档案

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

档案 [2025/08/11 10:53] – created xiaoer档案 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
-====== dǎng'àn: 档案 - Archive, File, Record, Dossier ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** dangan, dǎng'àn, 档案, Chinese for archive, Chinese for file, dangan meaning, personal file in China, Chinese personnel file, dossier in China, gèrén dǎng'àn, HSK 5 +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the crucial Chinese word **档案 (dǎng'àn)**, which means "archive" or "file." This page explores its simple use for digital and paper records, but more importantly, dives deep into its unique cultural significance as the lifelong, official **personal dossier (个人档案)** that the Chinese state maintains on its citizens. Understand how this powerful concept differs from a Western résumé or "permanent record" and shapes opportunities in modern China. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** dǎng'àn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** An archive, file, or collection of official records; most notably, a personal dossier on a citizen. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** On the surface, `档案` is a straightforward word for any organized collection of records, like a project archive or medical files. However, its most important meaning in China refers to the **个人档案 (gèrén dǎng'àn)**, a secret, lifelong personal file. This official dossier contains everything from your school grades and teacher comments to job performance reviews and political affiliations. It follows you throughout your life, transferred from institution to institution, and can significantly impact your career and future. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **档 (dǎng):** This character's original meaning relates to a frame, shelf, or pigeonhole used for storing items. Think of the physical cabinet where files are kept. +
-  * **案 (àn):** This character originally meant a low table or desk (notice the 'wood' radical `木` at the bottom). It evolved to mean a legal case, a record, or a proposal—the kind of official business conducted at such a desk. +
-  * Together, **档案 (dǎng'àn)** literally means "records from the shelf," painting a clear picture of organized, stored documents. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The concept of the personal `档案` is one of the most significant bureaucratic features of modern Chinese society and has no true equivalent in the West. +
-While an American might think of a "permanent record" from high school, the `档案` is far more comprehensive, lifelong, and impactful. It is a physical (and increasingly digital) file that is created in your school years and follows you for life. It is not held by you, but is transferred directly between the HR departments (`人事 rénshì`) of official institutions: from your high school, to your university, to your first state-owned employer, and so on. +
-This file contains: +
-  * Academic transcripts and teacher evaluations. +
-  * Records of political affiliation (e.g., membership in the Communist Youth League or Party). +
-  * Job performance reviews from employers. +
-  * Any official commendations or disciplinary actions. +
-  * Family background information. +
-Crucially, **the individual rarely, if ever, gets to see their own `档案`**. Its contents are used by authorities and HR departments to make decisions about promotions, security clearances, permission to study abroad, and other important life events. +
-This system is a powerful tool for social management, reflecting a collectivist value system where the state or work-unit plays a central role in an individual's life. It contrasts sharply with the Western individualistic approach, where a person curates their own public profile through a résumé (`简历 jiǎnlì`) and has greater control over their personal information. The `档案` is your official story, written by others. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-`档案` is used in two main ways: +
-**1. The Official Personal Dossier:** +
-This is the most common and culturally-loaded usage. You will hear it in formal contexts related to employment, education, and government administration. +
-  * **Connotation:** Neutral, bureaucratic, but can carry a sense of gravity or anxiety because of its importance and secrecy. +
-  * **Example Contexts:** Transferring jobs, applying for a government position, or registering for certain social benefits. The process of moving your file (`调档案 diào dǎng'àn`) is a critical step in changing jobs between state-affiliated entities. +
-**2. General Archives or Files:** +
-In a more general sense, `档案` can refer to any organized collection of files or records. +
-  * **Connotation:** Neutral, technical. +
-  * **Example Contexts:** +
-    * `电子档案 (diànzǐ dǎng'àn)` - Electronic archives/digital records. +
-    * `病历档案 (bìnglì dǎng'àn)` - Medical records archive. +
-    * `项目档案 (xiàngmù dǎng'àn)` - Project archives. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我毕业后，学校会把我的**档案**转到我的新公司。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ bìyè hòu, xuéxiào huì bǎ wǒ de **dǎng'àn** zhuǎndào wǒ de xīn gōngsī. +
-    * English: After I graduate, the school will transfer my **personal file** to my new company. +
-    * Analysis: This is the classic usage, referring to the official personal dossier being transferred between institutions. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 人事部经理需要查一下你的**档案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rénshìbù jīnglǐ xūyào chá yīxià nǐ de **dǎng'àn**. +
-    * English: The HR manager needs to check your **personnel file**. +
-    * Analysis: Highlights the role of the HR department (`人事部 rénshìbù`) as the gatekeeper of the `档案`. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 这次错误会记录在你的**档案**里。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì cuòwù huì jìlù zài nǐ de **dǎng'àn** lǐ. +
-    * English: This mistake will be recorded in your **file**. +
-    * Analysis: Shows the potential negative consequences associated with the `档案`. It's the ultimate "permanent record." +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 我们的系统可以创建加密的电子**档案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen de xìtǒng kěyǐ chuàngjiàn jiāmì de diànzǐ **dǎng'àn**. +
-    * English: Our system can create encrypted electronic **archives**. +
-    * Analysis: A modern, technical use of `档案` referring to digital records, separate from the personal dossier. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 警方正在整理这个案件的**档案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jǐngfāng zhèngzài zhěnglǐ zhège ànjiàn de **dǎng'àn**. +
-    * English: The police are organizing the **case file** for this case. +
-    * Analysis: `档案` used here to mean a "case file" or collection of documents related to a specific incident. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 你必须去人才市场办理**档案**存放手续。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bìxū qù réncái shìchǎng bànlǐ **dǎng'àn** cúnfàng shǒuxù. +
-    * English: You have to go to the official "talent market" (a government HR agency) to handle the procedures for storing your **personnel file**. +
-    * Analysis: This is a common situation for people working in the private sector or who are unemployed. Their `档案` is held by a government-run agency. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 这家图书馆收藏着许多珍贵的历史**档案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā túshūguǎn shōucáng zhe xǔduō zhēnguì de lìshǐ **dǎng'àn**. +
-    * English: This library holds many precious historical **archives**. +
-    * Analysis: Shows the use of `档案` in the sense of a historical archive, similar to the English word. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 他的**档案**很“干净”，没有任何污点。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de **dǎng'àn** hěn “gānjìng”, méiyǒu rènhé wūdiǎn. +
-    * English: His **personal file** is very "clean," without any blemishes. +
-    * Analysis: "干净 (gānjìng)" is colloquial slang for a file that has no negative records, making the person a good candidate for sensitive positions. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 医生从电脑里调出了我的病历**档案**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng cóng diànnǎo lǐ diàochū le wǒ de bìnglì **dǎng'àn**. +
-    * English: The doctor brought up my medical **records** from the computer. +
-    * Analysis: `病历档案` is a fixed phrase for medical records, another type of official file. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 所有重要的合同都需要**存档**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Suǒyǒu zhòngyào de hétóng dōu xūyào **cúndàng**. +
-    * English: All important contracts need to be **archived**. +
-    * Analysis: This example uses the verb form `存档 (cúndàng)`, which means "to file" or "to archive." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`档案 (dǎng'àn)` vs. `简历 (jiǎnlì)` (Résumé):** This is the most critical distinction for a learner. +
-    * **`档案 (dǎng'àn)`:** Is an *official, comprehensive, secret dossier* created and managed by institutions about you. You do not control it. +
-    * **`简历 (jiǎnlì)`:** Is a *résumé or CV* that you create yourself to highlight your strengths for a job application. +
-    * **Common Mistake:** Never say "这是我的档案" (This is my dǎng'àn) when handing someone your résumé. You should say "这是我的简历" (This is my jiǎnlì). +
-  * **`档案 (dǎng'àn)` vs. `文件 (wénjiàn)` (File/Document):** +
-    * **`档案 (dǎng'àn)`:** Implies a collection of records, an archive, or an official file with long-term importance. +
-    * **`文件 (wénjiàn)`:** Is the general word for a single document or a computer file (e.g., a Word doc, a PDF). +
-    * **Common Mistake:** Saying "请把这个档案发给我" (Please send me this archive) when you mean a single document. It's more natural to say "请把这个文件发给我" (Please send me this file/document). Using `档案` would sound overly formal and imply it's a collection of official records. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[个人档案]] (gèrén dǎng'àn) - The specific term for the "personal dossier," the most culturally significant meaning of `档案`. +
-  * [[简历]] (jiǎnlì) - Résumé/CV. The document you create to market yourself, in contrast to the `档案` which is created about you. +
-  * [[文件]] (wénjiàn) - A document or computer file. A more general and common term for a single file than `档案`. +
-  * [[资料]] (zīliào) - Materials, data, information. Often refers to reference materials or data for a project. Broader than `档案`. +
-  * [[记录]] (jìlù) - A record or log. Usually refers to the documentation of a single event (e.g., `会议记录` - meeting minutes). `档案` is a collection of many `记录`. +
-  * [[户口]] (hùkǒu) - The household registration system. Another crucial document of state management that determines where a citizen can legally reside and access social services. It is closely linked with the `档案`. +
-  * [[人事]] (rénshì) - Human Resources. The department or function responsible for managing employee `档案`. +
-  * [[存档]] (cúndàng) - (Verb) To file something away, to archive. The action that creates an archive (`档案`).+