计划

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计划 [2025/08/05 19:06] – created xiaoer计划 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== jìhuà: 计划 - Plan, Project, Program ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jihua, 计划, Chinese word for plan, how to say plan in Chinese, making a plan in Chinese, project in Chinese, program in Chinese, 打算 vs 计划, Chinese planning, HSK 3 +
-  * **Summary:** Learn how to use "计划 (jìhuà)" to talk about plans in Chinese. This guide covers its meaning, from formal government projects to personal study plans, and breaks down the difference between 计划 and other words like 打算 (dǎsuàn). With 10+ example sentences and cultural insights, you'll master how to express planning in Mandarin Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jìhuà +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Verb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A plan, project, or program; to plan. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** `计划` refers to a relatively formal, detailed, and structured plan. Think of a blueprint or a well-thought-out strategy rather than a casual idea. It implies deliberation and a concrete set of steps to achieve a goal. It can be a noun ("a plan") or a verb ("to plan"). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **计 (jì):** This character means "to calculate," "to count," or "to scheme." Think of a calculator (计算器, jìsuànqì) or design (设计, shèjì). It implies a mental process of figuring things out. +
-  * **划 (huà):** This character means "to draw a line," "to mark out," or "to delimit." Imagine drawing lines on a map or a blueprint to define areas and paths. +
-When combined, `计划 (jìhuà)` literally means "to calculate and draw out." This perfectly captures the essence of creating a structured, detailed plan by figuring out the components and marking out the course of action. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In China, the concept of `计划` carries significant weight, often associated with foresight, seriousness, and large-scale organization. This is heavily influenced by the government's famous "Five-Year Plans" (五年计划, Wǔnián Jìhuà), which are comprehensive national strategies for economic and social development. This top-down, long-term planning approach permeates many aspects of life. +
-For an English speaker, the word "plan" can be very casual ("What's the plan for tonight?"). In Chinese, using `计划` for such a spontaneous question would sound overly formal and a bit strange. A Chinese speaker would more likely use `打算 (dǎsuàn)` or `安排 (ānpái)`. +
-`计划` implies a level of commitment and seriousness. When a Chinese company presents its `工作计划 (gōngzuò jìhuà)` (work plan), it's not just a list of ideas; it's a documented, approved strategy. Similarly, a personal `学习计划 (xuéxí jìhuà)` (study plan) suggests a structured schedule with clear goals, not just a vague intention to study more. This reflects a cultural value placed on preparation, strategy, and seeing things through. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-`计划` is used in both formal and semi-formal contexts when referring to a thought-out plan. +
-  * **As a Noun:** This is its most common usage. It refers to a concrete plan, program, or project. +
-    *   `我的旅行计划` (wǒ de lǚxíng jìhuà) - My travel plan. +
-    *   `这是一个五年计划` (zhè shì yī gè wǔnián jìhuà) - This is a five-year plan. +
-    *   `公司的新项目计划` (gōngsī de xīn xiàngmù jìhuà) - The company's new project plan. +
-  * **As a Verb:** It means "to plan" in a deliberate way. +
-    *   `我们计划明年去中国` (wǒmen jìhuà míngnián qù Zhōngguó) - We plan to go to China next year. +
-    *   `他正在计划一次家庭聚会` (tā zhèngzài jìhuà yī cì jiātíng jùhuì) - He is planning a family gathering. +
-The connotation is generally neutral but implies competence and foresight. A person who is good at making `计划` is seen as organized and reliable. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 你周末有什么**计划**吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ zhōumò yǒu shénme **jìhuà** ma? +
-    * English: Do you have any plans for the weekend? +
-    * Analysis: This is a common, slightly formal way to ask about weekend plans. It implies something more structured than just "hanging out." Using `打算 (dǎsuàn)` here would be more casual. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我们的**计划**是先存钱，然后买房子。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen de **jìhuà** shì xiān cún qián, ránhòu mǎi fángzi. +
-    * English: Our plan is to first save money, and then buy a house. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `计划` is a noun referring to a major, long-term life plan. The structure "先...然后..." (first...then...) is very common for describing steps in a plan. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 这个项目**计划**书写得非常详细。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège xiàngmù **jìhuà** shū xiě de fēicháng xiángxì. +
-    * English: This project plan (proposal document) is written in great detail. +
-    * Analysis: `计划书 (jìhuàshū)` is a compound word for a "written plan" or "proposal." This highlights the formal, documented nature of a `计划`. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 公司**计划**在下个季度推出新产品。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī **jìhuà** zài xià ge jìdù tuīchū xīn chǎnpǐn. +
-    * English: The company plans to launch a new product next quarter. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `计划` is used as a verb in a business context, indicating a strategic decision made by the company. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 为了通过 HSK 5，我制定了一个详细的学习**计划**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wèile tōngguò HSK wǔ, wǒ zhìdìng le yī gè xiángxì de xuéxí **jìhuà**. +
-    * English: In order to pass HSK 5, I made a detailed study plan. +
-    * Analysis: `制定计划 (zhìdìng jìhuà)` is a common collocation meaning "to formulate/make a plan." It's more formal than just `做计划 (zuò jìhuà)`. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 不好意思，**计划**有变，我们得推迟会议。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bù hǎo yìsi, **jìhuà** yǒu biàn, wǒmen děi tuīchí huìyì. +
-    * English: Sorry, the plan has changed, we have to postpone the meeting. +
-    * Analysis: `计划有变 (jìhuà yǒu biàn)` is a set phrase meaning "the plan has changed." It's a useful and common expression in both work and social life. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 你**计划**在国外待多久？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ **jìhuà** zài guówài dāi duō jiǔ? +
-    * English: How long do you plan to stay abroad? +
-    * Analysis: Using `计划` as a verb to ask about someone's intentions, especially for significant events like living abroad. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 他们的救援**计划**成功了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tāmen de jiùyuán **jìhuà** chénggōng le. +
-    * English: Their rescue plan succeeded. +
-    * Analysis: Shows `计划` being used for a critical, strategic operation like a rescue mission. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * **计划**赶不上变化。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Jìhuà** gǎnbushàng biànhuà. +
-    * English: Plans can't keep up with changes. (A common proverb, similar to "Man proposes, God disposes.") +
-    * Analysis: This is a very famous and practical Chinese proverb. It acknowledges that even the best-laid plans can be disrupted by unforeseen circumstances. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 这个健身**计划**对我来说太难了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège jiànshēn **jìhuà** duì wǒ lái shuō tài nán le. +
-    * English: This fitness plan is too difficult for me. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates `计划` used for personal development, such as a structured workout or diet program. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common point of confusion for learners is the difference between `计划 (jìhuà)` and `打算 (dǎsuàn)`. +
-  * **`计划 (jìhuà)` - The Blueprint:** +
-    * **Formality:** More formal. +
-    * **Scope:** Often for bigger, more complex, or long-term things (projects, careers, travel itineraries). +
-    * **Nature:** Implies a concrete, detailed, often written set of steps. It's a product of careful thought. +
-    * **Example:** `这是我们的商业**计划**。(Zhè shì wǒmen de shāngyè jìhuà.)` - This is our business plan. (Correct, as a business plan is formal and detailed). +
-  * **`打算 (dǎsuàn)` - The Intention:** +
-    * **Formality:** More informal and colloquial. +
-    * **Scope:** Often for short-term, personal, or less certain things. +
-    * **Nature:** Closer to an "intention," "idea," or what you're "thinking of doing." It can be quite vague. +
-    * **Example:** `我**打算**一会儿去买杯咖啡。(Wǒ dǎsuàn yīhuìr qù mǎi bēi kāfēi.)` - I'm planning to go buy a coffee in a bit. (Correct, this is a casual, immediate intention). +
-**Common Mistake:** +
-  * **Incorrect:** `我**计划**吃晚饭。(Wǒ jìhuà chī wǎnfàn.)` +
-  * **Why it's wrong:** Eating dinner is a routine activity and doesn't require a formal, detailed plan. It sounds unnaturally serious. +
-  * **Correct:** `我**打算**吃晚饭。(Wǒ dǎsuàn chī wǎnfàn.)` or more naturally, just `我要吃晚饭了。(Wǒ yào chī wǎnfàn le.)` - I'm going to eat dinner. +
-Think of it this way: You have a `打算` to go on vacation, but the detailed itinerary with flights and hotel bookings is your `计划`. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[打算]] (dǎsuàn) - To plan, to intend. The informal, casual cousin of `计划`, focusing more on intention than on a detailed strategy. +
-  * [[安排]] (ānpái) - Arrangement; to arrange. Focuses on the logistics and scheduling of a plan. You `安排` a meeting time or `安排` who does what task. +
-  * [[规划]] (guīhuà) - To plan (long-term); a program. More formal and larger-scale than `计划`. Used for things like urban planning (城市规划) or career planning (职业规划). +
-  * [[方案]] (fāng'àn) - A scheme, a proposal. Refers to a specific, developed plan or a set of options presented for solving a problem. A `计划` might contain several `方案`. +
-  * [[目标]] (mùbiāo) - Goal, target, objective. The end-point that your `计划` is designed to achieve. +
-  * [[项目]] (xiàngmù) - Project, item. A `计划` is often broken down into several smaller `项目`. +
-  * [[预算]] (yùsuàn) - Budget. The financial part of a `计划`. +
-  * [[战略]] (zhànlüè) - Strategy. A high-level, guiding principle for action. A `计划` is the concrete implementation of a `战略`.+