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-====== dǎitú: 歹徒 - Villain, Criminal, Evildoer ======
-===== Quick Summary =====
-  * **Keywords:** daitu, dǎitú, 歹徒, Chinese for villain, Chinese word for criminal, bad guy in Chinese, gangster, ruffian, evildoer in Chinese, how to say criminal in Chinese.
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese word **歹徒 (dǎitú)** is a common and important term for a "villain," "criminal," or "evildoer." It refers to a person who commits a serious crime, often involving violence or the threat of violence. You will frequently encounter **歹徒** in news reports, police dramas, and public safety announcements. Understanding this term is essential for comprehending discussions about crime and justice in modern China.
-===== Core Meaning =====
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** dǎitú
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5
-  * **Concise Definition:** A villain, evildoer, or a criminal who uses or threatens violence.
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **歹徒 (dǎitú)** as the standard word for the "bad guy" in a criminal situation. It's not for a naughty child or a mean boss; it's reserved for people committing actual crimes like robbery, assault, or kidnapping. It’s the person the police are chasing and the news is reporting on. The term carries a serious, negative tone and implies a threat to public safety.
-===== Character Breakdown =====
-  * **歹 (dǎi):** This character means "evil," "vicious," or "bad." Its ancient form is thought to depict a decaying bone or a corpse, giving it a strong association with death, decay, and negativity.
-  * **徒 (tú):** This character can mean "follower," "disciple," or simply "person." It's also used in words like `学徒 (xuétú)` for "apprentice."
-  * **Combined Meaning:** When you put them together, **歹徒 (dǎitú)** literally translates to an "evil person" or a "follower of the evil path." This combination creates a powerful and unambiguous term for a person engaged in criminal activity.
-===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
-  * **Formal vs. Informal "Bad Guys":** In Chinese, **歹徒 (dǎitú)** occupies a specific space. Unlike the very general and often informal term `坏人 (huàirén)` ("bad person"), **歹徒** is more specific and formal. It describes someone in the act of committing a crime or someone identified as a criminal perpetrator. It's the standard term used by authorities and the media.
-  * **Comparison to Western Concepts:** While **歹徒** can be translated as "villain," "criminal," or "thug," it doesn't carry the exact same baggage as these English words.
-    * **"Villain"** can sound dramatic or fictional, like a character in a movie. **歹徒** is for real-life crime.
-    * **"Thug"** in modern American English can have racial and class-based undertones. **歹徒** is a neutral descriptor of a criminal's actions, regardless of their background.
-    * **"Criminal"** in English can refer to anyone who has broken the law, even after they are in prison. In Chinese, `罪犯 (zuìfàn)` is the legal term for a convicted criminal. **歹徒** is more often used to describe the person during or immediately after the crime, before they have been legally processed. It's the perpetrator, the assailant, the person on the loose.
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
-  * **In the News:** This is the most common place you'll see **歹徒**. News reports about robberies, assaults, or other violent crimes will almost always use this term to describe the perpetrator(s). For example, "持枪**歹徒**" (chíqiāng **dǎitú**) means "armed gunman/criminal."
-  * **Police and Public Safety:** Police reports, public safety warnings, and official announcements use **歹徒** to refer to criminals. A sign might warn you to "谨防**歹徒**" (jǐnfáng **dǎitú**) - "Beware of criminals."
-  * **Everyday Conversation:** While it's a formal-sounding word, people use it in conversation when discussing a serious crime. If a neighbor's house was burgled, someone might say, "警察抓到那个**歹徒**了吗？" (Jǐngchá zhuādào nàge **dǎitú** le ma?) - "Did the police catch that criminal?"
-  * **Connotation:** The connotation is always strongly negative. There is no neutral or positive way to use **歹徒**. It is a term of condemnation.
-===== Example Sentences =====
-  * **Example 1:**
-    * 警察成功抓获了三名**歹徒**。
-    * Pinyin: Jǐngchá chénggōng zhuāhuò le sān míng **dǎitú**.
-    * English: The police successfully captured three criminals.
-    * Analysis: A very common and standard usage, typical of a news report or official statement. `抓获 (zhuāhuò)` is a formal verb for "to capture."
-  * **Example 2:**
-    * 一名蒙面**歹徒**冲进银行，要求大家不许动。
-    * Pinyin: Yī míng méngmiàn **dǎitú** chōng jìn yínháng, yāoqiú dàjiā bùxǔ dòng.
-    * English: A masked villain rushed into the bank and demanded that no one move.
-    * Analysis: This sentence paints a classic crime scene. `蒙面 (méngmiàn)` means "masked," a common adjective used with **歹徒**.
-  * **Example 3:**
-    * 遇到**歹徒**时，要保持冷静，生命安全最重要。
-    * Pinyin: Yùdào **dǎitú** shí, yào bǎochí lěngjìng, shēngmìng ānquán zuì zhòngyào.
-    * English: When you encounter a criminal, you must remain calm; life and safety are the most important things.
-    * Analysis: This is an example of advice or a public safety announcement. It shows how the term is used in preventative contexts.
-  * **Example 4:**
-    * 那个勇敢的市民与**歹徒**进行了搏斗。
-    * Pinyin: Nàge yǒnggǎn de shìmín yǔ **dǎitú** jìnxíng le bódòu.
-    * English: That brave citizen fought with the evildoer.
-    * Analysis: Here, **歹徒** is contrasted with a `勇敢的市民 (yǒnggǎn de shìmín)`, a "brave citizen," highlighting the clear good-vs-evil dynamic.
-  * **Example 5:**
-    * 新闻里说，持刀**歹徒**已经被警方控制。
-    * Pinyin: xīnwén lǐ shuō, chídāo **dǎitú** yǐjīng bèi jǐngfāng kòngzhì.
-    * English: The news said that the knife-wielding assailant has already been brought under control by the police.
-    * Analysis: `持刀 (chídāo)` means "knife-wielding." This shows how you can specify the type of weapon the **歹徒** is using.
-  * **Example 6:**
-    * 他在电影里总是扮演**歹徒**的角色。
-    * Pinyin: Tā zài diànyǐng lǐ zǒngshì bànyǎn **dǎitú** de juésè.
-    * English: He always plays the role of the villain in movies.
-    * Analysis: This shows that **歹徒** can also be used to describe fictional characters, similar to the English word "villain."
-  * **Example 7:**
-    * 多个**歹徒**合伙抢劫了那家珠宝店。
-    * Pinyin: Duō ge **dǎitú** héhuǒ qiǎngjié le nà jiā zhūbǎo diàn.
-    * English: Multiple criminals worked together to rob that jewelry store.
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates that **歹徒** can be used for a group of criminals. `合伙 (héhuǒ)` means to "partner up" or "collude."
-  * **Example 8:**
-    * 这个地区的居民都害怕**歹徒**的报复。
-    * Pinyin: Zhège dìqū de jūmín dōu hàipà **dǎitú** de bàofù.
-    * English: The residents of this area are all afraid of retaliation from the gangsters.
-    * Analysis: This example highlights the fear and threat that the term **歹徒** implies.
-  * **Example 9:**
-    * **歹徒**最终会受到法律的严惩。
-    * Pinyin: **Dǎitú** zuìzhōng huì shòudào fǎlǜ de yánchéng.
-    * English: Evildoers will ultimately receive severe punishment under the law.
-    * Analysis: A general, moralistic statement about justice, suitable for a formal speech or article.
-  * **Example 10:**
-    * 她描述了**歹徒**的长相，帮助警察破案。
-    * Pinyin: Tā miáoshù le **dǎitú** de zhǎngxiàng, bāngzhù jǐngchá pò'àn.
-    * English: She described the appearance of the criminal, helping the police solve the case.
-    * Analysis: This shows a practical usage in the context of a police investigation. `破案 (pò'àn)` means "to solve a criminal case."
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
-  * **Mistake: Using for Minor Offenses.** Do not call a child who lies or a person who cuts in line a **歹徒**. This term is reserved for serious lawbreakers. For minor issues, you would use `没礼貌的人 (méi lǐmào de rén)` (impolite person) or `淘气鬼 (táoqìguǐ)` (naughty child). Using **歹徒** for a small transgression would be overly dramatic and incorrect.
-  * **False Friend: `歹徒` vs. `坏人 (huàirén)` ("Bad Person").** A `坏人` is anyone you consider morally bad. Your cheating ex-boyfriend could be a `坏人`. A corrupt politician could be a `坏人`. A **歹徒** is specifically a criminal perpetrator. A **歹徒** is always a `坏人`, but a `坏人` is not necessarily a **歹徒**.
-  * **`歹徒` vs. `罪犯 (zuìfàn)` ("Convicted Criminal").** This is a key distinction. **歹徒** refers to the perpetrator, often during or right after the crime. `罪犯` is a legal term for someone who has been tried and convicted. A person is a **歹徒** when they are robbing the bank; they become a `罪犯` after the judge sentences them to prison.
-===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
-  * `[[坏人]] (huàirén)` - A very broad term for a "bad person." Less specific and less formal than **歹徒**.
-  * `[[罪犯]] (zuìfàn)` - The legal term for a "(convicted) criminal." Refers to someone's legal status after a trial.
-  * `[[暴徒]] (bàotú)` - A "rioter" or "thug." This term emphasizes violence, chaos, and often mob behavior.
-  * `[[匪徒]] (fěitú)` - "Bandit" or "gangster." Often implies an organized, armed group, and has a slightly more "old-fashioned" or "outlaw" feel than **歹徒**.
-  * `[[强盗]] (qiángdào)` - A "robber" or "bandit." Specifically refers to someone who robs, often with force.
-  * `[[小偷]] (xiǎotōu)` - A "thief" or "pilferer." Refers to someone who steals, usually by stealth rather than violence.
-  * `[[凶手]] (xiōngshǒu)` - A "murderer" or "assassin." This is the specific word for someone who has killed another person.
-  * `[[黑社会]] (hēishèhuì)` - Lit. "black society." Refers to organized crime, the mafia, or the criminal underworld. A member could be called a **歹徒**.