空闲

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空闲 [2025/08/10 11:33] – created xiaoer空闲 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== kòngxián: 空闲 - Free, Unoccupied, At leisure ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** kongxian, 空闲, kòng xián, Chinese for free time, free time in Chinese, unoccupied in Chinese, what does kongxian mean, how to say I am free in Chinese, kòng vs xián, leisure time Chinese, Chinese for available +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese word **kòngxián (空闲)**, the primary term for describing "free time," being "unoccupied," or "at leisure." This page breaks down what `kòngxián` means, its cultural significance in fast-paced modern China, and how to use it correctly to ask if someone is free, talk about your schedule, or even describe an available resource. Mastering `kòngxián` is key to moving beyond basic conversation and scheduling plans like a native speaker. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** kòngxián +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective, Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Describes a state of being not busy, having available time, or a resource being unused or idle. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** `空闲` is the most direct and versatile word for "free time" on a schedule. Think of it as the opposite of `忙 (máng)`, meaning "busy." It refers to a concrete block of time where you have no obligations. It can describe a person ("I am free"), a period of time ("free time"), or even an object ("an idle machine" or "an available seat"). It's a neutral, factual term about availability. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **空 (kōng):** This character means "empty," "hollow," or "sky." The image is of a hole or cave (穴) being dug out by a tool or worker (工). It signifies emptiness or a void. +
-  * **闲 (xián):** This character means "idle" or "leisure." It's a beautiful pictograph of a person looking at the **moon (月)** through the crack of a **door (门)**. This paints a picture of someone at home, with nothing pressing to do, leisurely observing the world outside. +
-  * The two characters combine literally to mean "empty idleness" or "empty leisure," which perfectly captures the modern meaning of an unoccupied, available slot of time. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, particularly in the context of modern urban life, time is a precious commodity. The pace of life (`生活节奏 - shēnghuó jiézòu`) is often incredibly fast, and being `忙 (máng - busy)` is a common state of being. Therefore, `空闲 (kòngxián)` time is highly valued. +
-Unlike the Western concept of "leisure," which can carry philosophical connotations of relaxation and self-fulfillment, `空闲` is more practical and functional. It's a "slot in the calendar." Asking someone, "**你空闲吗？ (Nǐ kòngxián ma?)**" is a direct, polite, and very common way to check their availability before making a request or an invitation. It's often perceived as less imposing than the English, "Are you busy?" which can sometimes make the recipient feel pressured to say yes. +
-Furthermore, there can be a cultural expectation to use `空闲` time productively—for studying, pursuing a side business, or personal development—rather than purely for rest. It's a resource to be managed, not just enjoyed. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-`空闲` is a flexible word used in various everyday situations. +
-=== Describing People's Schedules === +
-This is its most common use. You use it to ask about someone's availability or to state your own. It's a neutral term suitable for both casual and slightly formal contexts. +
-=== Describing Unused Resources === +
-A crucial, non-obvious meaning for learners is its use for inanimate objects or spaces. It means "unoccupied," "vacant," or "idle." +
-=== As a Noun for "Free Time" === +
-It can function as a noun, often in the combination `空闲时间 (kòngxián shíjiān)`, which literally means "free time." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 你明天下午**空闲**吗？我们去看电影吧。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ míngtiān xiàwǔ **kòngxián** ma? Wǒmen qù kàn diànyǐng ba. +
-    * English: Are you free tomorrow afternoon? Let's go watch a movie. +
-    * Analysis: A classic, everyday example of using `空闲` as an adjective to ask about someone's availability to make plans. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这间会议室现在是**空闲**的，你们可以用。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiān huìyìshì xiànzài shì **kòngxián** de, nǐmen kěyǐ yòng. +
-    * English: This conference room is unoccupied right now, you all can use it. +
-    * Analysis: This shows `空闲` used to describe an inanimate resource (a room) as being available or vacant. The `的 (de)` at the end helps solidify its adjectival function here. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 我喜欢在**空闲**的时候听音乐、看看书。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ xǐhuān zài **kòngxián** de shíhòu tīng yīnyuè, kànkan shū. +
-    * English: I like to listen to music and read a bit in my free time. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `空闲` is used as a noun phrase (`空闲的时候` - during free time) to talk about hobbies. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 退休以后，王老师终于有了很多**空闲**时间。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tuìxiū yǐhòu, Wáng lǎoshī zhōngyú yǒule hěnduō **kòngxián** shíjiān. +
-    * English: After retiring, Teacher Wang finally has a lot of free time. +
-    * Analysis: Using the common noun phrase `空闲时间 (kòngxián shíjiān)` to talk about a period of life with more leisure. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * A: 你怎么看起来这么累？ B: 我最近一点儿也不**空闲**，天天都要加班。 +
-    * Pinyin: A: Nǐ zěnme kànqǐlái zhème lèi? B: Wǒ zuìjìn yīdiǎnr yě bù **kòngxián**, tiāntiān dōu yào jiābān. +
-    * English: A: Why do you look so tired? B: I haven't been free at all recently, I have to work overtime every day. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates the negative form, `不空闲 (bù kòngxián)`, to mean "not free" or "busy." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 司机先生，请问后面有**空闲**的座位吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Sījī xiānshēng, qǐngwèn hòumiàn yǒu **kòngxián** de zuòwèi ma? +
-    * English: Excuse me, driver, are there any available seats in the back? +
-    * Analysis: Another example of describing a resource. `空闲的座位 (kòngxián de zuòwèi)` means "available/empty seats." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 他把所有**空闲**都用来陪伴家人了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bǎ suǒyǒu **kòngxián** dōu yònglái péibàn jiārén le. +
-    * English: He used all of his free time to accompany his family. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `空闲` functions directly as a noun ("free time") without `时间 (shíjiān)`. This is common and sounds natural. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这台服务器正处于**空闲**状态，可以进行维护。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè tái fúwùqì zhèng chǔyú **kòngxián** zhuàngtài, kěyǐ jìnxíng wéihù. +
-    * English: This server is currently in an idle state and can undergo maintenance. +
-    * Analysis: A more technical or formal usage, showing `空闲` describing the "idle" state of a machine. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 如果您**空闲**，我想和您讨论一下那个项目。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nín **kòngxián**, wǒ xiǎng hé nín tǎolùn yīxià nàge xiàngmù. +
-    * English: If you are free, I would like to discuss that project with you for a moment. +
-    * Analysis: A polite and slightly formal way to make a request in a professional setting. Using `您 (nín)` for "you" enhances the formality. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 不要让你的大脑**空闲**太久，多学习，多思考。 +
-    * Pinyin: Búyào ràng nǐ de dànǎo **kòngxián** tài jiǔ, duō xuéxí, duō sīkǎo. +
-    * English: Don't let your brain stay idle for too long; study more, think more. +
-    * Analysis: A more abstract or metaphorical use, where `空闲` means "idle" or "inactive." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`空闲 (kòngxián)` vs. `有空 (yǒu kòng)`** +
-    * This is a key distinction. `有空 (yǒu kòng)` literally means "to have free time" and is **much more common in spoken, colloquial Chinese** when asking about availability. +
-    * **`有空`** is a verb phrase: "Do you have free time?" -> `你明天有空吗？(Nǐ míngtiān yǒu kòng ma?)` - //Very common.// +
-    * **`空闲`** is an adjective: "Are you free?" -> `你明天空闲吗？ (Nǐ míngtiān kòngxián ma?)` - //Also correct, but slightly more formal/written.// +
-    * **Rule of Thumb:** When speaking casually, use `有空`. `空闲` is perfect for describing things ("an idle computer") where `有空` would not work. +
-  * **`空闲 (kòngxián)` vs. `免费 (miǎnfèi)` - The "Free" Trap** +
-    * This is a classic "false friend" for beginners. The English word "free" has two main meanings, but Chinese uses two completely different words. +
-    * **`空闲 (kòngxián)`**: Free as in available time, unoccupied. +
-    * **`免费 (miǎnfèi)`**: Free as in no cost, free of charge. +
-    * **INCORRECT:** `我想喝一杯免费咖啡，但是我现在不免费。` (This sentence is grammatically nonsensical). +
-    * **CORRECT:** `我想喝一杯免费(miǎnfèi)的咖啡，但是我现在不空闲(bù kòngxián)。` (I want to drink a free-of-charge coffee, but I am not free/available right now.) +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * `[[有空]] (yǒu kòng)` - The most common colloquial synonym, a verb phrase meaning "to have free time." Often interchangeable with `空闲` in conversation but less versatile. +
-  * `[[忙]] (máng)` - The direct antonym, meaning "busy." +
-  * `[[悠闲]] (yōuxián)` - Describes the *feeling* of being leisurely and relaxed. While you need `空闲` time to feel `悠闲`, they are not the same. `空闲` is about the schedule; `悠闲` is about the mood. +
-  * `[[闲]] (xián)` - The character for "idle" used alone. Can be found in words like `闲聊 (xiánliáo)` - to chat idly, or `闲人 (xiánrén)` - an idle person. +
-  * `[[业余]] (yèyú)` - Means "spare-time" or "amateur." The phrase `业余时间 (yèyú shíjiān)` is a close synonym for `空闲时间`, often used when discussing hobbies (e.g., my spare-time interest is...). +
-  * `[[空]] (kōng)` - The character for "empty." Used for physical emptiness, as in `空房间 (kōng fángjiān)` - an empty room, or `天空 (tiānkōng)` - the sky. +
-  * `[[免费]] (miǎnfèi)` - A crucial distinction. Means "free of charge," and has absolutely no connection to time or availability.+