空缺

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空缺 [2025/08/13 20:10] – created xiaoer空缺 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== kōngquē: 空缺 - Vacancy, Opening, Unfilled Post ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** kongque, kōngquē, 空缺, Chinese for vacancy, job opening in Chinese, unfilled position, professional Chinese, business Chinese, HSK 5 vocabulary, 空缺 meaning, how to say vacancy in Chinese. +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **空缺 (kōngquē)**, the essential Chinese word for a **job vacancy** or **unfilled position**. This comprehensive guide is perfect for learners aiming to work in a Chinese-speaking environment. We'll break down **空缺** into its core characters, provide practical example sentences for job hunting and business contexts, and explain how to use it correctly to discuss **openings** in a company or organization in Mandarin Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** kōngquē +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun (primarily); Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A vacancy, an opening, or an unfilled position, especially in a job, committee, or organization. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **空缺 (kōngquē)** is the standard, slightly formal term for a "vacancy." Think of it as the word you would see in an official job posting (a "招聘启事 zhāopìn qǐshì") or use when speaking with HR. It precisely describes a role or position that is currently empty and needs to be filled. While it can be used as a verb ("the position is vacant"), it is most commonly used as a noun ("there is a vacancy"). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **空 (kōng):** This character means "empty," "hollow," or "vacant." It's the same character found in words like **空气 (kōngqì)**, meaning "air," and **有空 (yǒu kòng)**, meaning "to have free time." It pictorially represents a cave or hole (穴) being worked on or cleared out by a tool (工), resulting in an empty space. +
-  * **缺 (quē):** This character means "to lack," "a deficiency," or "a gap." It's used in words like **缺少 (quēshǎo)**, "to lack," and **缺点 (quēdiǎn)**, "shortcoming" or "weakness." It suggests that something is missing or incomplete. +
-  * The two characters combine literally and logically: an "empty" (空) position that has a "lack" (缺) of a person. Together, they create the precise meaning of an unfilled post or vacancy. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **空缺 (kōngquē)** is a practical term whose significance is tied to China's modern, dynamic economy. While the concept of a "vacancy" is universal, its cultural weight in China has shifted dramatically. +
-  * In the past, under the "iron rice bowl" (铁饭碗 tiě fànwǎn) system, a secure job in a state-owned enterprise was for life, and a **空缺** was rare and highly sought after, often filled internally or through connections. Today, in China's competitive market economy, **空缺** represents opportunity, mobility, and the constant churn of talent. The term is now a standard part of the vocabulary for millions of university graduates and professionals navigating the job market. +
-  * **Comparison to English:** Similar to how "vacancy" in English sounds more formal than "job opening," **空缺 (kōngquē)** is more formal than simply asking a friend, "你们公司要人吗？" (Nǐmen gōngsī yào rén ma? - "Is your company hiring?"). Using **空缺** demonstrates a professional understanding of business and employment contexts, making it essential for anyone looking to work or conduct business in China. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **空缺 (kōngquē)** is primarily used in professional and formal settings. +
-  * **In Business and HR:** A Human Resources department will announce, "我们公司有一个市场经理的**空缺**" (Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu yí ge shìchǎng jīnglǐ de **kōngquē** - "Our company has a vacancy for a marketing manager"). It's the official term for an open role on an organizational chart. +
-  * **In Job Seeking:** An applicant might say, "我来应聘这个**空缺**" (Wǒ lái yìngpìn zhège **kōngquē** - "I am here to apply for this vacancy"). It shows you are aware of the specific, official opening. +
-  * **In News and Reports:** Media reports on the economy might discuss the number of **空缺** in a particular industry to indicate its health and growth. +
-  * **Formality:** It is neutral to formal. You would rarely use it in a very casual chat unless the specific topic is a formal job search. For a casual context, you'd be more likely to use phrases like "找工作 (zhǎo gōngzuò - look for a job)" or ask if a company is "招人 (zhāo rén - recruiting people)." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我们公司目前正好有一个**空缺**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī mùqián zhènghǎo yǒu yí ge **kōngquē**. +
-    * English: Our company happens to have a vacancy right now. +
-    * Analysis: This is a very common and direct sentence an HR manager or employee might say to a potential candidate. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 他辞职后，留下了一个重要的**空缺**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā cízhí hòu, liúxiàle yí ge zhòngyào de **kōngquē**. +
-    * English: After he resigned, he left an important vacancy. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights that **空缺** refers to the position itself, which is left empty after someone's departure. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 我们需要尽快填补这个**空缺**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xūyào jǐnkuài tiánbǔ zhège **kōngquē**. +
-    * English: We need to fill this vacancy as soon as possible. +
-    * Analysis: The verb **填补 (tiánbǔ)**, meaning "to fill in (a gap)", is the perfect partner for **空缺**. This is a key verb-object collocation to learn. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 请问贵公司还有其他的**空缺**吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Qǐngwèn guì gōngsī hái yǒu qítā de **kōngquē** ma? +
-    * English: Excuse me, does your esteemed company have any other vacancies? +
-    * Analysis: A polite and formal way for a job seeker to inquire about other opportunities. Note the use of the respectful **贵公司 (guì gōngsī)**. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 这个职位**空缺**了半年，一直没找到合适的人。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège zhíwèi **kōngquē** le bàn nián, yìzhí méi zhǎodào héshì de rén. +
-    * English: This position has been vacant for half a year; they still haven't found a suitable person. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence demonstrates the less common verbal usage of **空缺**, meaning "to be vacant." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 由于业务扩张，公司创造了十个新的**空缺**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yóuyú yèwù kuòzhāng, gōngsī chuàngzàole shí ge xīn de **kōngquē**. +
-    * English: Due to business expansion, the company created ten new vacancies. +
-    * Analysis: Shows how **空缺** can be quantified and used in the context of company growth. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我在网站上看到了你们的招聘广告，想申请这个**空缺**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zài wǎngzhàn shàng kàndàole nǐmen de zhāopìn guǎnggào, xiǎng shēnqǐng zhège **kōngquē**. +
-    * English: I saw your recruitment ad on the website and would like to apply for this vacancy. +
-    * Analysis: This is a perfect, practical sentence for an email or phone call when applying for a job. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 董事会正在讨论由谁来接替这个**空缺**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Dǒngshìhuì zhèngzài tǎolùn yóu shéi lái jiētì zhège **kōngquē**. +
-    * English: The board of directors is discussing who will take over this vacant position. +
-    * Analysis: This example shows **空缺** being used in a high-level corporate context. **接替 (jiētì)** means "to replace" or "to take over a role." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 目前技术部门的**空缺**最多。 +
-    * Pinyin: Mùqián jìshù bùméi de **kōngquē** zuì duō. +
-    * English: Currently, the technical department has the most vacancies. +
-    * Analysis: Useful for internal discussions about hiring needs across different departments. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 填补这个**空缺**是我们的首要任务。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tiánbǔ zhège **kōngquē** shì wǒmen de shǒuyào rènwù. +
-    * English: Filling this vacancy is our top priority. +
-    * Analysis: Emphasizes the urgency and importance of the hiring process. **首要任务 (shǒuyào rènwù)** means "top priority" or "primary task." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **空缺 (kōngquē) vs. 空位 (kōngwèi):** This is the most common mistake for learners. +
-    * **空缺 (kōngquē)** refers to an abstract **position or role** in an organization. +
-    * **空位 (kōngwèi)** refers to a physical **empty seat or space** (e.g., on a bus, in a cinema, at a table). +
-    * //Incorrect:// 电影院里有很多**空缺**。 (Diànyǐngyuàn lǐ yǒu hěn duō **kōngquē**.) +
-    * **Correct:** 电影院里有很多**空位**。 (Diànyǐngyuàn lǐ yǒu hěn duō **kōngwèi**.) - There are many empty seats in the cinema. +
-    * **Correct:** 我们公司有一个**空缺**。 (Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu yí ge **kōngquē**.) - Our company has a vacancy. +
-  * **空缺 (kōngquē) vs. 机会 (jīhuì):** +
-    * **空缺** is a concrete, specific, and official "vacancy." It's a defined job that is open. +
-    * **机会 (jīhuì)** means "opportunity" or "chance." It is much more abstract and general. A company might offer many opportunities for promotion (**晋升机会 jìnshēng jīhuì**) without having any current vacancies. +
-    * Example: 这家公司有很多发展**机会** (jīhuì), 但是目前没有**空缺** (kōngquē). - This company has many opportunities for development, but currently has no vacancies. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * `[[职位]] (zhíwèi)` - Position; Post. This is the //thing// that can have a **空缺**. It's the role itself. +
-  * `[[招聘]] (zhāopìn)` - To recruit; Recruitment. This is the //process// of filling a **空缺**. +
-  * `[[应聘]] (yìngpìn)` - To apply for a job. This is the //action// a candidate takes in response to a **空缺**. +
-  * `[[填补]] (tiánbǔ)` - To fill (a vacancy, a gap). The most common verb used with **空缺**. +
-  * `[[岗位]] (gǎngwèi)` - Post; Station; Job. A close synonym for **职位**, often used for more specific or functional roles. +
-  * `[[空位]] (kōngwèi)` - Empty seat. A "false friend" that refers to a physical space, not a job role. +
-  * `[[缺少]] (quēshǎo)` - To lack; to be short of. The verb form of the character **缺**, describing the state of needing something. +
-  * `[[辞职]] (cízhí)` - To resign. The action that often creates a **空缺**. +
-  * `[[入职]] (rùzhí)` - To start a new job; to be onboarded. The action that resolves a **空缺**.+