落榜

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落榜 [2025/08/12 10:06] – created xiaoer落榜 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== luòbǎng: 落榜 - To fail an important exam, To be unsuccessful in an application ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 落榜, luobang, fail an exam in Chinese, gaokao, fail gaokao, Chinese college entrance exam, fail imperial exam, unsuccessful application, what does luobang mean, Chinese culture education, 名落孙山, jinbang timing, pass or fail Chinese exam +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning of **落榜 (luòbǎng)**, a powerful Chinese verb that means to fail a major, life-altering exam like the **gaokao** (高考), China's national college entrance exam. This term goes beyond a simple bad grade; it signifies not making the cut for a prestigious school or job, and is deeply rooted in the historical pressure of the imperial examinations. This page breaks down its cultural significance, modern usage, and provides practical examples for learners. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** luò bǎng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To fail to have one's name placed on the list of successful candidates for an exam, school admission, or job application. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **落榜 (luòbǎng)** isn't just about "failing a test." It specifically refers to the moment of truth in a highly competitive selection process. Imagine a long list of names of those who succeeded posted on a wall or website for everyone to see. **落榜** is the feeling of looking for your name and realizing it isn't there. It carries a heavy weight of disappointment because it applies to high-stakes events that can define a person's future, like getting into college or landing a government job. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **落 (luò):** The core meaning is "to fall," "to drop," or "to go down." Picture a leaf falling from a tree or the sun setting. +
-  * **榜 (bǎng):** This character refers to a public notice or a list of names, especially a list of successful candidates (a roll of honor). Historically, this was a literal wooden board where results were posted. +
-  * The characters combine to create a vivid and literal image: "to fall off the list." This perfectly captures the meaning of being eliminated from a competitive selection process. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The term **落榜 (luòbǎng)** is inseparable from the concept of high-stakes testing in Chinese culture, a tradition stretching back over a thousand years. +
-Historically, the **Imperial Examinations (科举 - kējǔ)** were the primary path for commoners to achieve social mobility and become scholar-officials in the government. Success, known as **金榜题名 (jīn bǎng tí míng)**, brought immense honor to one's entire family and hometown. Conversely, to **落榜** was a devastating and public failure, often after years or even decades of dedicated study. +
-This historical weight is directly transferred to the modern era with the **National College Entrance Examination (高考 - gāokǎo)**. For millions of students, the gaokao is seen as a single event that determines their entire future. The pressure from family and society is immense. Therefore, to **落榜** in the context of the gaokao is not just a personal academic setback; it's often perceived as a major life failure that brings disappointment to one's parents and elders. +
-A Western comparison might be not getting into your first-choice university after taking the SATs. However, the comparison is weak. In the West, there are many pathways to success, retaking tests is common, and the results are a private matter. In China, while diversifying, the "one exam, one chance" mentality surrounding the gaokao makes **落榜** a far more final and culturally significant event, echoing the historical binary outcome of the ancient imperial system. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-While most strongly associated with the gaokao, **落榜** is used in any highly competitive, pass/fail selection process. +
-  *   **Academic Exams:** This is the primary context. It's used for the gaokao (高考), the postgraduate entrance exam (考研 - kǎoyán), and the civil service exam (公务员考试 - gōngwùyuán kǎoshì). +
-  *   **Job Applications:** It can be used metaphorically when one fails to get a job at a highly sought-after company after multiple rounds of interviews. You "fall off the list" of candidates. +
-  *   **Other Competitions:** It can apply to failing to be selected for an arts school, a sports team, or any other selective program. +
-The connotation is always negative and carries a sense of finality and disappointment. You would **never** use it for a simple quiz or a midterm exam in a single class. For that, you would use a simpler phrase like **没考好 (méi kǎo hǎo)** - "didn't do well on the test." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 他因为几分之差在高考中**落榜**了，全家人都很难过。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi jǐ fēn zhī chā zài gāokǎo zhōng **luòbǎng** le, quánjiā rén dōu hěn nánguò. +
-    * English: He failed the gaokao (college entrance exam) by just a few points, and his whole family is very sad. +
-    * Analysis: This is the most classic usage of the term, highlighting the high stakes and familial impact of the gaokao. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 你别太担心，就算这次**落榜**了，我们还可以复读一年再考。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ bié tài dānxīn, jiùsuàn zhè cì **luòbǎng** le, wǒmen hái kěyǐ fùdú yī nián zài kǎo. +
-    * English: Don't worry too much. Even if you don't make the list this time, we can still study for another year and retake the exam. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence shows a common way of comforting someone who has **落榜**. It introduces the related concept of **复读 (fùdú)**, repeating a year to try again. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 听说今年公务员考试的竞争特别激烈，很多人都**落榜**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tīngshuō jīnnián gōngwùyuán kǎoshì de jìngzhēng tèbié jīliè, hěn duō rén dōu **luòbǎng** le. +
-    * English: I heard the competition for this year's civil service exam was especially fierce; a lot of people were unsuccessful. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the term's use beyond the gaokao, applying it to another extremely competitive national exam. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 虽然他当年**落榜**了，但他后来经商，也取得了巨大的成功。 +
-    * Pinyin: Suīrán tā dāngnián **luòbǎng** le, dàn tā hòulái jīngshāng, yě qǔdéle jùdà de chénggōng. +
-    * English: Although he failed the entrance exam back then, he later went into business and also achieved great success. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence provides a counter-narrative, showing that **落榜** is not always the end of the road. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 这次面试我感觉不太好，估计要**落榜**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì miànshì wǒ gǎnjué bú tài hǎo, gūjì yào **luòbǎng** le. +
-    * English: I don't feel good about this interview; I estimate I'm going to be rejected (fall off the list). +
-    * Analysis: A great example of the term's metaphorical use for a competitive job application process. +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * **落榜**的滋味真不好受。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Luòbǎng** de zīwèi zhēn bù hǎoshòu. +
-    * English: The feeling of failing to get in is really awful. +
-    * Analysis: A simple, emotional sentence that directly expresses the pain associated with the word. **滋味 (zīwèi)** literally means "taste" but here means "feeling" or "experience." +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 许多历史上的大文豪，比如蒲松龄，也曾多次在科举考试中**落榜**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xǔduō lìshǐ shàng de dà wénháo, bǐrú Pú Sōnglíng, yě céng duōcì zài kējǔ kǎoshì zhōng **luòbǎng**. +
-    * English: Many great writers in history, like Pu Songling, also failed the imperial examinations multiple times. +
-    * Analysis: This connects the modern term to its historical roots in the **科举 (kējǔ)** system. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 她的父母给了她巨大的压力，告诉她绝对不能**落榜**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de fùmǔ gěile tā jùdà de yālì, gàosù tā juéduì bùnéng **luòbǎng**. +
-    * English: Her parents put immense pressure on her, telling her she absolutely could not fail to get in. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence clearly illustrates the social and family pressure associated with high-stakes exams. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 他是去年的**落榜**生，今年终于考上了理想的大学。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì qùnián de **luòbǎng** shēng, jīnnián zhōngyú kǎoshàng le lǐxiǎng de dàxué. +
-    * English: He was one of the students who failed last year, but this year he finally got into his dream university. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **落榜** is used to modify the noun **生 (shēng)**, creating the compound word **落榜生 (luòbǎngshēng)**, "a student who failed the entrance exam." +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 哥哥查完成绩后一句话也没说，我们都知道他**落榜**了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gēge chá wán chéngjì hòu yí jù huà yě méi shuō, wǒmen dōu zhīdào tā **luòbǎng** le. +
-    * English: After my older brother checked his results, he didn't say a word, so we all knew he hadn't made the cut. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence powerfully conveys the silent disappointment that often accompanies the news of **落榜**. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Mistake: Using for Minor Tests.** A common mistake for learners is to use **落榜** for any failed test. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我昨天的数学小测验**落榜**了。(Wǒ zuótiān de shùxué xiǎo cèyàn **luòbǎng** le.) +
-    * **Reason:** This is wrong because a "small quiz" (小测验) is not a selective, high-stakes event with a public list of successful candidates. +
-    * **Correct:** 我昨天的数学小测验**没考好**。(Wǒ zuótiān de shùxué xiǎo cèyàn **méi kǎo hǎo**.) or **没及格 (méi jígé)** - "didn't pass." +
-  * **"False Friend": Not the same as "to flunk out."** In English, "to flunk out" means to be expelled from a school due to poor academic performance over a semester or year. **落榜** is not about being kicked out; it's about failing to get **in** in the first place. It's a failure at the point of entry, not during the course of study. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[金榜题名]] (jīn bǎng tí míng) - The direct antonym; a celebratory idiom meaning "to have one's name on the golden list," i.e., to succeed in a major exam. +
-  * [[高考]] (gāokǎo) - The National College Entrance Exam, the most common modern context for **落榜**. +
-  * [[名落孙山]] (míng luò Sūn Shān) - A classical idiom (chengyu) synonymous with **落榜**. It means "one's name falls behind Sun Shan" (who was the last person on the successful candidates' list). +
-  * [[复读]] (fùdú) - To repeat a year of high school to retake the gaokao, a common choice for a **落榜生 (luòbǎngshēng)**. +
-  * [[录取]] (lùqǔ) - (Verb) To admit, to enroll. This is what a university does when a student does **not** 落榜. The noun is **录取通知书 (lùqǔ tōngzhīshū)** - an acceptance letter. +
-  * [[考上]] (kǎoshàng) - (Verb) To pass an entrance exam. It's the successful outcome. "我考上了北大 (Wǒ kǎoshàng le Běidà)" means "I passed the exam and got into Peking University." +
-  * [[状元]] (zhuàngyuán) - The title for the scholar who scored highest on the national level of the Imperial Examinations. The ultimate opposite of **落榜**. +
-  * [[科举]] (kējǔ) - The Imperial Examination system in dynastic China, the historical origin of the cultural weight behind **落榜**.+