精神

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精神 [2025/08/05 19:45] – created xiaoer精神 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jīngshén: 精神 - Spirit, Mind, Vigor, Mental ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jingshen, 精神, Chinese spirit, Chinese mind, mental energy in Chinese, jingshen meaning, team spirit in Chinese, mental health in Chinese, Chinese vitality +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the deep meaning of **精神 (jīngshén)**, a fundamental Chinese word for spirit, mind, and vigor. This page explores how **jīngshén** describes everything from your daily mental energy and psychological well-being to the abstract 'team spirit' in a company. Understand its cultural roots and how to use it correctly to talk about mental health, concentration, and vitality in modern Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jīngshén +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Spirit, mind, consciousness; vigor, vitality; mental, psychological. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **精神 (jīngshén)** is a core concept that describes a person's inner state of being—their alertness, energy, and psychological health. It's not a religious "soul," but rather the practical, observable vitality that powers your mind and body. If you've had a good night's sleep and feel sharp and focused, you have good **精神**. If you're tired, listless, and can't concentrate, you have bad **精神**. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **精 (jīng):** This character originally depicted "refined" or "polished" rice (米). It has come to mean **essence, extract, or the finest part** of something. Think of it as the refined, core energy. +
-  * **神 (shén):** This character combines the "altar" radical (示) with a phonetic component (申) that once depicted lightning. It relates to the **divine, gods, or the spirit**. It represents the ethereal, conscious part of a being. +
-  * Together, **精神 (jīngshén)** literally means "essence-spirit." It's the fusion of your core vitality (精) and your consciousness (神), creating the overall state of your mental and physical energy. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-**精神 (jīngshén)** is deeply rooted in Chinese culture, particularly in concepts of health and well-being. It's one of the "Three Treasures" (三宝, sānbǎo) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), along with **精 (jīng - essence)** and **气 (qì - vital energy)**. A healthy person is one where these three elements are abundant and in harmony. +
-A key difference for Western learners is that **精神** is almost always secular. While the English word "spirit" can refer to a religious soul, **精神** refers to your **psyche, consciousness, and vigor** in this life. You use it to talk about mental health (精神健康, jīngshén jiànkāng) or mental stress (精神压力, jīngshén yālì) in a way that feels very modern and psychological. +
-Think of it like this: the American concept of "mindset" or "being in the zone" touches upon one aspect of **精神**. When a team has great "morale" or "team spirit," that's another aspect. When you feel energetic and "full of life," that's yet another. **精神** is the umbrella term that powerfully combines all these ideas of mental energy, psychological state, and abstract ethos. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**精神** is an extremely common and versatile word used in many contexts. +
-==== As a Person's State (Vitality) ==== +
-This is the most frequent use. It describes how energetic, alert, and focused someone appears. It's often modified by "good" (好), "bad" (不好), or "lacking" (没). +
-  * **Connotation:** Neutral description of one's state. +
-  * **Formality:** Used in all settings, from casual conversation to doctor's appointments. +
-==== As an Adjective (Mental/Psychological) ==== +
-Here, it modifies other nouns to mean "mental" or "psychological." This usage is common in discussions about health, law, and society. +
-  * **Connotation:** Neutral, often technical or formal. +
-  * **Formality:** Ranges from everyday conversation (mental stress) to formal terminology (mental illness). +
-==== As an Abstract Concept (Ethos/Essence) ==== +
-This usage describes the "spirit" of a group, an idea, or an era. It's similar to the English "team spirit" or "the spirit of the law." +
-  * **Connotation:** Positive, often inspirational. +
-  * **Formality:** Often used in formal speeches, company slogans, and written articles. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他今天**精神**很好，看起来很有活力。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā jīntiān **jīngshén** hěn hǎo, kànqǐlái hěn yǒu huólì. +
-    * English: He's in great spirits today; he looks very energetic. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most common usage, describing a person's observable state of energy and alertness. **精神很好 (jīngshén hěn hǎo)** is a standard compliment. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我昨晚没睡好，今天上班一点儿**精神**都没有。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zuówǎn méi shuì hǎo, jīntiān shàngbān yīdiǎnr **jīngshén** dōu méiyǒu. +
-    * English: I didn't sleep well last night, so I have absolutely no energy at work today. +
-    * Analysis: The phrase **没精神 (méi jīngshén)** is the direct opposite of the first example. It means "to be listless, lethargic, or lacking energy." +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 上课的时候，你必须集中**精神**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shàngkè de shíhou, nǐ bìxū jízhōng **jīngshén**. +
-    * English: You must concentrate (literally: "focus your spirit/mind") during class. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **精神** refers to one's focus or mental faculties. **集中精神 (jízhōng jīngshén)** is a set phrase for "to concentrate." +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 现代人的**精神**压力越来越大。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xiàndài rén de **jīngshén** yālì yuèláiyuè dà. +
-    * English: Modern people's mental stress is getting bigger and bigger. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **精神** used as a "mental" or "psychological" adjective. It's directly modifying **压力 (yālì - pressure/stress)**. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我们的团队需要有合作**精神**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen de tuánduì xūyào yǒu hézuò **jīngshén**. +
-    * English: Our team needs to have a spirit of cooperation. +
-    * Analysis: This is the abstract "ethos" usage. It describes the core value or principle of a group. Other examples include 团队精神 (tuánduì jīngshén - team spirit). +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 医生说他的病主要是**精神**层面的问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng shuō tā de bìng zhǔyào shì **jīngshén** céngmiàn de wèntí. +
-    * English: The doctor said his illness is mainly a psychological (lit: "mental level") issue. +
-    * Analysis: This is a formal, medical usage. **精神层面 (jīngshén céngmiàn)** means "on a psychological/mental level." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 打起**精神**来！我们快要成功了！ +
-    * Pinyin: Dǎqǐ **jīngshén** lái! Wǒmen kuàiyào chénggōng le! +
-    * English: Cheer up! / Pull yourself together! We're about to succeed! +
-    * Analysis: **打起精神 (dǎqǐ jīngshén)** is a very common idiom used for encouragement, telling someone to muster their energy and focus. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这部电影体现了永不放弃的**精神**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè bù diànyǐng tǐxiàn le yǒng bù fàngqì de **jīngshén**. +
-    * English: This movie embodies the spirit of never giving up. +
-    * Analysis: Another example of the abstract "ethos" meaning, applied to a principle or idea. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 这次事故给他造成了严重的**精神**创伤。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì shìgù gěi tā zàochéng le yánzhòng de **jīngshén** chuāngshāng. +
-    * English: The accident caused him severe psychological trauma. +
-    * Analysis: A formal and serious usage. **精神创伤 (jīngshén chuāngshāng)** is the specific term for "psychological trauma." +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 睡了一觉后，我感觉**精神**多了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shuìle yī jiào hòu, wǒ gǎnjué **jīngshén** duō le. +
-    * English: After getting some sleep, I feel much more refreshed/energetic. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights the connection between rest and **精神**. **精神多了 (jīngshén duō le)** means one's vitality has been replenished. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **"Spirit" vs. 精神 (jīngshén):** This is the biggest pitfall. Do not use **精神** to talk about religious beliefs, ghosts, or the soul. It's secular. For a religious "spirit" or "soul," the word [[灵魂]] (línghún) is more appropriate. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我的精神相信上帝。 (Wǒ de jīngshén xiāngxìn Shàngdì.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我相信上帝。 (Wǒ xiāngxìn Shàngdì.) OR 我的灵魂属于上帝。(Wǒ de línghún shǔyú Shàngdì.) - (This second one is very literary/poetic). +
-  * **精神 (jīngshén) vs. 心情 (xīnqíng - mood):** This is a crucial distinction. **精神** is your energy level and alertness. **心情** is your emotional state (happy, sad, angry). They are independent. +
-    * **You can have good 精神 but bad 心情:** +
-      * "我睡得很好，所以**精神**不错，但是我考试考砸了，所以**心情**很差。" +
-      * (Wǒ shuì de hěn hǎo, suǒyǐ **jīngshén** bùcuò, dànshì wǒ kǎoshì kǎo zá le, suǒyǐ **xīnqíng** hěn chà.) +
-      * "I slept well, so my energy (**jīngshén**) is good, but I failed my exam, so my mood (**xīnqíng**) is terrible." +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[心情]] (xīnqíng) - Mood; your emotional feeling at a particular moment (happy, sad, etc.). +
-  * [[精力]] (jīnglì) - Energy/stamina; the physical and mental power you have to perform tasks. More about endurance than alertness. +
-  * [[心理]] (xīnlǐ) - Psychology/mental; the scientific or academic term for the mind. +
-  * [[灵魂]] (línghún) - Soul/spirit; the metaphysical or religious concept of a person's eternal essence. +
-  * [[气色]] (qìsè) - Complexion/glow; the healthy look on someone's face, seen as a physical reflection of their inner **精神** and health. +
-  * [[元气]] (yuánqì) - Vital energy/life force; a concept from TCM, often used when talking about recovering one's core energy after being sick or exhausted. +
-  * [[心态]] (xīntài) - Mentality/mindset; a person's general attitude or way of thinking about things. +
-  * [[意识]] (yìshí) - Consciousness/awareness; the state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings.+