海关

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海关 [2025/08/11 12:01] – created xiaoer海关 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== hǎi guān: 海关 - Customs ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** haiguan, 海关, Chinese customs, China customs declaration, border control in China, import export China, 海关 报关, customs clearance, what is haiguan, customs duty, tariffs in China +
-  * **Summary:** Learn all about **海关 (hǎi guān)**, the official term for **Chinese customs** or **border control in China**. This comprehensive guide explains everything from **customs clearance** (清关) and **customs declaration** (报关) to practical tips for travelers and those involved in **import/export with China**. Understand what **hǎi guān** means and how to navigate it smoothly at airports and ports. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** hǎi guān +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** The government agency responsible for regulating goods that move into or out of a country. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **海关 (hǎi guān)** is the Chinese word for 'Customs'. It refers to the official body at an airport, seaport, or land border that inspects goods, luggage, and mail. Their main jobs are to collect taxes (tariffs) on imported items and to stop illegal things from entering or leaving the country. For a traveler, it's the checkpoint after passport control where you might have your bags checked. For a business, it's a critical government department in the logistics chain. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **海 (hǎi):** This character means "sea" or "ocean." It evokes the image of vast waters, which for centuries were the primary highways for international trade. +
-  * **关 (guān):** This character means "gate," "pass," or "checkpoint." Think of a strategic mountain pass or a city gate that controls who and what can enter. It also carries the meaning of "to close" or "to be related to." +
-  * **Together, 海关 (hǎi guān)** literally translates to "Sea Gate." This creates a powerful and intuitive image: a guarded gateway on the coast of the nation, controlling the flow of goods from across the ocean. It perfectly captures the historical and ongoing function of a customs authority. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-**海关 (hǎi guān)** is more than just a tax collection agency in China; it's a key instrument of state policy and a symbol of national sovereignty. While Western customs agencies are primarily focused on revenue (tariffs) and security (stopping drugs, weapons), China's 海关 also plays a significant role in implementing broader industrial and social policies. +
-For instance, 海关 is on the front line of enforcing trade policies, protecting domestic industries, and managing the flow of goods for its massive manufacturing sector. This makes the **General Administration of Customs (海关总署)** an extremely powerful government body. +
-A key cultural difference lies in the area of information control. While a US customs officer might not care about the books you're bringing in for personal use, China's 海关 has a mandate to screen for materials deemed politically sensitive or pornographic. This reflects a state value that prioritizes social stability and ideological conformity alongside economic control. For travelers, this means that while the process for most tourists is quick and modern (often involving QR health codes and efficient scanning), the underlying authority of the state is always present. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-You'll encounter **海关 (hǎi guān)** in a few key situations: +
-  *   **As a Traveler:** When you land at a Chinese airport, you first go through immigration (出入境, chū rù jìng) to get your passport stamped. Afterwards, you collect your luggage and walk through the customs checkpoint, which has a red channel (for declaring goods) and a green channel (for nothing to declare). The act of passing through is called **过海关 (guò hǎi guān)**. +
-  *   **For Online Shopping/Shipping:** If you've ever ordered something from overseas to China, or vice-versa, your package must go through **清关 (qīng guān)**, or customs clearance. It's common for people to say their package is "stuck at customs" - **被海关扣了 (bèi hǎi guān kòu le)**. +
-  *   **In Business and Logistics:** For any company involved in international trade with China, dealing with 海关 is a daily reality. They must use specific **海关编码 (hǎi guān biān mǎ)** (HS Codes) for all products and follow complex procedures for declaration and clearance. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 旅客们正在排队等候通过**海关**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǚkèmen zhèngzài páiduì děnghòu tōngguò **hǎi guān**. +
-    * English: The travelers are lining up to go through customs. +
-    * Analysis: This is a very common scenario at an international airport. **通过 (tōngguò)** means "to pass through." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我需要向**海关**申报这块手表吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ xūyào xiàng **hǎi guān** shēnbào zhè kuài shǒubiǎo ma? +
-    * English: Do I need to declare this watch to customs? +
-    * Analysis: **向 (xiàng)** means "to" or "towards," and **申报 (shēnbào)** means "to declare." This is the key question to ask when you're unsure about regulations. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 你的包裹被**海关**扣留了，因为缺少文件。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ de bāoguǒ bèi **hǎi guān** kòuliú le, yīnwèi quēshǎo wénjiàn. +
-    * English: Your package was detained by customs because it was missing documents. +
-    * Analysis: The passive voice with **被 (bèi)** is very common when talking about something being held by customs. **扣留 (kòuliú)** means "to detain." +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * **海关**官员要求打开我的行李箱检查。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Hǎi guān** guānyuán yāoqiú dǎkāi wǒ de xínglǐxiāng jiǎnchá. +
-    * English: The customs officer asked to open my suitcase for inspection. +
-    * Analysis: **官员 (guānyuán)** is the word for "officer" or "official." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 这批货物的**海关**手续非常复杂。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè pī huòwù de **hǎi guān** shǒuxù fēicháng fùzá. +
-    * English: The customs procedures for this shipment of goods are very complicated. +
-    * Analysis: A great sentence for business Chinese. **手续 (shǒuxù)** means "procedures" or "formalities." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 根据**海关**规定，你不能带超过两瓶酒入境。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gēnjù **hǎi guān** guīdìng, nǐ bùnéng dài chāoguò liǎng píng jiǔ rùjìng. +
-    * English: According to customs regulations, you cannot bring more than two bottles of wine into the country. +
-    * Analysis: **规定 (guīdìng)** means "regulations" or "rules." **入境 (rùjìng)** means "to enter a country." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我们公司正在招聘一名熟悉**海关**业务的经理。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī zhèngzài zhāopìn yī míng shúxī **hǎi guān** yèwù de jīnglǐ. +
-    * English: Our company is hiring a manager who is familiar with customs operations. +
-    * Analysis: **业务 (yèwù)** refers to business operations or professional work. This shows the professional context of the term. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 中国**海关**总署发布了最新的进出口数据。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhōngguó **Hǎi guān** Zǒngshǔ fābù le zuìxīn de jìnchūkǒu shùjù. +
-    * English: The General Administration of Customs of China released the latest import-export data. +
-    * Analysis: **海关总署 (Hǎi guān Zǒngshǔ)** is the official name of the entire national agency. **进出口 (jìnchūkǒu)** means "import-export." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 这家公司因为逃避**海关**税款而被罚款。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā gōngsī yīnwèi táobì **hǎi guān** shuìkuǎn ér bèi fákuǎn. +
-    * English: This company was fined for evading customs taxes. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence clearly separates 海关 (the agency) from the 税款 (shuìkuǎn - taxes). **逃避 (táobì)** means to evade or shirk. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 顺利过**海关**之后，我终于松了一口气。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shùnlì guò **hǎi guān** zhīhòu, wǒ zhōngyú sōng le yī kǒu qì. +
-    * English: After getting through customs smoothly, I finally breathed a sigh of relief. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence captures the feeling many international travelers have. **顺利 (shùnlì)** means "smoothly." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  *   **Mistake 1: Confusing the Agency with the Tax.** +
-    *   Many learners mistakenly use **海关 (hǎi guān)** to mean the tax itself. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** 我要付很多**海关**。(Wǒ yào fù hěn duō **hǎi guān**.) - "I have to pay a lot of customs." +
-    *   **Correct:** 我要付很多**关税**。(Wǒ yào fù hěn duō **guānshuì**.) - "I have to pay a lot of customs duties/tariffs." +
-    *   **Rule:** **海关 (hǎi guān)** is the place or the organization. **关税 (guānshuì)** is the money you pay to them. +
-  *   **Mistake 2: Confusing Customs (for Goods) with Immigration (for People).** +
-    *   In English, "Customs and Border Protection" is often a single entity. In Chinese, the functions are distinct. +
-    *   **海关 (hǎi guān):** Deals with **goods**, luggage, and packages. They worry about what you're bringing in. +
-    *   **出入境 (chū rù jìng) / 边防 (biān fáng):** Deals with **people**. They check your passport and visa and decide if *you* can enter the country. +
-    *   **Context:** At an airport, you go through **出入境 (immigration)** first. Then you get your bags and go through **海关 (customs)**. Don't say "海关检查了我的护照 (hǎiguān jiǎnchá le wǒde hùzhào)" (Customs checked my passport). While it might happen, the primary agency for that is immigration. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  *   [[关税]] (guānshuì) - The tax collected by **海关**; customs duty or tariff. +
-  *   [[报关]] (bào guān) - The action of declaring goods to **海关**. +
-  *   [[清关]] (qīng guān) - Customs clearance; the entire process of getting goods through **海关**. +
-  *   [[出入境]] (chū rù jìng) - Immigration; "exit-and-entry." The agency that handles people and passports, as opposed to goods. +
-  *   [[走私]] (zǒu sī) - To smuggle. The illegal act of secretly bringing goods past **海关** to avoid inspection and taxes. +
-  *   [[免税店]] (miǎn shuì diàn) - Duty-free shop. A store where goods are sold without the **关税** (guānshuì) included. +
-  *   [[过关]] (guò guān) - "To pass a gate." A broader term that can mean getting through customs, but also passing a test or overcoming any challenge. +
-  *   [[海关总署]] (Hǎi guān Zǒngshǔ) - The General Administration of Customs (GAC). The official name of the highest customs authority in China. +
-  *   [[违禁品]] (wéijìnpǐn) - Contraband goods; items that are forbidden by **海关** regulations.+