诊断

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诊断 [2025/08/04 01:23] – xiaoer诊断 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== zhěnduàn: 诊断 - Diagnosis, To Diagnose ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** zhěnduàn, 诊断, diagnose Chinese, diagnosis in Chinese, medical diagnosis Chinese, how to say diagnose in Chinese, Chinese medical terms, troubleshoot Chinese, HSK 5 +
-  * **Summary:** "诊断 (zhěnduàn)" is the primary Chinese word for "diagnosis" or "to diagnose." While its core use is in a medical context, like a doctor identifying an illness, it's also widely used metaphorically to describe troubleshooting problems with technology, business, or systems. This versatile term implies a formal, analytical process of examination to determine a root cause, making it a key vocabulary word for professional and technical discussions in Mandarin. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** zhěn duàn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To identify the nature of an illness or problem by examination; a diagnosis. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** "诊断 (zhěnduàn)" is the word for the professional judgment made after a careful investigation. Think of a doctor looking at symptoms and test results to name an illness, or a mechanic listening to an engine to figure out what's wrong. It’s not a guess; it’s a conclusion based on evidence. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **诊 (zhěn):** This character is about investigation. The left part, 讠(yán), is the "speech" radical, representing asking questions. The right part, 彡 (shěn), can mean "to examine." Together, they create the image of a doctor diagnosing a patient by asking questions and performing an examination. +
-  * **断 (duàn):** This character means "to break," "to sever," or "to make a judgment." It's composed of 斤 (jīn), an "axe," cutting through 幺 (yāo), which represents silk threads. The meaning here extends from a physical "break" to a mental "decisive judgment." +
-By combining **诊 (to examine/inquire)** and **断 (to judge/decide)**, the word **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** perfectly captures the two-step process: gathering information through examination and then making a definitive conclusion. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The term **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** is deeply rooted in the modern, scientific approach to problem-solving, particularly in medicine. While it can be used as a general term, it is most closely associated with Western medicine (西医, xīyī). +
-This contrasts with the diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (中医, zhōngyī), which are famously summarized by the phrase **望闻问切 (wàng wén wèn qiè)**: +
-  * **望 (wàng):** Observation (e.g., of the tongue, complexion). +
-  * **闻 (wén):** Listening and smelling. +
-  * **问 (wèn):** Inquiring about symptoms and history. +
-  * **切 (qiè):** Pulse-taking. +
-While a TCM practitioner's conclusion is also a form of diagnosis, the term **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** carries the weight and methodology of modern clinical science. In China today, both systems coexist. You might go to a hospital for a **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** involving blood tests and X-rays, or visit a TCM clinic for a diagnosis based on your body's energy flow (气, qì). Understanding this distinction reveals the dual nature of healthcare in modern China. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**诊断 (zhěnduàn)** is a formal and professional term. +
-  * **In Medical Situations:** This is its most common and direct use. It's used by doctors, in medical reports, and by patients discussing their condition formally. +
-    * e.g., //"医生的诊断是什么？" (Yīshēng de zhěnduàn shì shénme?) - What is the doctor's diagnosis?// +
-  * **In Technical and Business Contexts:** The term is frequently used metaphorically for any kind of systematic troubleshooting. +
-    * **Technology:** An IT expert can **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** a network failure. +
-    * **Business:** A consultant can **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** a company's financial problems. +
-    * **Mechanics:** A mechanic can **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** a car's engine trouble. +
-In these cases, **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** implies a higher level of expertise and a more thorough process than simply "checking" or "looking at" a problem. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 医生给我的**诊断**是普通感冒。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng gěi wǒ de **zhěnduàn** shì pǔtōng gǎnmào. +
-    * English: The doctor's diagnosis for me was a common cold. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **诊断** is used as a noun. This is a very common structure for receiving a diagnosis. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 早期**诊断**和治疗对控制病情非常重要。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zǎoqī **zhěnduàn** hé zhìliáo duì kòngzhì bìngqíng fēicháng zhòngyào. +
-    * English: Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for controlling the illness. +
-    * Analysis: **诊断** is used as a noun in the phrase "早期诊断" (early diagnosis), highlighting its importance in a medical strategy. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 专家正在**诊断**这台计算机的故障原因。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhuānjiā zhèngzài **zhěnduàn** zhè tái jìsuànjī de gùzhàng yuányīn. +
-    * English: The expert is diagnosing the cause of this computer's malfunction. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the metaphorical use of **诊断** as a verb in a technical context. It implies a professional, systematic approach. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 经过一系列检查，医生终于**诊断**出他得了肺炎。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jīngguò yī xìliè jiǎnchá, yīshēng zhōngyú **zhěnduàn** chū tā dé le fèiyán. +
-    * English: After a series of examinations, the doctor finally diagnosed him with pneumonia. +
-    * Analysis: The structure **诊断出 (zhěnduàn chū)** means "to diagnose out," emphasizing that a result or conclusion has been reached. "-出" is a common resultative complement. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 这个病的**诊断**过程非常复杂。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège bìng de **zhěnduàn** guòchéng fēicháng fùzá. +
-    * English: The diagnostic process for this disease is very complex. +
-    * Analysis: **诊断** is used as a noun modifying "过程" (process) to mean "diagnostic process." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他的初步**诊断**结果出来了，但还需要进一步确认。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de chūbù **zhěnduàn** jiéguǒ chūlái le, dàn hái xūyào jìnyībù quèrèn. +
-    * English: His preliminary diagnosis results are out, but they still need further confirmation. +
-    * Analysis: **初步诊断 (chūbù zhěnduàn)** means "preliminary diagnosis," showing how adjectives can be added to specify the type of diagnosis. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 如果你不同意这个**诊断**，可以寻求第二医疗意见。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ bù tóngyì zhège **zhěnduàn**, kěyǐ xúnqiú dì-èr yīliáo yìjiàn. +
-    * English: If you don't agree with this diagnosis, you can seek a second medical opinion. +
-    * Analysis: **诊断** is used as a noun, the object of the verb "to agree with" (同意). +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 公司聘请了顾问来**诊断**其管理上的问题。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī pìnqǐng le gùwèn lái **zhěnduàn** qí guǎnlǐ shàng de wèntí. +
-    * English: The company hired a consultant to diagnose its management problems. +
-    * Analysis: A clear example of **诊断** as a verb in a business context. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 误诊比没有**诊断**更危险。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wùzhěn bǐ méiyǒu **zhěnduàn** gèng wēixiǎn. +
-    * English: A misdiagnosis is more dangerous than no diagnosis. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence contrasts "misdiagnosis" (误诊) with the absence of a "diagnosis" (没有诊断), showing how the core term fits into a larger conceptual family. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 医生是如何**诊断**这种罕见病的？ +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng shì rúhé **zhěnduàn** zhè zhǒng hǎnjiàn bìng de? +
-    * English: How do doctors diagnose this kind of rare disease? +
-    * Analysis: Using **诊断** as a verb in a question to inquire about the method or process. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-A very common mistake for learners is to confuse **诊断 (zhěnduàn)** with **看病 (kànbìng)**. +
-  * **看病 (kànbìng):** Literally "to see an illness." This is what the **patient** does. It means "to see a doctor" or "to get medical treatment." +
-    * Correct: 我明天要去看病。(Wǒ míngtiān yào qù kànbìng.) - I have to go see a doctor tomorrow. +
-    * Incorrect: 我明天要去诊断。(Wǒ míngtiān yào qù zhěnduàn.) - //This sounds like you, the patient, are going to perform a diagnosis.// +
-  * **诊断 (zhěnduàn):** This is what the **doctor** or expert does. It is the act of identifying the problem. +
-    * Correct: 医生给我做了诊断。(Yīshēng gěi wǒ zuò le zhěnduàn.) - The doctor gave me a diagnosis. +
-Think of it this way: You **去看病 (kànbìng)** so that the doctor can give you a **诊断 (zhěnduàn)**. +
-Another point is formality. While in English you might casually say "I need to diagnose why my Wi-Fi is so slow," using **诊断** in Chinese for such a minor issue can sound overly formal. A native speaker would more likely say "我得看看我的Wi-Fi为什么这么慢" (Wǒ děi kànkan wǒ de Wi-Fi wèishéme zhème màn - I need to check why my Wi-Fi is so slow). Reserve **诊断** for more serious, systematic troubleshooting. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[检查]] (jiǎnchá) - To check, examine. This is the //process// of gathering data (like a blood test or an X-ray) that leads to a **诊断**. +
-  * [[治疗]] (zhìliáo) - To treat, treatment. This is the action taken //after// a **诊断** has been made. +
-  * [[看病]] (kànbìng) - To see a doctor. The action of the patient seeking medical help. +
-  * [[确诊]] (quèzhěn) - To confirm a diagnosis. This is more definitive than a general **诊断**. The `确` (què) means "certain" or "confirmed." +
-  * [[误诊]] (wùzhěn) - Misdiagnosis. The `误` (wù) means "mistake" or "error." +
-  * [[症状]] (zhèngzhuàng) - Symptom(s). The evidence (like a fever or cough) used to make a **诊断**. +
-  * [[病历]] (bìnglì) - Medical record. The document where the **诊断** and treatment history are recorded. +
-  * [[医生]] (yīshēng) - Doctor. The professional who performs the **诊断**.+