科学

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科学 [2025/08/09 03:20] – created xiaoer科学 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== kexue: 科学 - Science, Scientific ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** kexue, 科学, what is science in Chinese, Chinese word for science, scientific method in Chinese, kexue meaning, Chinese for scientist, science and technology in China. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese term **科学 (kēxué)**, the word for **science**. This page provides a complete guide for beginners, explaining not only its direct translation but also its use as an adjective meaning "scientific" or "logical." Discover the cultural significance of 科学 in modern China's development, see practical examples of how it's used in daily conversation, and learn to distinguish it from related concepts like technology (技术, jìshù). +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** kēxué +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Science; or, as an adjective, scientific and methodical. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** 科学 (kēxué) is the direct Chinese equivalent of the English word "science." It encompasses the systematic study of the world, including fields like physics and biology. Crucially for learners, it's also frequently used as an adjective to describe a method, plan, or explanation as being logical, rational, and evidence-based. If something "makes sense" from a practical, systematic standpoint, you can say it's very "科学". +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **科 (kē):** This character originally related to classifying or measuring. In modern Chinese, it signifies a "branch," "division," or "department." Think of it as a specific branch of knowledge. +
-  * **学 (xué):** This character means "to study" or "to learn." It's a fundamental component of words related to education, like [[学生]] (xuésheng - student) and [[学校]] (xuéxiào - school). +
-  * Together, **科学 (kēxué)** literally translates to "the study of branches" or "classified learning." This beautifully captures the essence of science as a system for organizing and understanding knowledge about the world. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The concept of 科学 (kēxué) is central to understanding modern China. The term itself was imported from Japan in the late 19th century to translate the Western concept of "science," which is based on hypothesis, experimentation, and a theoretical framework. +
-This contrasts with traditional Chinese systems of knowledge. While ancient China was a powerhouse of invention (e.g., gunpowder, paper, the compass), these were often products of empirical observation and practical craftsmanship rather than a formalized "scientific method." +
-In contemporary China, 科学 is not just an academic area; it is a pillar of national policy and a core cultural value. Deng Xiaoping's famous declaration, "**科学技术是第一生产力**" (kēxué jìshù shì dìyī shēngchǎnlì) — "Science and technology are the primary productive force" — set the stage for the nation's rapid economic development. Unlike in some Western cultures where "science vs. faith" can be a point of social debate, in China, 科学 is promoted almost as a state-endorsed worldview for progress, problem-solving, and achieving national strength. It represents modernity, rationality, and the path away from what might be considered "feudal" or "superstitious" (迷信, míxìn) ways of thinking. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-科学 is an incredibly versatile word used in many contexts. +
-**As a Noun (Science):** +
-It is used to refer to the general field of science or a specific academic subject. +
-  * 我对**科学**很感兴趣。 (Wǒ duì **kēxué** hěn gǎn xìngqù.) - I'm very interested in **science**. +
-  * 他的专业是生命**科学**。 (Tā de zhuānyè shì shēngmìng **kēxué**.) - His major is life **science**. +
-**As an Adjective (Scientific, Logical, Rational):** +
-This is a very common usage that English speakers should master. It's used to praise something for being well-thought-out, efficient, or healthy. Conversely, **不科学 (bù kēxué)** means "unscientific," but is used broadly to mean "illogical," "unreasonable," or "unhealthy." +
-  * 你的减肥计划很**科学**。 (Nǐ de jiǎnféi jìhuà hěn **kēxué**.) - Your weight-loss plan is very **scientific** (i.e., sensible and well-balanced). +
-  * 每天只睡四个小时太**不科学**了。 (Měitiān zhǐ shuì sì ge xiǎoshí tài **bù kēxué** le.) - Sleeping only four hours a day is very **unscientific** (i.e., unhealthy and unsustainable). +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我们要用**科学**的方法解决问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yào yòng **kēxué** de fāngfǎ jiějué wèntí. +
-    * English: We need to use **scientific** methods to solve problems. +
-    * Analysis: Here, 科学 functions as an adjective modifying 方法 (fāngfǎ), meaning "method." This highlights the need for a logical, evidence-based approach. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 他是一位伟大的**科学家**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì yí wèi wěidà de **kēxuéjiā**. +
-    * English: He is a great **scientist**. +
-    * Analysis: 科学 forms the root of the word [[科学家]] (kēxuéjiā - scientist), which literally means "science specialist" or "science family." +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 这篇文章缺乏**科学**依据。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè piān wénzhāng quēfá **kēxué** yījù. +
-    * English: This article lacks a **scientific** basis. +
-    * Analysis: This is a formal way of saying a claim is unsubstantiated. 依据 (yījù) means "basis" or "evidence." +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 合理饮食和规律运动才最**科学**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hélǐ yǐnshí hé guīlǜ yùndòng cái zuì **kēxué**. +
-    * English: A reasonable diet and regular exercise are the most **scientific** (i.e., sensible/healthy). +
-    * Analysis: This is a prime example of using 科学 to mean "the most rational or healthy way." It's not about lab coats, but about a logical approach to health. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * **科学**技术的发展改变了我们的生活。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Kēxué** jìshù de fāzhǎn gǎibiànle wǒmen de shēnghuó. +
-    * English: The development of **science** and technology has changed our lives. +
-    * Analysis: The compound [[科学技术]] (kēxué jìshù), often shortened to 科技 (kējì), is extremely common in discussions about progress and modernity in China. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他的解释听起来很**科学**，但实际上是错的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de jiěshì tīng qǐlái hěn **kēxué**, dàn shíjìshang shì cuò de. +
-    * English: His explanation sounds very **scientific**, but it's actually wrong. +
-    * Analysis: This shows that 科学 can describe the //appearance// of being logical, even if the content is flawed. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 你不能完全相信所谓的“**科学**”算命。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bùnéng wánquán xiāngxìn suǒwèi de “**kēxué**” suànmìng. +
-    * English: You can't completely believe in so-called "**scientific**" fortune-telling. +
-    * Analysis: The quotation marks around 科学 indicate skepticism. It shows how the word's authority can be co-opted to lend credibility to pseudoscientific practices. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 对孩子进行**科学**教育非常重要。 +
-    * Pinyin: Duì háizi jìnxíng **kēxué** jiàoyù fēicháng zhòngyào. +
-    * English: It is very important to give children a **science** education. +
-    * Analysis: A straightforward use of 科学 as a noun within the compound 科学教育 (kēxué jiàoyù - science education). +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 这种管理方式一点也**不科学**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè zhǒng guǎnlǐ fāngshì yìdiǎnr yě **bù kēxué**. +
-    * English: This management style is not at all **scientific** (i.e., it's inefficient and illogical). +
-    * Analysis: A common complaint in a workplace or organization. 不科学 (bù kēxué) is a powerful but common critique of a system or process. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 任何**科学**理论都必须经得起实验的检验。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rènhé **kēxué** lǐlùn dōu bìxū jīng de qǐ shíyàn de jiǎnyàn. +
-    * English: Any **scientific** theory must be able to withstand the test of experimentation. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence captures the core philosophy of the scientific method. It links 科学 with [[理论]] (lǐlùn - theory) and [[实验]] (shíyàn - experiment). +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Mistaking 科学 (kēxué) for 技术 (jìshù):** This is the most common pitfall. +
-    * **科学 (kēxué)** is the //theory// and //knowledge//. It's about understanding //why// things work. (e.g., Physics, Biology). +
-    * **[[技术]] (jìshù)** is the //application// and //skill//. It's about //how// to make things work. (e.g., Computer programming, engineering). +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我在学习手机**科学**。 (Wǒ zài xuéxí shǒujī kēxué.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我在学习手机维修**技术**。 (Wǒ zài xuéxí shǒujī wéixiū jìshù.) - I am learning phone repair **technology/skills**. +
-  * **Overusing "Scientific":** In English, calling a diet "scientific" sounds a bit formal or nerdy. In Chinese, saying a diet is **很科学 (hěn kēxué)** is a very common and natural compliment, meaning it's well-balanced and sensible. Don't be afraid to use it this way. +
-  * **Understanding 不科学 (bù kēxué):** Remember that "unscientific" in Chinese has a much broader meaning than in English. It's a go-to word for criticizing anything as "illogical," "inefficient," or "unhealthy." +
-    * **Example:** "Waking up at noon and going to bed at 4 AM is **不科学**." This doesn't mean it defies the laws of physics; it means it's a bad, unhealthy lifestyle. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[技术]] (jìshù) - Technology; skill. The practical application of 科学. +
-  * [[科学家]] (kēxuéjiā) - Scientist. A person who works in the field of 科学. +
-  * [[迷信]] (míxìn) - Superstition. Often presented as the direct opposite of 科学. +
-  * [[理论]] (lǐlùn) - Theory. A core component of the scientific process. +
-  * [[实验]] (shíyàn) - Experiment; test. The method used to verify scientific theories. +
-  * [[知识]] (zhīshi) - Knowledge. The general outcome of learning and scientific discovery. +
-  * [[学科]] (xuékē) - Academic subject; discipline. 科学 is a major category of 学科. +
-  * [[物理]] (wùlǐ) - Physics. A specific field of 科学. +
-  * [[化学]] (huàxué) - Chemistry. A specific field of 科学. +
-  * [[哲学]] (zhéxué) - Philosophy. The study of fundamental questions, sometimes seen as a precursor or parallel to 科学.+