章程

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章程 [2025/08/10 04:49] – created xiaoer章程 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== zhāngchéng: 章程 - Rules, Regulations, Bylaws ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 章程, zhāngchéng, Chinese bylaws, articles of association China, company constitution, rules and regulations in Chinese, 章程 meaning, what is zhangcheng, company rules, organizational charter, HSK 6. +
-  * **Summary:** 章程 (zhāngchéng) is a formal Chinese noun referring to the foundational rules and regulations governing an organization, equivalent to a company's "articles of association," a club's "bylaws," or an association's "charter." Understanding 章程 is crucial for anyone involved in Chinese business, law, or formal organizations, as this document establishes the entity's legal structure, purpose, and operational procedures. It is the official "rulebook" that ensures everything is done by the book. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** zhāngchéng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A formal, written set of rules, regulations, or articles that define and govern an organization. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of 章程 as the "constitution" for any formal group. Before a company can legally exist or a serious club can operate in China, it needs a 章程. This document is not just a list of suggestions; it's the legally binding blueprint that outlines the organization's name, purpose, structure, and the rights and responsibilities of its members. It's a serious, official term for the highest level of rules. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **章 (zhāng):** This character can mean a "chapter," "section," "article," or a "seal/stamp." In this context, it refers to a written article or a distinct section of a formal document. +
-  * **程 (chéng):** This character often means "procedure," "process," or "rules of order." It implies a defined sequence and a set of established guidelines. +
-  * **Combined Meaning:** The combination is quite literal: "written articles" (章) that outline "procedures and rules" (程). Together, they form the concept of a complete, foundational rulebook for an organization. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, particularly in business and official matters, there is a strong emphasis on structure, order, and clear guidelines. The 章程 is the embodiment of this value. It's the primary document that provides legitimacy and a framework for an organization's existence. It ensures that operations are predictable and that there is a formal process for decision-making and resolving disputes. +
-  * **Comparison to Western Concepts:** In the West, we have "Articles of Incorporation" and "Bylaws." While functionally similar, the emphasis can differ. A Western startup might view its bylaws as a legal formality to be filed and forgotten. In China, the 章程 is often treated with more gravity as the company's fundamental "law." It's frequently referenced in internal governance and seen as the definitive source of authority. Adhering to it demonstrates procedural justice and organizational discipline, concepts highly valued in Chinese management. The idiom **按章办事 (àn zhāng bàn shì)**—"to handle matters according to the regulations"—is a common expression that highlights the importance of following the established 章程. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * 章程 is an exclusively formal term. You will almost never hear it in casual conversation unless someone is joking about running their family like a corporation. +
-  * **Business and Legal Context:** This is the most common use. Every company registered in China is legally required to have a 章程 submitted to the government. It dictates things like: +
-    *   The company's official name and address. +
-    *   Its business scope (what it's legally allowed to do). +
-    *   The amount of registered capital. +
-    *   The structure of the board of directors and shareholder rights. +
-    *   Procedures for appointing and removing executives. +
-  * **Other Organizations:** Non-profits, professional associations, academic societies, and even large student clubs will draft a 章程 to formalize their operations, membership criteria, and objectives. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我们需要根据公司**章程**来做出决定。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xūyào gēnjù gōngsī **zhāngchéng** lái zuò chū juédìng. +
-    * English: We need to make the decision in accordance with the company's articles of association. +
-    * Analysis: This is a classic example of its use in a business meeting. The 章程 is cited as the source of authority. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 成立一家新公司前，你必须先起草一份**章程**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Chénglì yī jiā xīn gōngsī qián, nǐ bìxū xiān qǐcǎo yī fèn **zhāngchéng**. +
-    * English: Before establishing a new company, you must first draft its articles of association. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights that the 章程 is a foundational, prerequisite document for legal incorporation. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 任何对**章程**的修改都必须经过股东大会的批准。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rènhé duì **zhāngchéng** de xiūgǎi dōu bìxū jīngguò gǔdōng dàhuì de pīzhǔn. +
-    * English: Any amendment to the bylaws must be approved by the shareholders' meeting. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the formal process required to change a 章程, emphasizing its stability and importance. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 我们学生会的新**章程**下周开始生效。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xuéshēnghuì de xīn **zhāngchéng** xià zhōu kāishǐ shēngxiào. +
-    * English: Our student union's new constitution will take effect next week. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the term's use for non-corporate entities like a student government. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他的行为严重违反了协会**章程**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de xíngwéi yánzhòng wéifǎn le xiéhuì **zhāngchéng**. +
-    * English: His actions seriously violated the association's charter. +
-    * Analysis: Here, 章程 is used as the standard against which members' behavior is judged. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 律师正在审查我们公司的**章程**，确保它符合最新的法律。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǜshī zhèngzài shěnchá wǒmen gōngsī de **zhāngchéng**, quèbǎo tā fúhé zuìxīn de fǎlǜ. +
-    * English: The lawyer is reviewing our company's articles of association to ensure it complies with the latest laws. +
-    * Analysis: Shows the legal weight and necessity of keeping the 章程 current and compliant. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * **章程**规定，董事长由董事会选举产生。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Zhāngchéng** guīdìng, dǒngshìzhǎng yóu dǒngshìhuì xuǎnjǔ chǎnshēng. +
-    * English: The bylaws stipulate that the Chairman is elected by the Board of Directors. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates how a specific rule (规定) is contained within the larger 章程. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 每个成员都应该熟悉我们俱乐部的**章程**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měi ge chéngyuán dōu yīnggāi shúxī wǒmen jùlèbù de **zhāngchéng**. +
-    * English: Every member should be familiar with our club's bylaws. +
-    * Analysis: Used in the context of a club, but still implies a formal set of rules for all members. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 这份**章程**草案需要进一步讨论。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè fèn **zhāngchéng** cǎo'àn xūyào jìnyībù tǎolùn. +
-    * English: This draft of the charter needs further discussion. +
-    * Analysis: The term 草案 (cǎo'àn), meaning "draft," is often paired with 章程 during its creation phase. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 我们必须按**章程**办事，不能凭个人感觉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū àn **zhāngchéng** bànshì, bù néng píng gèrén gǎnjué. +
-    * English: We must act according to the regulations, not based on personal feelings. +
-    * Analysis: A more direct way of saying the idiom 按章办事 (àn zhāng bàn shì), emphasizing objectivity and adherence to protocol. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **章程 (zhāngchéng) vs. 规定 (guīdìng) vs. 规则 (guīzé):** This is the most common point of confusion for learners. +
-    *   **章程 (zhāngchéng):** The entire, high-level constitutional document. There is usually only **one** 章程 for an organization. (e.g., The Company's Articles of Association). +
-    *   **规定 (guīdìng):** A specific regulation, rule, or stipulation. It's more formal than 规则. A 章程 is made up of many 规定. You can also have separate 规定, like "safety regulations" (安全规定). +
-    *   **规则 (guīzé):** The most general word for "rule." It can be formal or informal. Game rules (游戏规则), traffic rules (交通规则), and classroom rules (课堂规则) all use 规则. +
-  * **Common Mistake:** Using 章程 for informal situations. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** 我家的**章程**是吃完饭要洗碗。(Wǒ jiā de **zhāngchéng** shì chī wán fàn yào xǐwǎn.) +
-    *   **Why it's wrong:** This is far too formal and sounds comical. A family has house rules, not a corporate charter. +
-    *   **Correct:** 我家的**规矩**是吃完饭要洗碗。(Wǒ jiā de **guījǔ** shì chī wán fàn yào xǐwǎn.) or 我家的**规定**是... (Wǒ jiā de **guīdìng** shì...). 规矩 (guījǔ) is an excellent word for informal, customary rules. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * **[[规定]] (guīdìng):** A specific rule or regulation. The individual laws that make up the constitution (章程). +
-  * **[[规则]] (guīzé):** A general term for "rule," often less formal than 规定 and much less formal than 章程. +
-  * **[[制度]] (zhìdù):** A system, like a political system (政治制度) or management system (管理制度). It's a broader concept of an established structure, whereas 章程 is the specific document for one entity. +
-  * **[[宪法]] (xiànfǎ):** The Constitution of a country. This is the ultimate 章程 for a nation. +
-  * **[[条款]] (tiáokuǎn):** A specific clause, article, or provision within a contract or legal document. A 章程 is composed of many 条款. +
-  * **[[按章办事]] (àn zhāng bàn shì):** A very common idiom meaning "to act according to the rules/regulations," showing the cultural importance of the 章程. +
-  * **[[董事会]] (dǒngshìhuì):** The Board of Directors. The board's power, composition, and duties are all defined in the company's 章程. +
-  * **[[法人]] (fǎrén):** "Legal person"; an entity (like a company) that has legal rights and responsibilities. A 法人 is established and governed by its 章程.+