评估

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

评估 [2025/08/12 00:34] – created xiaoer评估 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
-====== pínggū: 评估 - To Evaluate, Assess, Appraise ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** pingu, pinggu, pínggū, 评估, evaluate in Chinese, assess in Chinese, appraise in Chinese, Chinese word for evaluation, Chinese word for assessment, performance review in Chinese, risk assessment, 评估 meaning, HSK 5 +
-  * **Summary:** Learn how to use "评估" (pínggū), the essential Chinese word for "to evaluate," "assess," or "appraise." This comprehensive guide covers its meaning, character origins, and practical use in business, finance, and academics. Understand the critical difference between 评估 (pínggū) and 评价 (píngjià) to sound like a native speaker. This is a key HSK 5 vocabulary word for any serious learner wanting to discuss formal assessments and evaluations in Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** pínggū +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb, Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To conduct a formal and systematic evaluation, assessment, or appraisal of value or performance. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** 评估 (pínggū) isn't about giving a casual opinion. It’s a formal, often professional, process of judging something against a set of standards. Think of a performance review at work, a risk assessment for a project, or a bank appraising a house. It implies a structured, data-driven, and serious examination. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **评 (píng):** To judge, to comment. The radical 言 (yán) on the left means "speech" or "words." The component 平 (píng) means "level" or "fair." So, 评 is the act of using words to make a fair judgment. +
-  * **估 (gū):** To estimate, to appraise value. The radical 人 (rén) on the left means "person." The component 古 (gǔ) means "ancient." This character evokes the image of a person using established knowledge or experience to determine the value of something. +
-  * Together, **评估 (pínggū)** combines the act of "judging with words" (评) and "appraising value" (估) to create a comprehensive term for a formal evaluation or assessment. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In modern China, 评估 (pínggū) is a cornerstone of business, governance, and education. It reflects a societal emphasis on quantifiable achievement, standards, and data-driven decision-making. +
-While "evaluation" in the West can range from informal feedback to a formal review, **评估 (pínggū)** almost exclusively refers to the formal end of the spectrum. The result of an official 评估 can have significant, tangible consequences—determining an employee's bonus (绩效评估 - jīxiào pínggū), whether a major construction project proceeds (环境影响评估 - huánjìng yǐngxiǎng pínggū), or a company's stock value (资产评估 - zīchǎn pínggū). +
-This concept is distantly related to the high-stakes nature of examinations in Chinese culture, like the famous **高考 (gāokǎo)**, the national college entrance exam. The gāokǎo is, in essence, the ultimate 评估 of a student's entire high school career. This cultural backdrop gives any formal 评估 a sense of weight and seriousness that might be more pronounced than a typical "assessment" in a Western context. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-评估 (pínggū) is a formal term used in professional, academic, and official settings. You will rarely hear it in casual, everyday conversation among friends. +
-=== Business and Finance === +
-This is the most common context for 评估. +
-  * **绩效评估 (jīxiào pínggū):** Performance evaluation/review. This is a standard process in most Chinese companies. +
-  * **风险评估 (fēngxiǎn pínggū):** Risk assessment. Done before making investments or starting new projects. +
-  * **资产评估 (zīchǎn pínggū):** Asset appraisal. Used by banks and companies to determine the value of property, equipment, or the company itself. +
-=== Government and Policy === +
-  * **环境影响评估 (huánjìng yǐngxiǎng pínggū):** Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). A mandatory step for many new infrastructure or industrial projects. +
-  * **政策评估 (zhèngcè pínggū):** Policy evaluation. Used to determine the effectiveness of a government program. +
-=== Academics and Healthcare === +
-  * **课程评估 (kèchéng pínggū):** Course evaluation. Students formally assess a university course and its instructor. +
-  * **病情评估 (bìngqíng pínggū):** Medical assessment of a patient's condition. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我们需要对员工的年度工作表现进行**评估**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xūyào duì yuángōng de niándù gōngzuò biǎoxiàn jìnxíng **pínggū**. +
-    * English: We need to conduct an annual performance evaluation for our employees. +
-    * Analysis: A classic example from a business context. "进行评估" (jìnxíng pínggū) means "to carry out an evaluation." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 投资前，做一个全面的风险**评估**是非常重要的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tóuzī qián, zuò yí ge quánmiàn de fēngxiǎn **pínggū** shì fēicháng zhòngyào de. +
-    * English: Before investing, it's very important to do a comprehensive risk assessment. +
-    * Analysis: Here, 评估 is used as a noun, specifically a "risk assessment." +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 银行派人来**评估**我们房子的价值。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yínháng pài rén lái **pínggū** wǒmen fángzi de jiàzhí. +
-    * English: The bank sent someone to appraise the value of our house. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the "appraisal" meaning of the word, related to determining monetary value. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 这份**评估**报告指出了项目的几个主要问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè fèn **pínggū** bàogào zhǐchūle xiàngmù de jǐ ge zhǔyào wèntí. +
-    * English: This evaluation report pointed out several major problems with the project. +
-    * Analysis: 评估报告 (pínggū bàogào) is a very common collocation, meaning "evaluation report" or "assessment report." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 医生正在**评估**病人的最新情况。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng zhèngzài **pínggū** bìngrén de zuìxīn qíngkuàng. +
-    * English: The doctor is currently assessing the patient's latest condition. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates its use in a formal, medical context. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 我们应该如何客观地**评估**自己的能力？ +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yīnggāi rúhé kèguān de **pínggū** zìjǐ de nénglì? +
-    * English: How should we objectively evaluate our own abilities? +
-    * Analysis: Shows that 评估 can be used for self-assessment, but it implies a structured and honest look, not just a casual thought. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 新工厂的建设计划必须先通过环境影响**评估**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xīn gōngchǎng de jiànshè jìhuà bìxū xiān tōngguò huánjìng yǐngxiǎng **pínggū**. +
-    * English: The construction plan for the new factory must first pass an environmental impact assessment. +
-    * Analysis: A common and important phrase in government and industrial contexts. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 专家组将**评估**该计划的可行性。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhuānjiāzǔ jiāng **pínggū** gāi jìhuà de kěxíngxìng. +
-    * English: The expert panel will assess the feasibility of the plan. +
-    * Analysis: Here, 评估 is used to judge "feasibility" (可行性 - kěxíngxìng), a common abstract concept it's paired with. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 本次**评估**的结果将直接影响最终的决定。 +
-    * Pinyin: Běn cì **pínggū** de jiéguǒ jiāng zhíjiē yǐngxiǎng zuìzhōng de juédìng. +
-    * English: The results of this assessment will directly influence the final decision. +
-    * Analysis: Using 评估 as a noun again, highlighting the weight and consequences of its outcome. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 在学期末，学生需要填写课程**评估**表。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài xuéqīmò, xuéshēng xūyào tiánxiě kèchéng **pínggū** biǎo. +
-    * English: At the end of the semester, students need to fill out course evaluation forms. +
-    * Analysis: A common scenario in academic life. The form itself is a 评估表 (pínggū biǎo). +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common mistake for learners is confusing 评估 (pínggū) with similar-sounding words like 评价 (píngjià) and 估计 (gūjì). +
-  *   **评估 (pínggū) vs. 评价 (píngjià)** +
-    *   **评估 (pínggū):** Formal, systematic, often quantitative process. **Think: Assessment, Appraisal.** +
-    *   **评价 (píngjià):** Can be formal or informal; an opinion, judgment, or review. **Think: Comment, Review, Opinion.** +
-    *   **Incorrect Usage:** 你怎么**评估**这部电影？(Nǐ zěnme pínggū zhè bù diànyǐng?) +
-    *   **Reason:** Asking for an opinion on a movie is informal. You are asking for a personal review, not a formal, systematic analysis. +
-    *   **Correct Usage:** 你怎么**评价**这部电影？(Nǐ zěnme píngjià zhè bù diànyǐng?) - "How would you review this movie?" or "What did you think of this movie?" +
-  *   **评估 (pínggū) vs. 估计 (gūjì)** +
-    *   **评估 (pínggū):** A formal, careful process of evaluation. +
-    *   **估计 (gūjì):** A casual guess or estimate, often about numbers, time, or situations. **Think: To guess, to estimate.** +
-    *   **Incorrect Usage:** 我**评估**他今天会迟到。(Wǒ pínggū tā jīntiān huì chídào.) +
-    *   **Reason:** You are making a guess, not conducting a formal assessment of his likelihood of being late. +
-    *   **Correct Usage:** 我**估计**他今天会迟到。(Wǒ gūjì tā jīntiān huì chídào.) - "I reckon he'll be late today." +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[评价]] (píngjià) - To comment on, appraise (often qualitatively); a review or opinion. The most important term to distinguish from 评估. +
-  * [[估计]] (gūjì) - To estimate, to guess. Used for informal calculations and predictions. +
-  * [[考核]] (kǎohé) - To examine or assess, often through a test or probation period (e.g., for employees). Implies a more direct "test" than 评估. +
-  * [[评定]] (píngdìng) - To judge and decide; to rate or designate. More conclusive than 评估; it's the final verdict (e.g.,评定为不合格 - judged as unqualified). +
-  * [[鉴定]] (jiàndìng) - To appraise or authenticate. Used by experts to verify the authenticity of things like antiques, gems, or forensic evidence. +
-  * [[分析]] (fēnxī) - To analyze. Analysis is often a key step *within* the process of 评估, but it is not the evaluation itself. +
-  * [[审查]] (shěnchá) - To examine, investigate, or censor. Implies checking something against a set of rules, laws, or standards, often by an authority. +
-  * [[绩效]] (jīxiào) - Performance, achievement. A key concept often measured by a 绩效评估 (performance evaluation).+