福利

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福利 [2025/08/10 05:20] – created xiaoer福利 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== fúlì: 福利 - Benefits, Welfare, Perks ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** fúlì, 福利, fúlì meaning, fúlì in Chinese, Chinese for benefits, company perks in Chinese, social welfare in China, employee benefits China, what does fúlì mean, fan service in Chinese, 福利姬 +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese word **福利 (fúlì)** is a versatile and essential term that translates to benefits, welfare, or perks. It broadly covers everything from formal employee **benefits** packages (**五险一金**) and government social **welfare** programs to informal **perks** like special discounts or even "fan service" in pop culture. Understanding **fúlì** is key to grasping how Chinese society views the relationship between individuals and larger entities like companies and the state, where receiving these "extra good things" is a fundamental expectation. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** fú lì +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Tangible or intangible benefits, welfare, or perks provided by an organization (like a government or company) to a group of people. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of `福利` as "the extra good stuff." It's not your salary, but everything else that makes a job or situation better. This can be serious and structured, like health insurance and paid leave, or fun and informal, like a company-sponsored pizza party, a special freebie for customers, or a celebrity posting a cute selfie for their fans. The word carries a universally positive feeling of receiving something advantageous and desirable. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **福 (fú):** This character means "blessing," "good fortune," or "happiness." It's one of the most auspicious characters in Chinese, famously displayed on doors (often upside down) during the Spring Festival to invite good luck into the home. +
-  * **利 (lì):** This character means "benefit," "advantage," or "profit." It's associated with things that are helpful or favorable. +
-  * Together, **福利 (fúlì)** literally means "blessed benefits" or "fortunate advantages." The combination perfectly captures the essence of receiving positive and beneficial provisions from a larger entity, implying that these perks are a form of good fortune. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * `福利` is a cornerstone concept in understanding the Chinese social contract. Historically and culturally, there's a strong expectation that a larger, more powerful entity (the state, the clan, the company) has a responsibility to provide for the well-being of its members. This is rooted in collectivist values where the group's prosperity is paramount. +
-  * **Comparison to Western Concepts:** In American culture, "benefits" (from a job) are seen as part of a compensation package you earn, while "welfare" (from the government) can sometimes carry a stigma. `福利` merges these concepts and strips away the negative connotation. Whether it's from a top tech company or a government social program, `福利` is seen as a positive and often expected provision. This reflects the traditional view of the state and the employer as paternalistic providers. This idea was historically embodied by the "**铁饭碗 (tiě fànwǎn)**" or "iron rice bowl," a system where state-owned enterprises provided cradle-to-grave `福利`, including housing, healthcare, and education for an employee's entire family. While the "iron rice bowl" has largely disappeared, the cultural expectation for good `福利` remains strong. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-`福利` is an extremely common word used in various contexts, from formal business negotiations to casual online slang. +
-  * **In the Workplace:** This is the most frequent usage. When discussing a job offer, `福利` is just as important as `工资 (gōngzī)` (salary). It refers to the entire benefits package. +
-    *   **Baseline:** The mandatory `五险一金 (wǔ xiǎn yī jīn)` (Five Insurances and One Housing Fund) is the legal minimum `福利`. +
-    *   **Competitive Perks:** Companies attract talent with better `福利`, such as free meals, transportation subsidies, gym memberships, extra vacation days, and generous team-building activities. +
-  * **Social and Government Context:** This refers to social welfare programs like unemployment assistance, disability support, public healthcare subsidies, and other forms of social security (`社会保障 shèhuì bǎozhàng`). +
-  * **Commercial and Online Context:** `福利` has taken on a much broader, informal meaning in modern digital life. +
-    *   **Promotions:** A "buy one, get one free" sale or a special discount for members can be described as a `福利`. The company is giving its customers a perk. +
-    *   **Fan Service:** In entertainment (anime, games, celebrity culture), `福利` is the standard term for "fan service." When an idol posts a candid photo, or a game releases a special cosmetic item, it's called `发福利 (fā fúlì)`—"distributing benefits" to the fans. +
-    *   **福利姬 (fúlì jī):** A controversial modern term, literally "welfare princess/girl." It refers to online personalities who provide alluring or sexually suggestive content to "fans" in exchange for payment, framing it as a special `福利`. This usage exists in a gray area and is often associated with online sex work. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** (Corporate Benefits) +
-    * 我们公司**福利**很好，有年终奖金还有带薪年假。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī **fúlì** hěn hǎo, yǒu niánzhōng jiǎngjīn hái yǒu dàixīn niánjià. +
-    * English: My company's **benefits** are great; we have a year-end bonus and paid annual leave. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most classic and common usage of `福利`, referring to an employee benefits package. +
-  * **Example 2:** (Asking about a job) +
-    * 这份工作的工资不错，但是**福利**怎么样？ +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè fèn gōngzuò de gōngzī bùcuò, dànshì **fúlì** zěnmeyàng? +
-    * English: The salary for this job is pretty good, but what are the **perks** like? +
-    * Analysis: This shows how `福利` is considered separate from, but equally important to, salary (`工资`). +
-  * **Example 3:** (Social Welfare) +
-    * 政府应该为失业人员提供更多的社会**福利**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ yīnggāi wèi shīyè rényuán tígōng gèng duō de shèhuì **fúlì**. +
-    * English: The government should provide more social **welfare** for the unemployed. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `福利` is used in its formal, governmental sense. +
-  * **Example 4:** (Fan Service) +
-    * 偶像今天发了自拍，真是粉丝大**福利**啊！ +
-    * Pinyin: Ǒuxiàng jīntiān fā le zìpāi, zhēnshì fěnsī dà **fúlì** a! +
-    * English: The idol posted a selfie today, it's such a great **perk/treat** for the fans! +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the modern, informal use of `福利` to mean "fan service" or a special treat. +
-  * **Example 5:** (Commercial Promotion) +
-    * 今天本店有**福利**活动，所有咖啡买一送一。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jīntiān běn diàn yǒu **fúlì** huódòng, suǒyǒu kāfēi mǎi yī sòng yī. +
-    * English: Our shop is having a **special offer** (benefit event) today, all coffees are buy-one-get-one-free. +
-    * Analysis: `福利` is used here to make a commercial promotion sound like a special gift to the customer. +
-  * **Example 6:** (A Small, Everyday Perk) +
-    * 能在家工作就是我最大的**福利**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Néng zài jiā gōngzuò jiùshì wǒ zuìdà de **fúlì**. +
-    * English: Being able to work from home is the biggest **perk** for me. +
-    * Analysis: This shows `福利` can describe a non-monetary, situational advantage. +
-  * **Example 7:** (Holiday Perk) +
-    * 公司中秋节给每个员工发了一盒月饼，这个**福利**很贴心。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī Zhōngqiūjié gěi měi ge yuángōng fā le yī hé yuèbǐng, zhè ge **fúlì** hěn tiēxīn. +
-    * English: The company gave every employee a box of mooncakes for the Mid-Autumn Festival; this **perk** is very thoughtful. +
-    * Analysis: Highlights how traditional holiday gifts from an employer are considered a form of `福利`. +
-  * **Example 8:** (Verb form "to benefit") +
-    * 这个新政策**福利**了很多人。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège xīn zhèngcè **fúlì** le hěn duō rén. +
-    * English: This new policy has **benefited** many people. +
-    * Analysis: While primarily a noun, `福利` can occasionally be used as a verb meaning "to provide benefits to" or "to benefit." +
-  * **Example 9:** (Complaining about a lack of benefits) +
-    * 他换工作就是因为以前的公司一点儿**福利**都没有。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā huàn gōngzuò jiùshì yīnwèi yǐqián de gōngsī yīdiǎnr **fúlì** dōu méiyǒu. +
-    * English: He changed jobs precisely because his previous company had absolutely no **benefits**. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates a negative use case, emphasizing the importance of `福利` in job satisfaction. +
-  * **Example 10:** (Abstract Benefit) +
-    * 干净的空气和安全的街道是市民的**福利**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gānjìng de kōngqì hé ānquán de jiēdào shì shìmín de **fúlì**. +
-    * English: Clean air and safe streets are a **benefit/boon** for the city's residents. +
-    * Analysis: The term can be extended to describe public goods or abstract advantages enjoyed by a group. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`福利` is not Salary:** A very common mistake for learners is to confuse `福利 (fúlì)` with `工资 (gōngzī)`. +
-    *   `工资 (gōngzī)` is your salary, the money you earn for doing your job. +
-    *   `福利 (fúlì)` is everything else: health insurance, paid leave, free lunch, company phone, etc. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** ~~我的福利是每月一万块。~~ (My benefit is 10,000 RMB per month.) +
-    *   **Correct:** 我的**工资**是每月一万块，**福利**也很好。 (My **salary** is 10,000 RMB per month, and the **benefits** are also great.) +
-  * **`福利 (fúlì)` vs. `好处 (hǎochu)`:** These can both be translated as "benefit," but they are not interchangeable. +
-    *   `好处 (hǎochu)` is more general, meaning "advantage," "pro," or "good point." It can apply to anything. (e.g., "The `好处` of waking up early is having more time.") +
-    *   `福利 (fúlì)` is a specific type of `好处`, one that is systematically provided by an organization or entity to a group. +
-    *   **Example:** 学习中文有很多**好处** (There are many **advantages** to learning Chinese). You would not use `福利` here. +
-    *   **Example:** 我们公司的**福利**包括免费午餐，这是一个很大的**好处** (Our company's **benefits** include free lunch, which is a big **advantage**). +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[工资]] (gōngzī) - Salary. The payment for labor, distinct from `福利`. +
-  * [[奖金]] (jiǎngjīn) - Bonus. A monetary reward that is often considered a type of `福利`. +
-  * [[补贴]] (bǔtiē) - Subsidy, allowance. A specific monetary benefit, like a transportation or meal `补贴`. +
-  * [[待遇]] (dàiyù) - Remuneration package, treatment. A broader term that includes salary, benefits, work environment, and status. `福利` is a major component of `待遇`. +
-  * [[五险一金]] (wǔ xiǎn yī jīn) - The "Five Insurances and One Housing Fund." The legally mandated core of employee `福利` in China. +
-  * [[好处]] (hǎochu) - Advantage, good point. The general term for a benefit, of which `福利` is a specific, institutionalized type. +
-  * [[社会保障]] (shèhuì bǎozhàng) - Social Security. The formal government system for providing social `福利`. +
-  * [[铁饭碗]] (tiě fànwǎn) - Iron Rice Bowl. The historical system of guaranteed lifetime employment and comprehensive `福利` in state-owned enterprises.+