracy and measure quality. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, **标准 (biāozhǔn)** often carries a strong sense of collective agreement and official authority. The concept of a unified, national standard (**国家标准**, guójiā biāozhǔn) is a cornerstone of governance and social order, covering everything from food safety and electronics manufacturing to the standardized written script and official spoken language, **普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà)**. +
-This contrasts with Western, particularly American, culture, where "standards" can be more decentralized and individualistic. While the US has official standards (e.g., from the FDA or EPA), there's also a strong emphasis on market-driven standards (e.g., the "industry standard" set by a dominant company) and personal standards ("my own standard of success"). In China, adhering to the collective **标准** is often seen as a virtue, reflecting social harmony, predictability, and reliability. For a language learner, being told your pronunciation is "**标准**" is not just a comment on accuracy, but a high compliment that you have successfully aligned with the accepted, correct model. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**标准** is a versatile word used in both formal and informal contexts. +
-**As a Noun (a standard/criterion):** +
-This is its most common usage. It refers to a set of rules or a benchmark. +
-  * 安全**标准** (ānquán biāozhǔn): Safety standard +
-  * 服务**标准** (fúwù biāozhǔn): Service standard +
-  * 我找男朋友的**标准**很高。(Wǒ zhǎo nánpéngyǒu de biāozhǔn hěn gāo.): "My standards for finding a boyfriend are very high." +
-**As an Adjective (standard/accurate):** +
-This is used to describe something that perfectly meets the standard. It is almost always a compliment. +
-  * 你的普通话很**标准**。(Nǐ de pǔtōnghuà hěn biāozhǔn.): "Your Mandarin is very standard/accurate." +
-  * 这是一个**标准**的答案。(Zhè shì yīgè biāozhǔn de dá'àn.): "This is a/the standard answer." +
-The connotation is generally neutral-to-positive. Meeting the **标准** is good. Being **不标准 (bù biāozhǔn)**, "not standard," is a common and relatively polite way to point out an error or a flaw. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-  * 你的普通话发音非常**标准**，像播音员一样。 +
-  * Pinyin: Nǐ de Pǔtōnghuà fāyīn fēicháng **biāozhǔn**, xiàng bōyīnyuán yīyàng. +
-  * English: Your Mandarin pronunciation is extremely standard, just like a news broadcaster. +
-  * Analysis: This is a very common and high compliment for a language learner. Here, **标准** is used as an adjective meaning "accurate" and "conforming to the ideal." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-  * 所有出口的产品都必须符合国际安全**标准**。 +
-  * Pinyin: Suǒyǒu chūkǒu de chǎnpǐn dōu bìxū fúhé guójì ānquán **biāozhǔn**. +
-  * English: All export products must comply with international safety standards. +
-  * Analysis: Here, **标准** is a noun referring to formal, official regulations. "符合标准" (fúhé biāozhǔn) is a set phrase meaning "to meet the standard." +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-  * 每个人的审美**标准**都不一样。 +
-  * Pinyin: Měi gè rén de shěnměi **biāozhǔn** dōu bù yīyàng. +
-  * English: Everyone's aesthetic standards are different. +
-  * Analysis: This shows **标准** used in a personal, subjective context. It's not an official rule, but a personal "criterion" for judgment. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-  * 这家酒店的服务达不到五星级的**标准**。 +
-  * Pinyin: Zhè jiā jiǔdiàn de fúwù dá bù dào wǔxīngjí de **biāozhǔn**. +
-  * English: This hotel's service doesn't reach the standard of a five-star hotel. +
-  * Analysis: "达不到标准" (dá bù dào biāozhǔn) is a common phrase meaning "to not reach/meet the standard." It's a clear way to express that something is subpar. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-  * 请按照**标准**流程操作。 +
-  * Pinyin: Qǐng ànzhào **biāozhǔn** liúchéng cāozuò. +
-  * English: Please operate according to the standard procedure. +
-  * Analysis: Used as an adjective, **标准** describes a process or method that is official and should be followed exactly. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-  * 他选妻子的**标准**很简单：善良和诚实。 +
-  * Pinyin: Tā xuǎn qīzi de **biāozhǔn** hěn jiǎndān: shànliáng hé chéngshí. +
-  * English: His standard for choosing a wife is very simple: kind and honest. +
-  * Analysis: This demonstrates how **标准** can refer to a personal set of criteria for making a decision. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-  * 这个姿势做得不太**标准**，我来教你。 +
-  * Pinyin: Zhè ge zīshì zuò de bù tài **biāozhǔn**, wǒ lái jiāo nǐ. +
-  * English: This posture isn't done very accurately (is not quite standard); let me teach you. +
-  * Analysis: "不太标准" (bù tài biāozhǔn) is a gentle and constructive way to correct someone, whether in sports, yoga, or other physical activities. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-  * 我们公司的招聘**标准**之一是要有三年的工作经验。 +
-  * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī de zhāopìn **biāozhǔn** zhī yī shì yào yǒu sān nián de gōngzuò jīngyàn. +
-  * English: One of our company's hiring standards is to have three years of work experience. +
-  * Analysis: Shows **标准** being used to define requirements or qualifications in a business or HR context. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-  * 这个词典提供的是**标准**的美式英语发音。 +
-  * Pinyin: Zhè ge cídiǎn tígōng de shì **biāozhǔn** de Měishì Yīngyǔ fāyīn. +
-  * English: This dictionary provides standard American English pronunciation. +
-  * Analysis: **标准** is used as an adjective to mean "standard" in the sense of a recognized, official, or common version of something. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-  * 你不能用自己的**标准**去要求别人。 +
-  * Pinyin: Nǐ bùnéng yòng zìjǐ de **biāozhǔn** qù yāoqiú biérén. +
-  * English: You can't use your own standards to make demands of others. +
-  * Analysis: A common piece of advice, this sentence highlights the distinction between a personal **标准** and one that is universally applied. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **"Standard" vs. "Ordinary":** A major pitfall for English speakers is to confuse the Chinese **标准** with the English adjective "standard" when it means "ordinary" or "basic." In English, "a standard room" can imply a basic, no-frills room. In Chinese, calling something **标准** is a compliment. It means it is accurate, correct, and meets a high-quality benchmark. It never means "boring" or "mediocre." +
-  * **`标准` (biāozhǔn) vs. `水平` (shuǐpíng):** This is a critical distinction. +
-  * **`标准`** is the benchmark, the rule, the yardstick. +
-  * **`水平`** (shuǐpíng) is your //level// as measured by that yardstick. +
-  * Think of it this way: The exam questions and passing score are the **标准**. Your final grade is your **水平**. +
-  * **Correct:** 他的中文**水平**很高，发音很**标准**。 (Tā de Zhōngwén **shuǐpíng** hěn gāo, fāyīn hěn **biāozhǔn**.) - His Chinese //level// is very high; his pronunciation is very //standard//. +
-  * **Incorrect:** 他的中文**标准**很高。 (Tā de Zhōngwén **biāozhǔn** hěn gāo.) - This means "His standard //for// Chinese is high," implying he is a harsh judge of others' Chinese, not that his own Chinese is good. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[规范]] (guīfàn) - Norm, specification. More formal than **标准**, often referring to detailed regulations, codes of conduct, or technical specifications. +
-  * [[准则]] (zhǔnzé) - Norm, standard, criterion. Refers more to abstract principles, ethics, or guidelines for behavior. +
-  * [[水平]] (shuǐpíng) - Level. The actual degree of skill or quality a person or thing has, which is measured against a **标准**. +
-  * [[规格]] (guīgé) - Specifications. The detailed technical standards of a product, like its size, weight, and features. More specific than **标准**. +
-  * [[合格]] (hégé) - Qualified, to meet the standard. An adjective or verb that means something has successfully passed a test based on a **标准**. +
-  * [[要求]] (yāoqiú) - Requirement, to demand. A **要求** is a specific condition you must fulfill in order to meet a **标准**. +
-  * [[普通话]] (pǔtōnghuà) - Mandarin Chinese. Literally "the common tongue," it is the official spoken **标准** of the Chinese language. +
-  * [[地道]] (dìdao) - Authentic, genuine. A higher-level compliment than **标准**. While **标准** means correct and accurate, **地道** implies something is so authentic it's like a native's.+