毛病

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毛病 [2025/08/04 20:10] – created xiaoer毛病 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== máobìng: 毛病 - Fault, Problem, Bad Habit, Illness ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** máobìng, 毛病, Chinese word for problem, what's wrong with you Chinese, bad habit in Chinese, something wrong with machine, Chinese fault, Chinese illness, HSK 4 vocabulary +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the versatile Chinese word **毛病 (máobìng)**, a must-know term for describing everything from a faulty phone and a car that won't start to a person's annoying bad habit or a minor illness. This page will break down its core meaning, cultural use, and provide practical examples to help you understand when to use **毛病** to talk about a problem, a flaw, or what's wrong with something (or someone!). +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** máobìng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A fault, defect, shortcoming, minor illness, or bad habit. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **毛病 (máobìng)** as the perfect word for a "glitch" or a "hiccup" in a system, whether that system is a machine, a person's body, or their personality. It’s not a major disaster, but an annoying, persistent problem. The word itself gives a great visual: a tiny "hair" (**毛**) causing an "illness" (**病**), perfectly capturing the feeling of a small but frustrating issue. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **毛 (máo):** This character means "hair," "fur," or "feather." In this context, it represents something small, fine, and perhaps insignificant on its own, but capable of causing trouble—like a single hair in your soup or a stray thread jamming a zipper. +
-  * **病 (bìng):** This character means "illness," "sickness," or "disease." It points to a state of not being well or not functioning correctly. +
-  * **Combined Meaning:** When you put **毛 (hair)** and **病 (illness)** together, you get "hair-illness." This brilliantly describes a minor, nagging fault. It's not a life-threatening disease, but a small defect that prevents something from working perfectly. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-**毛病 (máobìng)** reflects a very practical and non-dramatic approach to problems in Chinese culture. It's a common, everyday word used to diagnose issues without much fuss. +
-A key cultural point is its use in direct confrontation. In English, asking "What's your problem?" can be aggressive. The Chinese equivalent, **"你有什么毛病？" (Nǐ yǒu shéme máobìng?)** or more commonly **"你有毛病啊？" (Nǐ yǒu máobìng a?)**, takes this to another level. It's not a genuine inquiry but a blunt, rude accusation that translates more closely to "What's wrong with you?!" or "Are you nuts?!". It implies the person's behavior is so irrational it must be a "fault" in their brain. Understanding this is crucial to avoid major social blunders. +
-Compared to the English concept of a "flaw," **毛病** is less formal and more versatile. A "character flaw" in English sounds serious and deeply ingrained. A person's **毛病** in Chinese, however, could be as simple as "being lazy" (懒) or "procrastinating" (拖延症), and is often discussed with a lighter, more accepting tone (unless used in the confrontational manner above). +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**毛病** is an incredibly useful word you'll hear constantly. Its meaning changes entirely based on context. +
-  * **Referring to Machines and Objects:** This is the most common and neutral usage. It means a defect, glitch, or that something is broken. +
-    * //My car has a problem.// +
-    * //This software has a few bugs.// +
-  * **Referring to People's Habits or Quirks:** This refers to a bad habit, a personality flaw, or an annoying quirk. The tone can be teasing, complaining, or self-deprecating. +
-    * //He has a bad habit of always being late.// +
-    * //My only fault is that I'm too picky.// +
-  * **Referring to Minor Illnesses:** It can describe a small, often chronic, health issue that isn't a serious disease. It's a way of downplaying an ailment. +
-    * //I have this old problem of getting headaches when it rains.// +
-  * **As a Confrontational Remark:** As mentioned, this is a very informal and rude way to question someone's sanity or behavior. Use with extreme caution, if at all. +
-    * //Are you crazy? Why did you do that?!// +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** (About a machine) +
-    * 我的电脑最近老出**毛病**，总是自动关机。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ de diànnǎo zuìjìn lǎo chū **máobìng**, zǒngshì zìdòng guānjī. +
-    * English: My computer has been acting up recently, it always shuts down by itself. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **出毛病 (chū máobìng)** is a common collocation meaning "to develop a fault" or "to break down." +
-  * **Example 2:** (About a bad habit) +
-    * 他最大的**毛病**就是太懒了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā zuìdà de **máobìng** jiùshì tài lǎn le. +
-    * English: His biggest flaw is that he's too lazy. +
-    * Analysis: **毛病** is used to describe a negative personality trait. It's a direct and informal criticism. +
-  * **Example 3:** (Confrontational) +
-    * 你有**毛病**啊？跟你说了多少遍了，不要碰我的东西！ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ yǒu **máobìng** a? Gēn nǐ shuōle duōshǎo biàn le, bùyào pèng wǒ de dōngxi! +
-    * English: What is wrong with you?! How many times have I told you not to touch my stuff! +
-    * Analysis: This is an angry, exasperated outburst. **你有毛病啊 (nǐ yǒu máobìng a)** is used to insult someone's intelligence or rationality. +
-  * **Example 4:** (About a minor illness) +
-    * 这是我的老**毛病**了，一到冬天就咳嗽。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè shì wǒ de lǎo **máobìng** le, yī dào dōngtiān jiù késou. +
-    * English: This is an old problem of mine; I start coughing as soon as winter arrives. +
-    * Analysis: **老毛病 (lǎo máobìng)** literally means "old fault" and refers to a chronic, recurring health issue or a long-standing bad habit. +
-  * **Example 5:** (Nitpicking) +
-    * 你别老是挑我的**毛病**，好不好？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bié lǎoshì tiāo wǒ de **máobìng**, hǎo bù hǎo? +
-    * English: Can you stop always nitpicking/finding fault with me? +
-    * Analysis: The verb **挑 (tiāo)** means "to pick." The phrase **挑毛病 (tiāo máobìng)** is a set phrase meaning "to nitpick" or "to be critical." +
-  * **Example 6:** (About a product) +
-    * 这件衣服除了有点贵，没什么别的**毛病**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiàn yīfu chúle yǒudiǎn guì, méishénme biéde **máobìng**. +
-    * English: Besides being a bit expensive, there's nothing else wrong with this piece of clothing. +
-    * Analysis: A very practical way to say something has no flaws or defects. +
-  * **Example 7:** (Self-deprecation) +
-    * 我这人有个**毛病**，就是心太软。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zhè rén yǒu ge **máobìng**, jiùshì xīn tài ruǎn. +
-    * English: I have this flaw, I'm just too soft-hearted. +
-    * Analysis: A common, sometimes humble-bragging, way to talk about one's own personality traits. +
-  * **Example 8:** (In a professional context) +
-    * 我们必须找出系统中的小**毛病**并修复它们。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū zhǎochū xìtǒng zhōng de xiǎo **máobìng** bìng xiūfù tāmen. +
-    * English: We must find the small bugs in the system and fix them. +
-    * Analysis: **小毛病 (xiǎo máobìng)** means "small bugs" or "minor issues." It's a less technical-sounding alternative to `故障 (gùzhàng)`. +
-  * **Example 9:** (About a plan or idea) +
-    * 这个计划听起来不错，但执行起来可能会有很多小**毛病**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège jìhuà tīng qǐlái bùcuò, dàn zhíxíng qǐlái kěnéng huì yǒu hěnduō xiǎo **máobìng**. +
-    * English: This plan sounds good, but there might be many small problems when it comes to execution. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how **毛病** can be used for abstract concepts like plans, referring to potential flaws or hitches. +
-  * **Example 10:** (Checking if something works) +
-    * 你检查一下，这台打印机是不是有什么**毛病**？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ jiǎnchá yīxià, zhè tái dǎyìnjī shì bùshì yǒu shéme **máobìng**? +
-    * English: Can you check and see if there's something wrong with this printer? +
-    * Analysis: A simple, direct way to ask if an object is malfunctioning. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **"毛病" vs. "问题 (wèntí)":** This is the most important distinction. +
-    * **问题 (wèntí)** is a neutral word for "problem" or "question." You have a `数学问题 (shùxué wèntí - math problem)` or `一个重要的问题 (yī ge zhòngyào de wèntí - an important question)`. +
-    * **毛病 (máobìng)** specifically implies a **fault, defect, or flaw**. A machine has a **毛病**, not a **问题** (unless you are using "问题" in its very general sense of "issue"). You cannot have a "math 毛病." +
-    * **Incorrect:** ~~我的数学有毛病。~~ (My math has a fault.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我有一个数学问题。(I have a math problem/question.) +
-  * **"毛病" vs. "病 (bìng)":** +
-    * **病 (bìng)** is a genuine illness or disease, like `感冒 (gǎnmào - a cold)` or `癌症 (áizhèng - cancer)`. +
-    * **毛病 (máobìng)** is a minor, often chronic, ailment. Calling cancer a **毛病** would be a massive and inappropriate understatement. +
-  * **Common Pitfall for Learners:** **DO NOT** use "你有什么毛病?" to politely ask someone if they are okay. It is highly offensive. +
-    * **Incorrect:** (You see a friend looking sad) ~~你有什么毛病吗？~~ (Do you have a flaw/Are you crazy?) +
-    * **Correct and Polite:** 你怎么了？(Nǐ zěnme le? - What's wrong?) +
-    * **Correct and Polite:** 你没事吧？(Nǐ méishì ba? - Are you okay?) +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[问题]] (wèntí) - "Problem" or "question." A much broader and more neutral term than `毛病`. +
-  * [[缺点]] (quēdiǎn) - "Shortcoming" or "weakness." Often used for personality traits or product features in a more formal way than `毛病`. +
-  * [[故障]] (gùzhàng) - "Malfunction" or "breakdown." A more formal and technical term used almost exclusively for machinery and systems. +
-  * [[坏]] (huài) - The adjective "bad" or "broken." You can say "电脑坏了 (diànnǎo huài le - The computer is broken)," which is similar to "电脑有毛病 (diànnǎo yǒu máobìng - The computer has a fault)." +
-  * [[习惯]] (xíguàn) - "Habit." This is a neutral term; it can be a good habit (`好习惯`) or a bad one (`坏习惯`). `毛病` is always a *bad* habit or flaw. +
-  * [[病]] (bìng) - "Sickness" or "disease." A more serious medical condition than a `毛病`. +
-  * [[挑毛病]] (tiāo máobìng) - A verb phrase meaning "to nitpick" or "to find fault with someone/something." +
-  * [[老毛病]] (lǎo máobìng) - An "old problem," referring to a chronic ailment or a long-standing bad habit.+