破坏

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破坏 [2025/08/10 13:59] – created xiaoer破坏 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== pòhuài: 破坏 - To Destroy, Damage, Break, Sabotage ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** pohuai, pòhuài, 破坏, how to say destroy in Chinese, damage in Chinese, Chinese word for sabotage, meaning of pohuai, break in Chinese, ruin relationship Chinese +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the powerful Chinese word **破坏 (pòhuài)**, which means to destroy, damage, or sabotage. This guide covers its meaning from physically breaking objects to ruining abstract concepts like plans, relationships, or a good mood. Understand its cultural weight, see practical examples, and learn how to use it correctly to avoid common mistakes for English-speaking learners. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** pò huài +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb, Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To destroy, break, damage, or undermine something, whether physical or abstract. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **破坏 (pòhuài)** is a strong, negative word. It's not about accidentally dropping a plate; it's about the act of causing significant damage that renders something broken, useless, or ruined. Think of it as actively taking something from a whole, functional state and reducing it to a broken one. This can apply to a building, a computer file, a friendship, or even public order. The core feeling is one of deliberate or severe destruction and loss. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **破 (pò):** This character means "to break," "to split," or "to damage." It's composed of 石 (shí - stone) and 皮 (pí - skin/surface). You can picture using a stone to break or rupture a surface. It signifies a forceful breaking action. +
-  * **坏 (huài):** This character means "bad," "spoiled," or "to go bad." It's made of 土 (tǔ - earth) and 不 (bù - not). A common interpretation is something that has "gone bad" and is no longer good, like food spoiling and returning to the earth in a "bad" state. It implies a state of ruin or being spoiled. +
-When combined, **破坏 (pòhuài)** literally means "to break [until it is] bad/ruined." This fusion creates a powerful meaning: not just to break something, but to damage it to the point of complete ruin and dysfunction. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, which often prioritizes harmony, stability, and collective well-being, the concept of **破坏 (pòhuài)** carries significant negative weight. It's not just a physical act but a social and moral one. +
-A key cultural application is in the social sphere. Phrases like **破坏关系 (pòhuài guānxì)**, "to destroy a relationship," or **破坏气氛 (pòhuài qìfēn)**, "to ruin the atmosphere," are serious statements. While in English one might "sour the mood," the Chinese phrase implies a more active, deliberate, and damaging act—akin to taking a sledgehammer to the good vibes. It's a direct assault on social harmony. +
-Similarly, **破坏公共财产 (pòhuài gōnggòng cáichǎn)**, "destroying public property," is a severe offense. In a collectivist-leaning culture, what belongs to the public is seen as belonging to everyone, so damaging it is an act against the entire community, not just an impersonal object. The term is therefore frequently used in legal and official warnings, carrying a tone of severe disapproval. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**破坏 (pòhuài)** is a versatile word used in many modern contexts. +
-  * **Physical Destruction:** This is the most literal usage. It's used for acts of vandalism, demolition, or any action that causes severe physical damage. +
-    * //"Don't **destroy** the flowers and trees in the park."// (不要**破坏**公园里的花草树木。) +
-  * **Abstract Sabotage:** This is extremely common. It refers to ruining non-physical things. +
-    * **Plans & Projects:** `破坏计划 (pòhuài jìhuà)` - to sabotage a plan. +
-    * **Relationships & Feelings:** `破坏别人的家庭 (pòhuài biérén de jiātíng)` - to destroy someone else's family. +
-    * **Reputation:** `破坏名声 (pòhuài míngshēng)` - to damage a reputation. +
-  * **Technology & Data:** In the digital age, it's used for data corruption or cyber-attacks. +
-    * //"The virus **damaged** many files on my computer."// (病毒**破坏**了我电脑里的很多文件。) +
-  * **As a Noun:** It can also mean "destruction" or "damage." +
-    * //"The typhoon caused great **destruction**."// (台风造成了巨大的**破坏**。) +
-The connotation is almost always negative and implies a serious, often intentional, act. It is more formal than casually saying you "broke" something. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 那个淘气的男孩**破坏**了我的玩具城堡。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nàge táoqì de nánhái **pòhuài** le wǒ de wánjù chéngbǎo. +
-    * English: That naughty boy **destroyed** my toy castle. +
-    * Analysis: A straightforward example of physical destruction. The use of **破坏** implies the castle wasn't just knocked over, but truly broken and ruined. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 你不该说那样的话，那会**破坏**我们的友谊。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bù gāi shuō nàyàng de huà, nà huì **pòhuài** wǒmen de yǒuyì. +
-    * English: You shouldn't have said that, it could **damage** our friendship. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **破坏** is used for an abstract concept (friendship). It highlights the severe negative impact of words on a relationship. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 他们的目的是**破坏**和平谈判。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tāmen de mùdì shì **pòhuài** hépíng tánpàn. +
-    * English: Their goal is to **sabotage** the peace talks. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **破坏** used in a political or strategic context, synonymous with "sabotage" or "undermine." +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 工业污染**破坏**了当地的生态环境。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngyè wūrǎn **pòhuài** le dāngdì de shēngtài huánjìng. +
-    * English: Industrial pollution has **damaged** the local ecological environment. +
-    * Analysis: Used on a large scale to describe environmental destruction. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他迟到了一个小时，彻底**破坏**了晚会的气氛。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā chídào le yī ge xiǎoshí, chèdǐ **pòhuài** le wǎnhuì de qìfēn. +
-    * English: He was an hour late, completely **ruining** the party's atmosphere. +
-    * Analysis: A perfect example of social destruction. The adverb `彻底 (chèdǐ)` meaning "completely" often accompanies **破坏**. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 法律严禁任何人**破坏**文物。 +
-    * Pinyin: Fǎlǜ yánjìn rènhé rén **pòhuài** wénwù. +
-    * English: The law strictly forbids anyone from **damaging** cultural relics. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the formal, legal usage of the term. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 长期熬夜会**破坏**你的身体健康。 +
-    * Pinyin: Chángqī áoyè huì **pòhuài** nǐ de shēntǐ jiànkāng. +
-    * English: Staying up late for a long time will **destroy** your health. +
-    * Analysis: Shows that you can use **破坏** for abstract concepts like "health," implying a slow but severe degradation. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 很抱歉，这个文件好像被**破坏**了，打不开。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hěn bàoqiàn, zhège wénjiàn hǎoxiàng bèi **pòhuài** le, dǎbukāi. +
-    * English: I'm sorry, this file seems to have been **corrupted**; it won't open. +
-    * Analysis: This uses the passive voice (`被 bèi`) and is a very common phrase in a tech context, equivalent to a file being "corrupted" or "damaged." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 谣言的传播对他的名声造成了极大的**破坏**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yáoyán de chuánbō duì tā de míngshēng zàochéng le jídà de **pòhuài**. +
-    * English: The spread of rumors caused great **damage** to his reputation. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **破坏** is used as a noun, meaning "damage" or "destruction." +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 有人在故意**搞破坏**，我们必须查清楚。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yǒu rén zài gùyì **gǎo pòhuài**, wǒmen bìxū chá qīngchu. +
-    * English: Someone is deliberately **committing sabotage**, we have to investigate. +
-    * Analysis: Introduces the common colloquial phrase `搞破坏 (gǎo pòhuài)`, which means "to engage in sabotage" or "to make trouble." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-A common pitfall for learners is confusing **破坏 (pòhuài)** with other words for "break." +
-  * **破坏 (pòhuài) vs. 弄坏 (nòng huài) vs. 打破 (dǎpò)** +
-    * **破坏 (pòhuài):** Strongest and most severe. Implies serious, often deliberate, damage and ruin. Use for vandalism, sabotaging plans, destroying relationships. +
-      * //Correct: 他**破坏**了整个系统。 (Tā **pòhuài** le zhěnggè xìtǒng.) - He **sabotaged** the whole system.// +
-    * **弄坏 (nòng huài):** More casual, often accidental. Means "to break something through mishandling." Use for everyday objects. +
-      * //Correct: 我不小心把你的手机**弄坏**了。(Wǒ bù xiǎoxīn bǎ nǐ de shǒujī **nòng huài** le.) - I accidentally **broke** your phone.// +
-    * **打破 (dǎpò):** To break something fragile (like glass, a record, a promise) with a sharp action. +
-      * //Correct: 小心，别**打破**那个杯子。(Xiǎoxīn, bié **dǎpò** nàge bēizi.) - Be careful, don't **break** that cup.// +
-  * **False Friend: "Break"** +
-    The English word "break" can be neutral or even positive (e.g., "take a break," "break a world record"). **破坏 (pòhuài)** is //never// positive. It always means negative destruction. +
-    * **Incorrect:** ~~我想**破坏**一下。~~ (Wǒ xiǎng **pòhuài** yīxià.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** This sounds like "I want to go destroy something for a bit." +
-    * **Correct:** 我想休息一下。(Wǒ xiǎng xiūxi yīxià.) - I want to take a break. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[损坏]] (sǔnhuài) - To damage. More formal and technical than **破坏**, often used for equipment, goods, or parts that are now faulty. +
-  * [[摧毁]] (cuīhuǐ) - To destroy, to smash. Even stronger than **破坏**, implying complete obliteration, often by a powerful force (e.g., an army, an earthquake). +
-  * [[搞破坏]] (gǎo pòhuài) - To engage in sabotage. A common colloquial phrase that emphasizes the act of deliberately causing trouble or damage. +
-  * [[毁坏]] (huǐhuài) - To ruin, to destroy. A very close synonym to **破坏**, perhaps slightly more literary or formal. +
-  * [[颠覆]] (diānfù) - To subvert, to overthrow. Used for intangible, large-scale systems like governments, authority, or traditional concepts. +
-  * [[糟蹋]] (zāotà) - To ruin, waste, or spoil. Often used for squandering resources, food, or opportunities, and can also mean to defile or insult. +
-  * [[建设]] (jiànshè) - Antonym: to build, to construct. The positive counterpart to **破坏**. +
-  * [[修复]] (xiūfù) - Antonym: to repair, to restore. The action one takes after something has been **破坏**.+