犯罪

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犯罪 [2025/08/10 03:43] – created xiaoer犯罪 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== fànzuì: 犯罪 - To Commit a Crime; Crime ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** fànzuì, 犯罪, commit a crime in Chinese, Chinese word for crime, Chinese law, criminal act, illegal activity in China, Chinese legal terms, fanzui pinyin, what is fanzui. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese term **犯罪 (fànzuì)**, which means "crime" or "to commit a crime." This page provides a deep dive into its meaning, character origins, cultural significance within the Chinese legal system, and practical usage. With over 10 example sentences and analysis, you'll understand how to use `fànzuì` correctly in formal contexts like news and legal discussions, and distinguish it from related terms like `违法 (wéifǎ)` (to break the law) and `犯错 (fàncuò)` (to make a mistake). +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** fànzuì +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To commit a crime; a crime or criminal offense. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** `犯罪` is the formal and legal term for any action that breaks the criminal law. Think of it as the word you would see in a police report, a court document, or a serious news broadcast. It carries significant weight and is not used for minor, everyday mistakes. It refers to a serious transgression against the state and society that warrants legal punishment. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **犯 (fàn):** This character means "to violate," "to offend," or "to transgress." It's composed of the "dog" radical (犭) on the left and a component (巳) that originally depicted a person kneeling. The combination suggests an animal or person overstepping a boundary or acting unruly—a violation. +
-  * **罪 (zuì):** This character means "crime," "guilt," or "sin." The top part (罒) is a variation of the character for "net" (网), and the bottom part (非) means "wrong" or "not." Pictorially, it represents being "caught in the net of wrongdoing." +
-  * **Together, 犯罪 (fànzuì) literally translates to "violate a crime," which is understood as the act of committing a crime.** The characters combine to form a clear and direct legal concept. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-`犯罪` is more than just a legal definition; it's deeply tied to the Chinese cultural emphasis on social order and harmony. +
-In Western cultures, the legal principle of "innocent until proven guilty" is a cornerstone of public consciousness. While this principle is also codified in Chinese law, the cultural weight of being accused of a `犯罪` is immense. An accusation alone can bring great shame (see [[面子]] (miànzi)) not just to the individual, but to their entire family. The focus is often on the disruption of social stability caused by the act. +
-Therefore, `犯罪` is seen as an offense against the collective good and the state's authority, not just a violation of an abstract rule. This contrasts with a more individualistic Western perspective where a crime is often framed as an offense by one individual against another. The term is a pillar in China's ongoing development of "rule of law" (法治 fǎzhì), representing a shift towards a more formalized and codified legal system. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-`犯罪` is a formal and serious term. Its use is largely confined to specific, non-casual contexts. +
-  * **Legal and Official Contexts:** This is the primary domain for `犯罪`. You will hear and see it constantly in police statements, court proceedings, and legal documents. For example, `犯罪嫌疑人 (fànzuì xiányírén)` means "criminal suspect." +
-  * **News Media:** Journalists use `犯罪` when reporting on arrests, trials, and criminal investigations. Phrases like `犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)` (crime rate) and `打击犯罪 (dǎjī fànzuì)` (to crack down on crime) are common. +
-  * **Formal Discussions:** When discussing social issues like juvenile delinquency or organized crime, `犯罪` is the appropriate term. +
-  * **Hyperbole (Rare):** In very informal situations, someone might jokingly say "你这是在犯罪!" (Nǐ zhè shì zài fànzuì! - What you're doing is a crime!) in response to something outrageous (like putting pineapple on their pizza), but this is clearly dramatic exaggeration. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 他因**犯罪**而入狱。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā yīn **fànzuì** ér rùyù. +
-    * English: He was imprisoned for committing a crime. +
-    * Analysis: A straightforward sentence showing `犯罪` as the reason for a legal consequence. `因...而...` is a common structure for "because of... therefore...". +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 我们必须采取措施预防**犯罪**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū cǎiqǔ cuòshī yùfáng **fànzuì**. +
-    * English: We must take measures to prevent crime. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `犯罪` is used as a noun, referring to the general concept of "crime." `预防 (yùfáng)` means "to prevent." +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 这个城市的**犯罪**率逐年下降。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège chéngshì de **fànzuì**lǜ zhúnián xiàjiàng. +
-    * English: This city's crime rate is decreasing year by year. +
-    * Analysis: `犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)` is a set phrase meaning "crime rate," a very common term in sociology and news reports. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 警察正在调查这起**犯罪**案件。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jǐngchá zhèngzài diàochá zhè qǐ **fànzuì** ànjiàn. +
-    * English: The police are investigating this criminal case. +
-    * Analysis: `犯罪` acts as an adjective modifying `案件 (ànjiàn)` (case) to specify it's a criminal case. `起 (qǐ)` is a measure word for cases or incidents. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 任何人都不能以贫穷为借口去**犯罪**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rènhé rén dōu bùnéng yǐ pínqióng wéi jièkǒu qù **fànzuì**. +
-    * English: No one can use poverty as an excuse to commit a crime. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses `犯罪` as a verb. `以...为借口 (yǐ...wéi jièkǒu)` means "to use... as an excuse." +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 他被指控犯有严重的经济**犯罪**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bèi zhǐkòng fàn yǒu yánzhòng de jīngjì **fànzuì**. +
-    * English: He was accused of committing serious economic crimes. +
-    * Analysis: Shows how `犯罪` can be paired with categories, like `经济犯罪` (economic crime) or `网络犯罪` (cybercrime). +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 青少年**犯罪**是一个复杂的社会问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Qīngshàonián **fànzuì** shì yīgè fùzá de shèhuì wèntí. +
-    * English: Juvenile delinquency (youth crime) is a complex social issue. +
-    * Analysis: `青少年犯罪` is a standard term for juvenile crime. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 电影的主题是关于**犯罪**和救赎。 +
-    * Pinyin: Diànyǐng de zhǔtí shì guānyú **fànzuì** hé jiùshú. +
-    * English: The movie's theme is about crime and redemption. +
-    * Analysis: Using `犯罪` as a thematic noun in the context of art or literature. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 他**犯罪**的动机是为了给家人治病。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā **fànzuì** de dòngjī shì wèile gěi jiārén zhìbìng. +
-    * English: His motive for committing the crime was to pay for his family's medical treatment. +
-    * Analysis: `犯罪的动机 (fànzuì de dòngjī)` means "motive for the crime." +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 这里是**犯罪**现场，请不要靠近。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèlǐ shì **fànzuì** xiànchǎng, qǐng bùyào kàojìn. +
-    * English: This is a crime scene, please do not come near. +
-    * Analysis: `犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)` is the direct and standard translation for "crime scene." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Mistake 1: Using `犯罪` for minor errors.** +
-    A common mistake is to use `犯罪` for any mistake or rule-breaking. It is much more serious. Forgetting a friend's birthday is a "mistake" (`错误 cuòwù`), not a "crime" (`犯罪`). +
-    * **Incorrect:** 你迟到了，这是**犯罪**！ (Nǐ chídào le, zhè shì fànzuì!) - //You're late, this is a crime! (Overly dramatic and incorrect).// +
-    * **Correct:** 你迟到了，你犯了一个错误。(Nǐ chídào le, nǐ fàn le yīgè cuòwù.) - You're late, you made a mistake. +
-    * **Also Correct:** 你怎么又迟到了！(Nǐ zěnme yòu chídào le!) - How could you be late again! (More natural expression of annoyance). +
-  * **Mistake 2: Confusing `犯罪 (fànzuì)` with `违法 (wéifǎ)`.** +
-    `违法` means "to break the law" and is broader than `犯罪`. All crimes (`犯罪`) are illegal acts (`违法`), but not all illegal acts are crimes. A parking ticket is `违法`, but it is not `犯罪`. `犯罪` refers specifically to violations of the //criminal// law, which are more serious. +
-  * **Mistake 3: Confusing `犯罪 (fànzuì)` with `有罪 (yǒu zuì)`.** +
-    `犯罪` is the act or concept of committing a crime. `有罪 (yǒu zuì)` means "to be guilty." +
-    * `他犯罪了 (Tā fànzuì le)` - He committed a crime. (Describes the action). +
-    * `法官判他有罪 (Fǎguān pàn tā yǒu zuì)` - The judge found him guilty. (Describes the legal state/verdict). +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[违法]] (wéifǎ) - To break the law. A broader term that includes non-criminal infractions like traffic violations. `犯罪` is a serious form of `违法`. +
-  * [[犯法]] (fànfǎ) - To break the law. A common, slightly more colloquial synonym for `违法`. +
-  * [[罪犯]] (zuìfàn) - A criminal, a convict. The noun for a person who has been convicted of a `犯罪`. +
-  * [[嫌疑人]] (xiányírén) - A suspect. Often used in the compound `犯罪嫌疑人 (fànzuì xiányírén)`. +
-  * [[案件]] (ànjiàn) - A (legal) case. Refers to a specific incident being handled by the police or courts. +
-  * [[法律]] (fǎlǜ) - Law. The set of rules that defines what constitutes a `犯罪`. +
-  * [[警察]] (jǐngchá) - Police. The authorities who investigate `犯罪`. +
-  * [[判刑]] (pànxíng) - To sentence (a person to prison). The punishment for a `犯罪`. +
-  * [[罪恶]] (zuì'è) - Sin, evil. This term has stronger moral and ethical connotations, whereas `犯罪` is a purely legal term. +
-  * [[犯错]] (fàncuò) - To make a mistake, to err. This is for general errors and has no legal implication. It's a key term to distinguish from `犯罪`.+