评价

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评价 [2025/08/11 09:22] – created xiaoer评价 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== píngjià: 评价 - Evaluate, Assess, Appraisal ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 评价, pingjia, píngjià, evaluate in Chinese, assess in Chinese, Chinese word for appraisal, evaluation, review, feedback in Chinese, performance review Chinese, customer review, 评价 meaning. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese word **评价 (píngjià)**, which means to evaluate, assess, or appraise. This versatile term is used as both a verb (the act of evaluating) and a noun (the evaluation itself). From leaving a customer review online and discussing a movie's critical reception to conducting a formal work performance appraisal, understanding **评价** is key to navigating conversations about quality, value, and judgment in modern China. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** píngjià +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To evaluate or assess the value of something; an evaluation, assessment, or appraisal. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **评价 (píngjià)** is about making a considered judgment about something's worth or quality. It's more formal and deliberate than a simple opinion. Think of it as the official word for any kind of "review" or "evaluation"—whether you're a critic reviewing a film, a manager appraising an employee, or a customer rating a product on Taobao. It carries a sense of analysis and judgment. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **评 (píng):** This character means "to judge" or "to comment." It's composed of the speech radical **言 (yán)** and **平 (píng)**, which means "level" or "fair." So, you can think of it as making a "fair and level-headed comment or judgment." +
-  * **价 (jià):** This character means "price" or "value." It includes the person radical **人 (rén)**. It's directly tied to the concept of worth. +
-  * Together, **评价 (píngjià)** literally translates to "judging the value," which perfectly captures its meaning of evaluating, assessing, or appraising something's quality and worth. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, giving and receiving a **评价 (píngjià)** is often handled with more subtlety than in many Western cultures. Direct, blunt criticism, even if "constructive," can cause a person to "lose face" or **[[面子]] (miànzi)**, which can damage relationships and disrupt social harmony (**和谐, héxié**). +
-While a Western manager might give a direct critique in a one-on-one performance review, a Chinese manager might be more indirect. They may embed negative feedback within positive statements, speak in generalities, or use softer language to cushion the blow. For example, instead of saying "Your work is not good," they might say, "There is still room for improvement" (还有进步的空间, hái yǒu jìnbù de kōngjiān). +
-This doesn't mean evaluations don't happen; they are a crucial part of life. However, the *delivery* is paramount. Understanding this cultural nuance is vital for anyone working or living in China to avoid causing offense or misunderstanding the feedback they receive. The goal is often to provide a **评价** that improves the situation without damaging the underlying relationship. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**评价** is an extremely common word used in various modern contexts. +
-  * **E-commerce and Online Services:** This is perhaps the most frequent use a foreigner will encounter. Customer reviews are called **买家评价 (mǎijiā píngjià)**. +
-    *   A good review is a **好评 (hǎopíng)**. +
-    *   A bad review is a **差评 (chàpíng)**. +
-    *   A neutral review is a **中评 (zhōngpíng)**. +
-    *   The phrase **给个好评 (gěi ge hǎopíng)** means "give a good review." +
-  * **Workplace and Business:** Formal appraisals are a key use of the term. +
-    *   A performance review is a **业绩评价 (yèjì píngjià)** or **工作评价 (gōngzuò píngjià)**. +
-    *   A boss might say, "We need to evaluate this project's success" (我们要评价一下这个项目是否成功). +
-  * **Academia and Education:** Teachers evaluate students and their work. +
-    *   A teacher gives a **评价** on a student's essay or overall performance. +
-  * **Arts and Media:** When discussing films, books, music, or art, **评价** is used to mean "critical reception" or "review." +
-    *   "This movie received very high praise" (这部电影获得了很高的**评价**). +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** (As a verb) +
-    * 你怎么**评价**我们公司的新产品？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ zěnme **píngjià** wǒmen gōngsī de xīn chǎnpǐn? +
-    * English: How would you evaluate our company's new product? +
-    * Analysis: A common way to ask for a considered assessment, used in a business context. It's more formal than just asking "What do you think?" +
-  * **Example 2:** (As a noun) +
-    * 他对我的工作**评价**很高。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā duì wǒ de gōngzuò **píngjià** hěn gāo. +
-    * English: His evaluation of my work is very high. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **评价** is the noun "evaluation." The structure "对...的评价" (duì...de píngjià) is a very common pattern meaning "the evaluation of...". +
-  * **Example 3:** (Online shopping) +
-    * 如果您对服务满意，请给我们一个**好评**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nín duì fúwù mǎnyì, qǐng gěi wǒmen yí ge **hǎopíng**. +
-    * English: If you are satisfied with the service, please give us a good review. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence is ubiquitous in Chinese e-commerce. **好评 (hǎopíng)** is a compound word using a character from **评价**. +
-  * **Example 4:** (Discussing media) +
-    * 这部电影在国际上获得了非常正面的**评价**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè bù diànyǐng zài guójì shàng huòdéle fēicháng zhèngmiàn de **píngjià**. +
-    * English: This movie has received very positive reviews internationally. +
-    * Analysis: **正面评价 (zhèngmiàn píngjià)** means "positive evaluation/reviews." The opposite would be **负面评价 (fùmiàn píngjià)**. +
-  * **Example 5:** (Self-evaluation) +
-    * 在面试中，你可能需要对自己做一个客观的**评价**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài miànshì zhōng, nǐ kěnéng xūyào duì zìjǐ zuò yí ge kèguān de **píngjià**. +
-    * English: In a job interview, you might need to make an objective evaluation of yourself. +
-    * Analysis: **客观的评价 (kèguān de píngjià)** means an "objective evaluation," highlighting the analytical nature of the term. +
-  * **Example 6:** (As a verb, asking for an opinion on a person) +
-    * 你如何**评价**这位历史人物？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ rúhé **píngjià** zhè wèi lìshǐ rénwù? +
-    * English: How do you assess this historical figure? +
-    * Analysis: This asks for a thoughtful, historical assessment, not just a casual opinion. "如何 (rúhé)" is a more formal way of saying "怎么 (zěnme)". +
-  * **Example 7:** (As a noun, general judgment) +
-    * 社会对他的**评价**褒贬不一。 +
-    * Pinyin: Shèhuì duì tā de **píngjià** bāobiǎn bùyī. +
-    * English: Society's evaluation of him is mixed (praise and criticism are not uniform). +
-    * Analysis: The idiom **褒贬不一 (bāobiǎn bùyī)** means "mixed reviews" and is often used with **评价**. +
-  * **Example 8:** (Receiving negative feedback) +
-    * 虽然收到了负面**评价**，但我们把它看作是进步的机会。 +
-    * Pinyin: Suīrán shōudào le fùmiàn **píngjià**, dàn wǒmen bǎ tā kànzuò shì jìnbù de jīhuì. +
-    * English: Although we received a negative evaluation, we see it as an opportunity for improvement. +
-    * Analysis: Shows the use of **负面评价 (fùmiàn píngjià)** for "negative review/evaluation." +
-  * **Example 9:** (Simple action of evaluating) +
-    * 老师正在**评价**学生的作业。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǎoshī zhèngzài **píngjià** xuéshēng de zuòyè. +
-    * English: The teacher is currently evaluating the students' homework. +
-    * Analysis: A straightforward example of **评价** as a verb in an academic context. +
-  * **Example 10:** (Distinguishing from a simple opinion) +
-    * 这不只是我的个人看法，这是基于数据的专业**评价**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè bù zhǐshì wǒ de gèrén kànfǎ, zhè shì jīyú shùjù de zhuānyè **píngjià**. +
-    * English: This isn't just my personal opinion; this is a professional evaluation based on data. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence perfectly contrasts **看法 (kànfǎ - opinion)** with the more formal, data-driven **评价 (píngjià - evaluation)**. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`评价 (píngjià)` vs. `评论 (pínglùn)`:** This is the most common point of confusion. +
-    *   **评价 (píngjià)** focuses on **value and quality**. You evaluate a product's effectiveness, an employee's performance, or a film's artistic merit. It implies a judgment of worth. +
-    *   **评论 (pínglùn)** means "to comment" or "to remark." It's about expressing an opinion or observation, which may not involve a deep analysis of value. You **评论 (pínglùn)** on a friend's social media post or a news event. +
-    *   **Rule of Thumb:** If you're "rating" or "grading" something, use **评价**. If you're simply "commenting on" it, use **评论**. +
-  * **`评价 (píngjià)` vs. `看法 (kànfǎ)` / `意见 (yìjiàn)`:** +
-    *   **评价** is a formal, considered judgment. +
-    *   **看法 (kànfǎ)** is a general "point of view" or "way of seeing things." +
-    *   **意见 (yìjiàn)** is an "opinion" or "suggestion," often given as advice. +
-    *   **Incorrect:** ~~你对天气有什么评价？~~ (Nǐ duì tiānqì yǒu shénme píngjià?) +
-    *   **Why it's wrong:** You don't "evaluate the quality" of the weather. You just have an opinion on it. +
-    *   **Correct:** 你对天气有什么**看法**？ (Nǐ duì tiānqì yǒu shénme kànfǎ?) or 我**觉得**今天天气不错 (Wǒ juéde jīntiān tiānqì búcuò). +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[评论]] (pínglùn) - To comment on; a comment. Focuses on expressing an opinion rather than assessing value. +
-  * [[评估]] (pínggū) - To assess, to estimate. More formal and technical than **评价**. Often used for risk, assets, or financial value (e.g., "assess the damages"). +
-  * [[反馈]] (fǎnkuì) - Feedback. A modern term, often a direct loanword concept from English, used in business and technical settings. +
-  * [[看法]] (kànfǎ) - Point of view, opinion. A general and informal term for what someone thinks. +
-  * [[意见]] (yìjiàn) - Opinion, idea, suggestion. Often used when soliciting advice. +
-  * [[好评]] (hǎopíng) - Good review, positive evaluation. A direct result of a positive **评价**. +
-  * [[差评]] (chàpíng) - Bad review, negative evaluation. The opposite of **好评**. +
-  * [[鉴定]] (jiàndìng) - To appraise, to authenticate. Even more formal and expert-driven, used for things like antiques, gems, or legal evidence. +
-  * [[面子]] (miànzi) - "Face"; social standing. A core cultural concept that dictates how a **评价**, especially a negative one, should be delivered.+