病假

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病假 [2025/08/10 05:17] – created xiaoer病假 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== bìngjià: 病假 - Sick Leave, Sick Day ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 病假, bingjia, Chinese for sick leave, ask for sick day in Chinese, sick leave in China, work culture China, Chinese vocabulary for work, 请病假, HSK 4 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the essential Chinese term **病假 (bìngjià)**, meaning "sick leave" or "sick day." This comprehensive guide is perfect for learners navigating the Chinese workplace or school environment. Learn the cultural nuances of taking time off for illness in China, see practical example sentences for requesting leave, and understand crucial related terms like a doctor's note (病假条) and personal leave (事假). +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** bìngjià +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Leave of absence from work or school granted because of illness. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **病假 (bìngjià)** is the standard and direct term for "sick leave." It's a compound word that is very literal, making it easy to remember. It's used in all formal and informal contexts when you need to take time off specifically because you are unwell. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **病 (bìng):** This character means "sickness," "illness," or "disease." The radical on the outside, 疒, is known as the "sickness radical" and is found in many characters related to ailments (e.g., 疼 téng - pain, 瘦 shòu - thin). +
-  * **假 (jià):** This character means "leave" or "vacation." Note that this character has another pronunciation, `jiǎ`, which means "false" or "fake." In the context of time off, it is always pronounced with the fourth tone, `jià`. +
-  * The two characters combine logically and literally: **Sickness (病) + Leave (假) = Sick Leave (病假)**. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In China, the concept of **病假 (bìngjià)** is straightforward, but the cultural attitude around it can differ from the West. There is a strong cultural value placed on **吃苦耐劳 (chī kǔ nài láo)**, which means "to bear hardships and endure hard work." Consequently, some employees, particularly from older generations or in more traditional companies, might feel a sense of guilt or hesitation about taking sick leave for minor ailments, fearing they might burden their colleagues. +
-However, in modern, especially urban and international, companies, taking **病假** is a standard and accepted practice. The key difference compared to some Western workplaces lies in the formality and proof required. +
-  *   **Comparison to "Taking a Sick Day" in the West:** In the U.S. or UK, it's often acceptable to call in sick for a "mental health day" or severe stress. In China, **病假** is almost exclusively reserved for demonstrable physical illness. For personal matters, appointments, or stress, one is expected to use a different type of leave called **事假 (shìjià)**, or "personal affairs leave," which is often unpaid. +
-  *   **The Doctor's Note (病假条 - bìngjiàtiáo):** While in some Western countries a doctor's note is only required for extended absences, in China it's very common for companies to require a **病假条 (bìngjiàtiáo)**, or an official doctor's note, even for a single day of sick leave. This makes the process more formal and less based on trust alone. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-Using **病假** correctly is a crucial skill for anyone working or studying in China. +
-  *   **Requesting Leave:** The most common way to use the term is with the verb **请 (qǐng)**, which means "to request" or "to ask for." Thus, **请病假 (qǐng bìngjià)** means "to request sick leave." +
-  *   **Formality:** +
-    *   **Formal:** In an email to HR or a manager, you would write something like: "王经理，我今天身体不适，需要请一天**病假**。" (Wáng jīnglǐ, wǒ jīntiān shēntǐ bùshì, xūyào qǐng yī tiān **bìngjià**.) - "Manager Wang, I am unwell today and need to request one day of sick leave." +
-    *   **Informal:** In a text message (e.g., on WeChat) to your direct supervisor, you might say: "老板，我发烧了，今天想请个**病假**。" (Lǎobǎn, wǒ fāshāo le, jīntiān xiǎng qǐng ge **bìngjià**.) - "Boss, I have a fever and would like to take a sick day today." +
-  *   **Company Policy:** It's important to be aware of your company's specific policies regarding how to apply for **病假** and whether it is paid (**带薪病假 - dàixīn bìngjià**). +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我今天头很疼，想请一天**病假**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ jīntiān tóu hěn téng, xiǎng qǐng yī tiān **bìngjià**. +
-    * English: I have a bad headache today, I'd like to ask for one day of sick leave. +
-    * Analysis: This is a classic, polite, and direct way to request a sick day from a supervisor. The verb `请 (qǐng)` is key here. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 医生建议我休息三天，所以我需要请三天**病假**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng jiànyì wǒ xiūxi sān tiān, suǒyǐ wǒ xūyào qǐng sān tiān **bìngjià**. +
-    * English: The doctor recommended I rest for three days, so I need to request three days of sick leave. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence shows how to justify a longer leave by referencing a doctor's advice. This implies you will have a doctor's note. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 小王今天没来上班，他请**病假**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xiǎo Wáng jīntiān méi lái shàngbān, tā qǐng **bìngjià** le. +
-    * English: Xiao Wang didn't come to work today; he took sick leave. +
-    * Analysis: This is how you would explain a colleague's absence. The particle `了 (le)` indicates the action has been completed. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 你请**病假**需要给公司提供病假条。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ qǐng **bìngjià** xūyào gěi gōngsī tígōng bìngjiàtiáo. +
-    * English: When you request sick leave, you need to provide the company with a doctor's note. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the common procedural requirement of the `病假条 (bìngjiàtiáo)`. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我们的**病假**是带薪的吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen de **bìngjià** shì dàixīn de ma? +
-    * English: Is our sick leave paid? +
-    * Analysis: A crucial question for any employee. `带薪 (dàixīn)` means "paid" (literally "to carry salary"). +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他因为做了个小手术，正在休**病假**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi zuòle ge xiǎo shǒushù, zhèngzài xiū **bìngjià**. +
-    * English: He is currently on sick leave because he had a minor surgery. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `休 (xiū)` is used, meaning "to be on leave." `休病假` is a common collocation, similar to `请病假`. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 经理已经批准了我的**病假**申请。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jīnglǐ yǐjīng pīzhǔnle wǒ de **bìngjià** shēnqǐng. +
-    * English: The manager has already approved my sick leave request. +
-    * Analysis: This introduces two formal work-related words: `批准 (pīzhǔn)` - to approve, and `申请 (shēnqǐng)` - application/request. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 我很少请**病假**，因为不想给同事添麻烦。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ hěn shǎo qǐng **bìngjià**, yīnwèi bùxiǎng gěi tóngshì tiān máfan. +
-    * English: I rarely take sick leave because I don't want to cause trouble for my colleagues. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence reflects the cultural consideration of group harmony and not wanting to burden others. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 如果你只是有点累，不能请**病假**，应该请事假。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ zhǐshì yǒudiǎn lèi, bùnéng qǐng **bìngjià**, yīnggāi qǐng shìjià. +
-    * English: If you're just a little tired, you can't take sick leave; you should request personal leave. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence clearly distinguishes between the appropriate uses of `病假` and `事假 (shìjià)`. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 他把年假和**病假**连在一起，回老家休息了半个月。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bǎ niánjià hé **bìngjià** lián zài yīqǐ, huí lǎojiā xiūxile bàn ge yuè. +
-    * English: He combined his annual leave and sick leave and went back to his hometown to rest for half a month. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how `病假` can be discussed in the context of other types of leave, like `年假 (niánjià)` or annual vacation. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **False Friends: 病假 vs. 事假 (shìjià):** This is the most critical distinction for learners. +
-    * **病假 (bìngjià):** SICK leave. Only for when you are ill. It is often paid (or partially paid) and usually requires a doctor's note. +
-    * **[[事假]] (shìjià):** PERSONAL leave (literally "matter/affair leave"). For personal appointments, family emergencies, or any non-illness-related reason you can't come to work. It is almost always unpaid. +
-    * **Incorrect Usage:** `老板，我今天要去银行，想请个病假。` (Lǎobǎn, wǒ jīntiān yào qù yínháng, xiǎng qǐng ge bìngjià.) - "Boss, I have to go to the bank today, I'd like to take a sick day." This is wrong and could be seen as dishonest. You must use `事假`. +
-  * **Assuming It's Casual:** Do not assume you can simply text "I'm sick" and not show up. The process is often more formal in China than in some Western countries. Always clarify the company procedure for **请病假 (qǐng bìngjià)** and whether a **病假条 (bìngjiàtiáo)** is needed. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * **[[请假]] (qǐngjià):** (v.) To ask for leave. This is the general verb used for all types of leave requests. +
-  * **[[事假]] (shìjià):** (n.) Personal leave. The correct term to use for non-sickness related absences. +
-  * **[[年假]] (niánjià):** (n.) Annual leave; paid vacation time. +
-  * **[[休假]] (xiūjià):** (v./n.) To take a vacation; to be on leave. A more general term for taking time off. +
-  * **[[病假条]] (bìngjiàtiáo):** (n.) A doctor's note for sick leave. An essential document in many Chinese workplaces. +
-  * **[[生病]] (shēngbìng):** (v.) To get sick; to fall ill. The state that leads to you needing 病假. +
-  * **[[加班]] (jiābān):** (v.) To work overtime. The conceptual opposite of taking leave. +
-  * **[[带薪]] (dàixīn):** (adj.) Paid (literally "with salary"), as in **带薪病假 (dàixīn bìngjià)** - paid sick leave. +
-  * **[[扣工资]] (kòu gōngzī):** (v.p.) To deduct from salary. This can happen if sick leave is unexcused or exceeds the paid allowance. +
-  * **[[身体不舒服]] (shēntǐ bù shūfu):** A common, slightly more formal way to say "not feeling well" when requesting leave.+