诡计

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诡计 [2025/08/13 05:24] – created xiaoer诡计 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== guǐjì: 诡计 - Trick, Scheme, Stratagem ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 诡计, guiji, Chinese trick, Chinese scheme, cunning plan in Chinese, stratagem, deception, Chinese word for plot, guile, ruse, Sun Tzu, Thirty-Six Stratagems. +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **诡计 (guǐjì)**, a powerful Chinese word for a cunning trick, scheme, or stratagem. This comprehensive guide explores its use in everything from ancient military tactics described by Sun Tzu to modern business negotiations and personal relationships. Learn what separates a **诡计** from a simple lie, understand its deeply negative connotations, and see how this concept of clever deception is woven into Chinese culture. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** guǐjì +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A cunning plan or clever stratagem, almost always involving deception, used to gain an advantage. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **诡计** as a "sly plan." It's not just a lie; it's an entire, well-thought-out scheme designed to mislead or trap someone. The word carries a strong sense of intelligence and cleverness, but this intelligence is used for selfish, malicious, or unethical purposes. It’s the kind of master plan a movie villain, a corrupt official, or a desperate military general would devise. You would use it to describe a complex plot, never a simple prank. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **诡 (guǐ):** This character means "sly," "crafty," or "deceitful." It's composed of the radical **言 (yán)**, meaning "speech," on the left, and **危 (wēi)**, meaning "danger," on the right. This brilliantly combines the ideas of using //deceitful words// that lead to a //dangerous situation//. +
-  * **计 (jì):** This character means "plan," "strategy," or "to calculate." It also contains the "speech" radical **言 (yán)**, alongside **十 (shí)**, meaning "ten," which can imply completeness or many calculations. A plan often involves discussion and thorough calculation. +
-  * Together, **诡计 (guǐjì)** literally translates to a "sly plan" or "deceitful strategy." The combination emphasizes that the plan is not just clever but is fundamentally based on trickery and has a harmful or self-serving intent. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **诡计** is a concept deeply embedded in Chinese strategic thought, literature, and history. Its most famous cultural touchstone is **Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" (孙子兵法)**, which famously states, "All warfare is based on deception" (兵者，诡道也 - bīng zhě, guǐ dào yě). In this context, using **诡计** is not just a tactic but a core principle for winning when the stakes are high. +
-  * The term is also the essence of the **"Thirty-Six Stratagems" (三十六计 - sānshíliù jì)**, a classic collection of proverbs describing complex schemes used in politics, warfare, and civil interactions. Stratagems like "Deceive the heavens to cross the sea" (瞒天过海 - mán tiān guò hǎi) are perfect examples of sophisticated **诡计**. +
-  * **Comparison to Western Concepts:** In English, "strategy" is a neutral or positive word (e.g., a "business strategy"). **诡计 (guǐjì)** is almost never positive. It's much closer to "scheme," "ruse," or "machination." However, unlike a simple "trick," which can be harmless or even playful (a magic trick), a **诡计** is always serious, elaborate, and carries a negative moral judgment. It implies a level of intellectual effort that a simple lie lacks. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * In modern China, **诡计** is a formal and literary word with a strong negative connotation. You would almost never proudly announce your own **诡计**. It is almost always used to accuse, describe, or expose the manipulative plans of others. +
-  * **Business and Politics:** It's often used to describe a competitor's unethical tactics or a politician's plot. For example, "They used a scheme to steal our client list." (他们用诡计盗取了我们的客户名单。) +
-  * **Social and Personal Life:** It can be used to describe a manipulative person in a relationship or a complex scam. For example, "He fell for her elaborate scheme." (他中了她精心设计的诡计。) +
-  * **Media and Literature:** The word is extremely common in movies, TV shows, and novels to describe the villain's "evil plan." +
-  * **Formality:** In very casual conversation, a speaker might opt for a simpler term like **耍花招 (shuǎ huāzhāo)** - to play tricks, or just **骗人 (piàn rén)** - to lie/deceive someone. **诡计** implies a higher level of complexity and seriousness. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我们必须识破敌人的**诡计**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū shípò dírén de **guǐjì**. +
-    * English: We must see through the enemy's scheme. +
-    * Analysis: A classic usage in a conflict or competition context. **识破 (shípò)**, "to see through," is a very common verb used with **诡计**. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这不过是商家用来促销的**诡计**罢了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè búguò shì shāngjiā yònglái cùxiāo de **guǐjì** bàle. +
-    * English: This is just a trick used by the business to promote sales. +
-    * Analysis: Here, it's used to criticize a marketing tactic, implying it's deceptive or misleading. The tone is cynical. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 他这个人**诡计**多端，你最好小心一点。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā zhège rén **guǐjì** duōduān, nǐ zuìhǎo xiǎoxīn yìdiǎn. +
-    * English: This person is full of tricks and schemes; you had better be careful. +
-    * Analysis: **诡计多端 (guǐjì duōduān)** is a common four-character idiom (chengyu) used to describe someone who is very crafty and manipulative. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 侦探终于揭穿了凶手那复杂的**诡计**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhēntàn zhōngyú jiēchuānle xiōngshǒu nà fùzá de **guǐjì**. +
-    * English: The detective finally exposed the murderer's complex plot. +
-    * Analysis: Perfect example of its use in a crime or mystery context. **揭穿 (jiēchuān)**, "to expose," is another common verb paired with **诡计**. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我差点就中了他们的**诡计**，幸好朋友提醒了我。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ chàdiǎn jiù zhòngle tāmen de **guǐjì**, xìnghǎo péngyou tíxǐngle wǒ. +
-    * English: I almost fell for their trick, but thankfully my friend reminded me. +
-    * Analysis: The phrase **中(了)诡计 (zhòng(le) guǐjì)** literally means "to be hit by a scheme," and is the standard way to say "to fall for a trick." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 他利用一个巧妙的**诡计**赢得了那场比赛，很不光彩。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā lìyòng yí ge qiǎomiào de **guǐjì** yíngdéle nà chǎng bǐsài, hěn bù guāngcǎi. +
-    * English: He used a clever stratagem to win that game; it was very dishonorable. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the nuance. The scheme can be acknowledged as **巧妙 (qiǎomiào)**, or "clever," while still being condemned as unethical (**不光彩 - bù guāngcǎi**). +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 政客们互相指责对方在选举中使用了**诡计**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngkèmen hùxiāng zhǐzé duìfāng zài xuǎnjǔ zhōng shǐyòngle **guǐjì**. +
-    * English: The politicians accused each other of using dirty tricks in the election. +
-    * Analysis: Shows the term's use in a formal, political context. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 历史上的诸葛亮以其神机妙算和**诡计**而闻名。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lìshǐ shàng de Zhūgéliàng yǐ qí shénjīmiàosuàn hé **guǐjì** ér wénmíng. +
-    * English: The historical figure Zhuge Liang was famous for his divine strategies and cunning stratagems. +
-    * Analysis: This is a rare case where **诡计** can have a less negative, almost admiring tone. When discussing historical military genius, it's understood as a necessary tool for victory. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 小心那些声称能让你一夜暴富的**诡计**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xiǎoxīn nàxiē shēngchēng néng ràng nǐ yí yè bàofù de **guǐjì**. +
-    * English: Be wary of those schemes that claim they can make you rich overnight. +
-    * Analysis: This connects **诡计** to modern scams and get-rich-quick schemes (**一夜暴富 - yí yè bàofù**). +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 她用**诡计**让老板相信错误是同事犯的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā yòng **guǐjì** ràng lǎobǎn xiāngxìn cuòwù shì tóngshì fàn de. +
-    * English: She used a scheme to make the boss believe the mistake was made by a colleague. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates its use in an office politics or personal betrayal scenario. It's a clear act of manipulation. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **False Friend: "Trick" vs. 诡计** +
-    * A common mistake is to use **诡计** for any "trick." An English "trick" can be a playful prank or a magic trick. **诡计** is NEVER used for something fun or harmless. It's always serious and implies a complex, deceptive plan. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 魔术师表演了一个很棒的**诡计**。 (The magician performed a great trick.) +
-    * **Correct:** 魔术师表演了一个很棒的**戏法 (xìfǎ)**。 or **魔术 (móshù)**. +
-  * **False Friend: "Plan" vs. 诡计** +
-    * Do not use **诡计** for a normal, positive plan. It will make you sound like a villain. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我通过努力学习的**诡计**来通过考试。 (I will pass the test with my scheme of studying hard.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我有通过努力学习来通过考试的**计划 (jìhuà)**。 +
-  * **Nuance: 诡计 (guǐjì) vs. 计谋 (jìmóu)** +
-    * These two words are very close, but **计谋 (jìmóu)**, meaning "stratagem," is more neutral. It can be used to describe a clever plan in war or business without the strong negative judgment of **诡计**. The character **诡 (guǐ)** is what makes **诡计** explicitly about deceit. While a general using a **计谋** might be praised, a person using a **诡计** is almost always condemned. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[计谋]] (jìmóu) - A stratagem or scheme. More neutral than `诡计` and can be used to describe brilliant military or business plans without a negative moral judgment. +
-  * [[阴谋]] (yīnmóu) - A conspiracy, plot, or intrigue. Even more negative and serious than `诡计`, often implying a secret plot by a group to cause great harm. +
-  * [[策略]] (cèlüè) - Strategy. A formal and completely neutral-to-positive word used for business, game, or military strategy. This is the word you use for a legitimate plan. +
-  * [[骗局]] (piànjú) - A scam, swindle, or hoax. Focuses on the outcome of being deceived, usually for money or property. A `骗局` is a type of `诡计`. +
-  * [[花招]] (huāzhāo) - A gimmick, trick, or shenanigan. A much more colloquial and less serious word for a minor trick, often one that is flashy but lacks substance. +
-  * [[三十六计]] (sānshíliù jì) - The Thirty-Six Stratagems. A famous essay detailing a collection of `诡计` and `计谋` used to gain an advantage. +
-  * [[孙子兵法]] (Sūnzǐ bīngfǎ) - "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. The philosophical classic that establishes deception (`诡道`) as a cornerstone of strategy. +
-  * [[耍小聪明]] (shuǎ xiǎo cōngmíng) - "To play at being clever." A derogatory phrase for someone who uses petty tricks or schemes, thinking they are smart but are actually just being crafty in a small-minded way.+