补

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补 [2025/08/05 01:01] – created xiaoer补 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== bǔ: 补 - To Mend, To Supplement, To Nourish ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 补, bu, bu3, Chinese word for mend, supplement, nourish, repair, patch, make up for, 补课 (bǔkè), 补习 (bǔxí), 进补 (jìnbǔ), 补身体 (bǔ shēntǐ), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese tutoring, meaning of 补. +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese character 补 (bǔ) is a powerful and versatile verb that goes far beyond its basic meaning of "to mend" or "to repair." It embodies the crucial cultural concept of filling a deficiency to restore wholeness. Whether you're patching clothes, taking a make-up class (补课 bǔkè), or eating nourishing soups to restore your body's energy (进补 jìnbǔ), 补 signifies the act of making something complete, healthy, or correct. Understanding 补 is key to grasping core ideas in Chinese daily life, education, and traditional medicine. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** bǔ +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To mend, patch, repair; to supplement, make up for; to nourish. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Imagine something has a hole, a gap, or a weakness. 补 is the action of filling that specific hole to make it whole again. This can be a physical hole in your pants, a gap in your knowledge, a missed night of sleep, or a deficiency in your body's "qi" (energy). It's all about targeted restoration. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **补:** This character is a phono-semantic compound, meaning one part gives a clue to the meaning and the other to the sound. +
-    * **衤(yī):** This is the "clothing" radical. It points to the character's original and most literal meaning: mending or patching torn clothes. +
-    * **卜 (bǔ):** This component primarily provides the phonetic sound "bǔ". +
-  * Together, the character visually suggests patching up clothes (衤) and phonetically sounds like "bǔ," perfectly capturing its core idea of mending and repairing. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The concept of 补 is deeply woven into the fabric of Chinese culture, reflecting a worldview that prioritizes balance, wholeness, and diligence. +
-  * **Health and Nourishment (食补 shí bǔ):** In the West, we might "take vitamins" or "eat a balanced diet." The Chinese concept of **进补 (jìnbǔ)** is far more specific and holistic. Rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), it's the practice of eating specific foods or herbs at specific times (like winter) to counteract a perceived deficiency in the body (e.g., lack of 'qi', blood, or 'yang' energy). A mother might make a special chicken soup for a child who looks pale, not just for comfort, but to actively **补身体 (bǔ shēntǐ)**—to "supplement the body." This is a proactive and targeted approach to wellness, viewing food as medicine. +
-  * **Education and Diligence (补课 bǔkè):** The term **补课 (bǔkè)**, literally "to supplement a lesson," reveals the immense pressure and value placed on academic success. It refers to tutoring or cram school sessions designed to fill any gaps in a student's knowledge. While "tutoring" exists in the West, the scale and intensity of the 补课 culture in China are on another level. It's seen as an essential, almost non-negotiable, activity to ensure a student doesn't fall behind. This reflects a cultural belief that any weakness or gap must be diligently filled. +
-  * **Making Things Right:** Beyond the physical and academic, 补 is used for rectifying situations. **补偿 (bǔcháng)** means "to compensate," and **弥补 (míbǔ)** means "to make up for" a mistake or loss. This shows a societal value placed on restoring fairness and balance when something has gone wrong. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-补 is an everyday word used in a wide variety of contexts, from casual conversation to formal notices. +
-  * **Literal Repair:** You'll hear it used for simple, physical fixes. +
-    * **补衣服 (bǔ yīfu):** to mend clothes +
-    * **补胎 (bǔ tāi):** to patch a tire +
-    * **补牙 (bǔ yá):** to fill a tooth cavity +
-  * **Education:** This is an extremely common usage, especially among students and parents. +
-    * **补课 (bǔkè):** to attend a tutoring/cram school session +
-    * **补考 (bǔkǎo):** to take a make-up exam +
-  * **Health & Lifestyle:** This usage is central to daily wellness conversations. +
-    * **补觉 (bǔ jiào):** to catch up on sleep (lit. "supplement sleep") +
-    * **补水 (bǔ shuǐ):** to rehydrate (lit. "supplement water") +
-    * **补身体 (bǔ shēntǐ):** to nourish one's body with special foods +
-  * **Work & Administration:** +
-    * **补充 (bǔchōng):** to supplement or add (e.g., information, details) +
-    * **补办 (bǔbàn):** to re-apply for or replace a lost document (e.g., ID card, passport) +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我昨晚没睡好，中午得**补**个觉。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zuówǎn méi shuì hǎo, zhōngwǔ děi **bǔ** ge jiào. +
-    * English: I didn't sleep well last night, I need to catch up on sleep at noon. +
-    * Analysis: 补觉 (bǔjiào) is a set phrase. It shows 补 being used to "make up for" a lack of sleep. This is a very common, colloquial phrase. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这件衬衫破了个洞，你能帮我**补**一下吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiàn chènshān pò le ge dòng, nǐ néng bāng wǒ **bǔ** yíxià ma? +
-    * English: This shirt has a hole in it, can you help me mend it? +
-    * Analysis: This is the most literal use of 补, referring to physical repair. The "一下 (yíxià)" softens the request. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 为了通过考试，他每个周末都去**补**课。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wèile tōngguò kǎoshì, tā měi ge zhōumò dōu qù **bǔ**kè. +
-    * English: In order to pass the exam, he goes to tutoring sessions every weekend. +
-    * Analysis: Here, 补课 (bǔkè) functions as a single verb phrase, meaning "to attend cram school." It highlights the educational context. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 冬天喝点鸡汤可以**补**身体。 +
-    * Pinyin: Dōngtiān hē diǎn jītāng kěyǐ **bǔ** shēntǐ. +
-    * English: Drinking some chicken soup in the winter can nourish your body. +
-    * Analysis: A classic example of the health-related usage of 补. It's not just "eating soup," it's actively supplementing the body's energy. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 对不起，我迟到了。我怎么才能**补**偿你？ +
-    * Pinyin: Duìbuqǐ, wǒ chídào le. Wǒ zěnme cáinéng **bǔ**cháng nǐ? +
-    * English: Sorry, I'm late. How can I make it up to you? +
-    * Analysis: Here, 补 is part of the word 补偿 (bǔcháng), showing its use in a social context of rectifying a mistake or inconvenience. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他的数学不好，需要找个老师给他**补**一**补**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de shùxué bù hǎo, xūyào zhǎo ge lǎoshī gěi tā **bǔ** yi **bǔ**. +
-    * English: His math is not good, he needs to find a teacher to give him some tutoring. +
-    * Analysis: The verb reduplication "补一补 (bǔ yi bǔ)" makes the action sound more casual and suggests doing it "a little bit." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我的身份证丢了，明天要去**补**办。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ de shēnfènzhèng diū le, míngtiān yào qù **bǔ**bàn. +
-    * English: I lost my ID card, I have to go get it reissued tomorrow. +
-    * Analysis: 补办 (bǔbàn) is a common administrative term for replacing a lost official document, "making up for" its absence by getting a new one. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这份报告不完整，请你**补**充一些数据。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè fèn bàogào bù wánzhěng, qǐng nǐ **bǔ**chōng yìxiē shùjù. +
-    * English: This report is incomplete, please supplement it with some data. +
-    * Analysis: 补充 (bǔchōng) is a formal way to say "to add" or "to supplement," specifically to fill a gap in information. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 骑车的时候，我的轮胎被钉子扎了，得找个地方**补**胎。 +
-    * Pinyin: Qí chē de shíhou, wǒ de lúntāi bèi dīngzi zhā le, děi zhǎo ge dìfang **bǔ**tāi. +
-    * English: When I was riding my bike, my tire was punctured by a nail, I have to find a place to patch the tire. +
-    * Analysis: 补胎 (bǔtāi) is another set phrase for a common repair, similar to 补衣服 (bǔ yīfu). +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 医生说我有点贫血，需要多吃红枣来**补**血。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng shuō wǒ yǒudiǎn pínxuè, xūyào duō chī hóngzǎo lái **bǔ**xuè. +
-    * English: The doctor said I'm a bit anemic and need to eat more red dates to enrich my blood. +
-    * Analysis: 补血 (bǔxuè) is a specific TCM concept meaning to "nourish the blood." It perfectly illustrates how 补 is used to target a specific physiological deficiency. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **补 (bǔ) vs. 加 (jiā):** This is a critical distinction. +
-    * **加 (jiā)** simply means "to add." You add sugar (加糖) to coffee. It's neutral. +
-    * **补 (bǔ)** means "to supplement to fill a deficiency." You don't just "add" sleep; you "make up for" a lack of it (补觉). You don't "add" to your body; you "nourish" it to fix a weakness (补身体). Using 加 where 补 is needed sounds unnatural. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我要加觉。(Wǒ yào jiā jiào.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我要补觉。(Wǒ yào bǔ jiào.) +
-  * **Overlooking the "Deficiency" Context:** A common mistake is to think of 补 as just "to fix" or "to add." The key is that there must be something //missing// first. You patch a //hole//, you make up for a //missed// class, you replenish //low// energy. Always ask, "What is the gap or lack being filled?" +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[补充]] (bǔchōng) - To supplement or add to, usually for information or items. More formal than just 补. +
-  * [[补课]] (bǔkè) - A specific term for tutoring or make-up classes. +
-  * [[补偿]] (bǔcháng) - To compensate or make up for a loss, damage, or inconvenience. +
-  * [[弥补]] (míbǔ) - To make up for, remedy (often used for more abstract things like regrets, defects, or losses). +
-  * [[补救]] (bǔjiù) - To remedy a bad situation or a mistake; to salvage. +
-  * [[进补]] (jìnbǔ) - A cultural practice of eating nourishing foods or tonics, especially in winter, to strengthen the body. +
-  * [[修补]] (xiūbǔ) - To mend or repair. Often used interchangeably with 补 for physical objects. +
-  * [[补丁]] (bǔdīng) - A patch (for clothing or, metaphorically, a software patch). +
-  * [[候补]] (hòubǔ) - To be an alternate or a reserve candidate (e.g., for a job or a team). Lit. "waiting to supplement."+