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| 裁判 [2025/08/13 01:38] – created xiaoer | 裁判 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1 |
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| ====== cáipàn: 裁判 - Referee, Judge, Umpire ====== | |
| ===== Quick Summary ===== | |
| * **Keywords:** cai pan Chinese, cai pan meaning, Chinese word for referee, Chinese for judge, 裁判 meaning, how to use cai pan, what does 裁判 mean, HSK 5 cai pan, Chinese sports vocabulary, referee in Chinese | |
| * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese word **裁判 (cáipàn)**, which means "referee," "umpire," or "judge" in the context of a competition. This guide explores its meaning, cultural significance, and practical use in sports, contests, and even metaphorical situations. Understand the difference between a **裁判 (cáipàn)** and a court judge (法官 fǎguān), and master its usage with practical examples, making it a perfect resource for HSK 5 learners and anyone interested in Chinese sports culture. | |
| ===== Core Meaning ===== | |
| * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** cáipàn | |
| * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Verb | |
| * **HSK Level:** 5 | |
| * **Concise Definition:** A referee or judge in a competition; the act of judging or refereeing. | |
| * **In a Nutshell:** **裁判 (cáipàn)** is the go-to word for the person in charge of enforcing the rules in any kind of competition, from a soccer match to a singing contest. It carries a strong sense of authority and the responsibility to be fair and decisive. Think of the person with the whistle on the field or the panelist holding up a scorecard—that's a **裁判**. | |
| ===== Character Breakdown ===== | |
| * **裁 (cái):** This character's original meaning relates to cutting cloth (it contains the radical for clothing, 衣). From this, it evolved to mean "to cut down," "to reduce," and more abstractly, "to make a decision" or "to judge." It implies cutting through complexity to arrive at a clear choice. | |
| * **判 (pàn):** This character means "to judge," "to distinguish," or "to sentence." It is composed of 半 (bàn - half) and a knife radical 刂 (dāo). The image is of a knife splitting something in two, symbolizing the act of separating right from wrong or making a clear distinction between two sides. | |
| When combined, **裁判 (cáipàn)** literally means "to decide and to judge." This pairing powerfully conveys the role of an arbiter who must make definitive, impartial judgments to ensure a fair competition. | |
| ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | |
| In Chinese culture, as in many others, the role of a **裁判 (cáipàn)** is deeply tied to the concept of **公平 (gōngpíng) - fairness**. A referee or judge is expected to be an impartial authority figure whose decisions are final and respected. When a **裁判** is perceived as biased, it can provoke strong emotional reactions from both participants and spectators. | |
| A useful comparison is to the English words "referee" and "judge." While **裁判 (cáipàn)** directly translates to "referee" or "umpire" in sports, it's also used for judges in non-athletic competitions like talent shows or debates, a role English might simply call a "judge" or "panelist." However, it's crucial not to confuse **裁判 (cáipàn)** with **法官 (fǎguān)**, which specifically refers to a judge in a court of law. A **裁判** handles violations of game rules, while a **法官** handles violations of the law. | |
| The term can also be used metaphorically. If two friends are arguing, they might ask a third person to be the **裁判 (cáipàn)**, highlighting the cultural value placed on having a neutral third party resolve disputes to maintain social harmony. | |
| ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | |
| **裁判 (cáipàn)** is a common and practical word you'll encounter frequently. | |
| * **In Sports:** This is its most common usage. You will hear it constantly when discussing soccer (足球), basketball (篮球), tennis (网球), and any other organized sport. An unfair referee is often called a **黑哨 (hēishào)**, literally a "black whistle." | |
| * **In Competitions:** It's used for judges on TV shows like //The Voice of China// (中国好声音) or any contest where participants are scored and ranked. In this context, it is often used interchangeably with **评委 (píngwěi)**. | |
| * **As a Verb:** **裁判 (cáipàn)** can also be a verb meaning "to referee" or "to pass judgment on." For example, "Who will referee this match?" (这场比赛谁来裁判？). | |
| * **In Everyday Arguments (Metaphorical):** People might jokingly ask someone to **当裁判 (dāng cáipàn)**, or "act as the referee," to settle a minor disagreement. | |
| ===== Example Sentences ===== | |
| * **Example 1:** | |
| * 那个**裁判**的判罚很不公平。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Nàge **cáipàn** de pànfá hěn bù gōngpíng. | |
| * English: That referee's call was very unfair. | |
| * Analysis: A common complaint from a sports fan. **判罚 (pànfá)** means "ruling" or "penalty call." | |
| * **Example 2:** | |
| * 球员必须尊重**裁判**的决定。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Qiúyuán bìxū zūnzhòng **cáipàn** de juédìng. | |
| * English: The players must respect the referee's decision. | |
| * Analysis: This sentence highlights the authority of the **裁判**. **尊重 (zūnzhòng)** means "to respect." | |
| * **Example 3:** | |
| * 他吹响了终场哨，**裁判**宣布比赛结束。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Tā chuī xiǎng le zhōngchǎng shào, **cáipàn** xuānbù bǐsài jiéshù. | |
| * English: He blew the final whistle, and the referee announced the end of the match. | |
| * Analysis: Shows the **裁判** in a typical action. **宣布 (xuānbù)** means "to announce." | |
| * **Example 4:** | |
| * 你别跟我吵了，我们找个人来**裁判**一下。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Nǐ bié gēn wǒ chǎo le, wǒmen zhǎo ge rén lái **cáipàn** yīxià. | |
| * English: Stop arguing with me, let's find someone to judge for us. | |
| * Analysis: A perfect example of the metaphorical use of **裁判** as a verb, meaning "to arbitrate" a dispute. | |
| * **Example 5:** | |
| * 她梦想成为一名国际足球**裁判**。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Tā mèngxiǎng chéngwéi yī míng guójì zúqiú **cáipàn**. | |
| * English: She dreams of becoming an international soccer referee. | |
| * Analysis: Using **裁判** as a profession. **一名 (yī míng)** is a measure word for people, often used for professions. | |
| * **Example 6:** | |
| * 这场歌唱比赛有三位**裁判**。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Zhè chǎng gēchàng bǐsài yǒu sān wèi **cáipàn**. | |
| * English: This singing competition has three judges. | |
| * Analysis: Shows the use of **裁判** outside of sports. Here, it could also be replaced by **评委 (píngwěi)**. | |
| * **Example 7:** | |
| * **裁判**出示了红牌，那名球员被罚下场了。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: **Cáipàn** chūshì le hóng pái, nà míng qiúyuán bèi fá xiàchǎng le. | |
| * English: The referee showed a red card, and that player was sent off the field. | |
| * Analysis: A classic sports scenario. **出示 (chūshì)** means "to show" or "to produce," and **红牌 (hóng pái)** is a "red card." | |
| * **Example 8:** | |
| * 这场比赛由谁来**裁判**？ | |
| * Pīnyīn: Zhè chǎng bǐsài yóu shéi lái **cáipàn**? | |
| * English: Who is going to referee this match? | |
| * Analysis: This sentence uses **裁判** as a verb. The structure **由 (yóu) ... 来 (lái) ...** is common for assigning responsibility. | |
| * **Example 9:** | |
| * 因为**裁判**的一个错误，我们输掉了比赛。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Yīnwèi **cáipàn** de yī ge cuòwù, wǒmen shū diào le bǐsài. | |
| * English: We lost the game because of a mistake by the referee. | |
| * Analysis: A sentence for blaming the referee. **错误 (cuòwù)** means "mistake" or "error." | |
| * **Example 10:** | |
| * 作为**裁判**，你必须保持中立。 | |
| * Pīnyīn: Zuòwéi **cáipàn**, nǐ bìxū bǎochí zhōnglì. | |
| * English: As a referee, you must remain neutral. | |
| * Analysis: This sentence emphasizes the core value associated with a **裁判**. **保持中立 (bǎochí zhōnglì)** means "to remain neutral." | |
| ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | |
| * **裁判 (cáipàn) vs. 法官 (fǎguān):** This is the most critical distinction for learners. A **裁判** presides over games and competitions. A **法官 (fǎguān)** presides over a court of law. You would never call a judge in a criminal trial a **裁判**. | |
| * //Incorrect:// 杀人犯在等**裁判**的判决。(The murderer is waiting for the referee's verdict.) | |
| * //Correct:// 杀人犯在等**法官**的判决。(The murderer is waiting for the judge's verdict.) | |
| * **裁判 (cáipàn) vs. 评委 (píngwěi):** These can sometimes be interchangeable, but there's a nuance. **裁判** emphasizes rule enforcement and making decisive calls (like in sports). **评委 (píngwěi)**, which means "judging committee member," emphasizes evaluation and scoring, especially in arts, music, or academic contests. In a talent show, you can use either, but **评委** is often more precise. | |
| * **Noun vs. Verb:** Remember that **裁判** can be both the person (noun) and the act of judging (verb). English usually requires different words ("referee" vs. "to referee"). The context in Chinese makes the meaning clear. | |
| ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | |
| * [[法官]] (fǎguān) - Judge (in a court of law). The legal equivalent, not to be confused with **裁判**. | |
| * [[评委]] (píngwěi) - A judge or panelist on a committee, especially for artistic or academic competitions. | |
| * [[公平]] (gōngpíng) - Fair, impartial. A core value expected from a **裁判**. | |
| * [[公正]] (gōngzhèng) - Just, fair, impartial. Similar to 公平 but often used in more formal or legal contexts. | |
| * [[比赛]] (bǐsài) - Competition, match, game. The context where a **裁判** works. | |
| * [[犯规]] (fànguī) - To commit a foul. An action that a **裁判** must identify and penalize. | |
| * [[判决]] (pànjué) - A judgment or verdict. The official decision made by a **裁判** or **法官**. | |
| * [[黑哨]] (hēishào) - Literally "black whistle." A slang term for a corrupt referee who is biased or has taken bribes. | |