紧张

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紧张 [2025/08/04 01:46] – created xiaoer紧张 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jǐnzhāng: 紧张 - Nervous, Tense, Tight ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jinzhang, jǐnzhāng, 紧张, nervous in Chinese, tense in Chinese, Chinese word for stress, tight schedule in Chinese, anxious Chinese, jinzhang vs danxin, Chinese HSK 3 word +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese word **紧张 (jǐnzhāng)** is a versatile term for beginners to learn, primarily meaning nervous, tense, or tight. It perfectly describes the emotional feeling of being nervous before a test, the social tension in a difficult conversation, or the practical pressure of a tight schedule or budget. Understanding **紧张** is key to expressing common feelings of stress and pressure in everyday Mandarin Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jǐnzhāng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To be nervous or anxious; to be in a state of tension or scarcity. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **紧张 (jǐnzhāng)** as the feeling or state of being "stretched taut." This can be your emotions before a speech (nervous), the atmosphere in a silent, angry room (tense), your schedule before a deadline (tight), or even the supply of goods during a crisis (strained, scarce). It's the go-to word for describing the physical and emotional response to pressure. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **紧 (jǐn):** This character means "tight," "taut," or "close." The radical 糸 (sī) means "silk thread," evoking the image of a thread being pulled tight. +
-  * **张 (zhāng):** This character means "to stretch open," "to expand," or "to draw a bow." The radical is 弓 (gōng), which is a bow (as in a bow and arrow). +
-  * The combination of "tight" (紧) and "to stretch" (张) creates a vivid picture of being pulled in opposite directions or stretched to a limit, like a fully drawn bowstring. This powerful imagery perfectly encapsulates the feeling of tension, nervousness, and strain. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, which often places a high value on performance, academic success, and social harmony, situations causing a **紧张** feeling are very common. The immense pressure of the *高考 (gāokǎo)*, the national college entrance exam, is a classic example of a situation that is universally described as **紧张**. +
-  * **Comparison to "Anxiety":** While **紧张 (jǐnzhāng)** can be translated as "anxious," it differs from the Western clinical concept of "anxiety." **紧张** is almost always situational and temporary. You feel **紧张** because of a specific, external event (an exam, an interview, a conflict). It's seen as a normal reaction. The English word "anxiety" can imply a more persistent, internal, and potentially pathological state. The Chinese word for that chronic condition is closer to `焦虑 (jiāolǜ)`. Therefore, saying "我很紧张 (Wǒ hěn jǐnzhāng)" is a very common and normal statement, whereas "I am very anxious" can carry a heavier weight in English. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Emotional State (Nervous/Anxious):** This is the most common usage. It's used for feelings before any performance-based activity. +
-    * e.g., Before a job interview, a first date, giving a presentation, or taking an exam. +
-  * **Situational State (Tense/Strained):** It can describe the atmosphere or relationship between people or groups. +
-    * e.g., A tense meeting, a strained relationship (`关系很紧张`), or a tense international standoff. +
-  * **Resource State (Tight/Scarce):** This is a crucial non-emotional meaning that beginners must learn. It refers to a lack of time, money, or resources. +
-    * e.g., A tight schedule (`时间很紧张`), a tight budget (`预算很紧张`), or a strained supply of goods (`供应紧张`). +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 明天有考试，我现在非常**紧张**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Míngtiān yǒu kǎoshì, wǒ xiànzài fēicháng **jǐnzhāng**. +
-    * English: I have a test tomorrow, I'm very nervous right now. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most classic use of **紧张**, expressing the emotional state of nervousness due to an upcoming event. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 你别**紧张**，这只是一个简单的面试。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bié **jǐnzhāng**, zhè zhǐshì yí ge jiǎndān de miànshì. +
-    * English: Don't be nervous, this is just a simple interview. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `别 (bié)` is used to tell someone not to do something. `别紧张` is a very common phrase to comfort someone. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 会议室里的气氛有点**紧张**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Huìyìshì lǐ de qìfēn yǒudiǎn **jǐnzhāng**. +
-    * English: The atmosphere in the meeting room is a bit tense. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **紧张** used to describe a situation or atmosphere, not a person's direct feeling. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 最近工作太多，我的时间很**紧张**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuìjìn gōngzuò tài duō, wǒ de shíjiān hěn **jǐnzhāng**. +
-    * English: I have too much work recently, my schedule is very tight. +
-    * Analysis: A perfect example of the "resource scarcity" meaning. It doesn't mean the schedule "feels nervous," but that it is packed and there is no spare time. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 由于战争，两国的关系非常**紧张**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yóuyú zhànzhēng, liǎng guó de guānxì fēicháng **jǐnzhāng**. +
-    * English: Due to the war, the relationship between the two countries is very tense. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the use of **紧张** in a formal, geopolitical context to mean "strained" or "tense." +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 我们公司的预算很**紧张**，所以不能买新的电脑。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī de yùsuàn hěn **jǐnzhāng**, suǒyǐ bùnéng mǎi xīn de diànnǎo. +
-    * English: Our company's budget is very tight, so we can't buy new computers. +
-    * Analysis: Similar to the "tight schedule" example, this shows **紧张** being used for financial scarcity. +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 看到警察，他**紧张**得说不出话来。 +
-    * Pinyin: Kàndào jǐngchá, tā **jǐnzhāng** de shuō bu chū huà lái. +
-    * English: Seeing the police officer, he was so nervous he couldn't speak. +
-    * Analysis: The structure `[adjective] + 得 + [result]` shows the result of being nervous. This is a very useful grammar pattern. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 比赛的最后一分钟，所有观众都感到很**紧张**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bǐsài de zuìhòu yì fēnzhōng, suǒyǒu guānzhòng dōu gǎndào hěn **jǐnzhāng**. +
-    * English: In the final minute of the match, all the spectators felt very tense/excited. +
-    * Analysis: In a sports context, **紧张** can also carry a connotation of excitement or suspense, not just negative nervousness. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 他的肌肉很**紧张**，需要放松一下。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de jīròu hěn **jǐnzhāng**, xūyào fàngsōng yíxià. +
-    * English: His muscles are very tense, he needs to relax a bit. +
-    * Analysis: This is a literal, physical usage of the word, meaning "tight" or "stiff." Note the direct antonym, `放松 (fàngsōng)`, is used here. +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 在大城市，住房供应很**紧张**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài dà chéngshì, zhùfáng gōngyìng hěn **jǐnzhāng**. +
-    * English: In big cities, the housing supply is tight/strained. +
-    * Analysis: Another example of **紧张** describing resource scarcity on a large scale. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **紧张 (jǐnzhāng) vs. 担心 (dānxīn):** This is the most common point of confusion. +
-    * **紧张 (jǐnzhāng)** is the physical or emotional *feeling* of stress and tension. It's about your body's reaction. (e.g., sweating palms, fast heartbeat). +
-    * **担心 (dānxīn)** is the mental *act* of worrying about a potential negative outcome. It's about your thoughts. +
-    * **Correct:** 我很**紧张**，因为我**担心**会迟到。(Wǒ hěn jǐnzhāng, yīnwèi wǒ dānxīn huì chídào.) - "I am nervous because I am worried I will be late." You feel the tension (**紧张**) because of the thought/worry (**担心**). +
-  * **False Friend: "Tight" Clothing:** You cannot use **紧张** to describe clothes that are too small. For that, you use its root character, **紧 (jǐn)**. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 这条裤子很紧张。(Zhè tiáo kùzi hěn jǐnzhāng.) +
-    * **Correct:** 这条裤子太**紧**了。(Zhè tiáo kùzi tài jǐn le.) - "These pants are too tight." +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[担心]] (dānxīn) - To worry. The mental act that often causes the feeling of **紧张**. +
-  * [[害怕]] (hàipà) - To be scared/afraid. Stronger than **紧张** and usually linked to a specific fear (e.g., afraid of spiders, afraid of the dark). +
-  * [[压力]] (yālì) - Pressure, stress. Often the external cause of the internal feeling of **紧张**. +
-  * [[放松]] (fàngsōng) - To relax. The direct antonym of **紧张**, both for emotions and for physical muscles. +
-  * [[焦虑]] (jiāolǜ) - Anxiety. A more formal, clinical, or chronic state of anxiety, as opposed to the situational feeling of **紧张**. +
-  * [[气氛]] (qìfēn) - Atmosphere. An atmosphere can be described as **紧张**. +
-  * [[激烈]] (jīliè) - Intense, fierce. Describes a competition or argument that would make participants feel **紧张**. +
-  * [[急]] (jí) - Hurried, anxious, impatient. Describes a feeling of needing to do something quickly, a sense of urgency.+