赔偿

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赔偿 [2025/08/10 12:34] – created xiaoer赔偿 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== péicháng: 赔偿 - To Compensate, Pay for Damages, Reparations ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** peichang, péicháng, 赔偿, compensate in Chinese, pay for damages Chinese, reparations Chinese, indemnity in Chinese, Chinese law compensation, Chinese legal terms, HSK 5 vocabulary +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the Chinese word **赔偿 (péicháng)**, which means to compensate, pay for damages, or provide reparations. This page breaks down the characters 赔 and 偿, explores the cultural significance of taking responsibility in China, and provides dozens of practical examples. Understand the crucial difference between 赔偿 (for wrongful acts) and 补偿 (for making up a deficit), a common point of confusion for learners. This is an essential term for understanding legal, business, and serious social situations in China. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** péicháng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To compensate for a loss, injury, or damage caused by a wrongful act; or, the compensation/reparations itself. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **赔偿 (péicháng)** is a formal and serious term. It's not for trivial matters like spilling coffee on someone. Think of it as the official act of "making things right" when you are at fault. It carries a heavy weight of legal or moral obligation to restore what was lost, whether it's money, property, or even health. It's the language of insurance claims, legal settlements, and serious apologies backed by action. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **赔 (péi):** This character means "to compensate" or "to stand a loss." +
-    * The radical **贝 (bèi)** originally meant "cowrie shell" and is now the radical for money and valuables. +
-    * The right side **咅 (pǒu)** primarily provides the phonetic sound. +
-    * Together, it strongly implies compensating with money or things of value. +
-  * **偿 (cháng):** This character means "to repay," "to make good," or "to satisfy." +
-    * The radical **亻(rén)** means "person." +
-    * The right side **尝 (cháng)** provides the phonetic sound. +
-    * Together, it suggests a person fulfilling an obligation or repaying a debt. +
-When combined, **赔偿 (péicháng)** creates a powerful and formal concept: a person (偿) using money/valuables (赔) to repay a debt incurred from causing a loss. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Western cultures, particularly in the US, resolving damages often involves a highly structured process through insurance companies and courts, with a focus on legal liability. While China also has this formal system, **赔偿 (péicháng)** plays a unique role in social harmony. +
-The concept is deeply tied to **面子 (miànzi - "face")** and **责任 (zérèn - responsibility)**. When a dispute or accident happens, a direct, often privately negotiated, compensation can be the quickest way to restore harmony and allow both parties to save face. Admitting fault and offering **赔偿** is a powerful act of taking responsibility, which is highly valued. It's not just a financial transaction; it's a social ritual that mends a broken relationship or resolves a conflict. +
-For example, after a minor car accident, the parties might agree on a cash **赔偿** on the spot to avoid the bureaucracy of police reports and insurance claims. This is seen as a practical and efficient way to acknowledge fault, make the other person whole, and move on, thereby preserving social balance. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**赔偿 (péicháng)** is almost always used in serious or formal contexts. Using it for a minor issue would sound overly dramatic. +
-  * **Legal & Insurance:** This is its most common domain. Court-ordered payments, insurance payouts, and legal settlements all use **赔偿**. +
-    * //"The insurance company will compensate for your losses."// -> 保险公司会**赔偿**你的损失。 +
-  * **Business Disputes:** If a company violates a contract or delivers faulty goods, the other party will demand **赔偿**. +
-    * //"Due to the breach of contract, they must pay us compensation."// -> 因为违约，他们必须给我们**赔偿**。 +
-  * **Serious Accidents:** In situations like traffic accidents or medical malpractice, the party at fault is expected to **赔偿** the victim for medical bills, lost wages, and other damages. +
-  * **As a Noun:** It can also refer to the money or payment itself. +
-    * //"Have you received the compensation yet?"// -> 你收到**赔偿**金了吗？ (Here, 金 (jīn - gold/money) is often added to be more specific.) +
-The connotation is neutral to negative, as it always arises from a negative event (a loss, an injury, a mistake). +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** (Car Accident) +
-    * 肇事司机同意**赔偿**所有维修费用。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhàoshì sījī tóngyì **péicháng** suǒyǒu wéixiū fèiyòng. +
-    * English: The driver at fault agreed to compensate for all the repair costs. +
-    * Analysis: A very common and practical use of **赔偿**. It's the standard term for financial settlements after an accident. +
-  * **Example 2:** (Breach of Contract) +
-    * 如果你提前终止合同，你需要支付一笔**赔偿**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ tíqián zhōngzhǐ hétóng, nǐ xūyào zhīfù yī bǐ **péicháng**. +
-    * English: If you terminate the contract early, you need to pay a compensation fee. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **赔偿** is used as a noun, referring to the penalty payment for breaking an agreement. +
-  * **Example 3:** (Insurance Claim) +
-    * 保险公司正在处理我们的**赔偿**要求。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bǎoxiǎn gōngsī zhèngzài chǔlǐ wǒmen de **péicháng** yāoqiú. +
-    * English: The insurance company is processing our claim for compensation. +
-    * Analysis: **赔偿要求 (péicháng yāoqiú)** means "a demand/claim for compensation." This is standard insurance vocabulary. +
-  * **Example 4:** (Damaged Goods) +
-    * 航空公司弄丢了我的行李，他们必须**赔偿**我。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hángkōng gōngsī nòng diūle wǒ de xínglǐ, tāmen bìxū **péicháng** wǒ. +
-    * English: The airline lost my luggage; they must compensate me. +
-    * Analysis: This shows that **赔偿** applies to property loss due to a company's mistake. +
-  * **Example 5:** (As a Noun - The Amount) +
-    * 法院判给受害者十万元的**赔偿**金。 +
-    * Pinyin: Fǎyuàn pàn gěi shòuhàizhě shí wàn yuán de **péicháng**jīn. +
-    * English: The court awarded the victim 100,000 yuan in compensation. +
-    * Analysis: **赔偿金 (péichángjīn)** is a compound noun meaning "compensation money" or "indemnity." +
-  * **Example 6:** (Emotional Distress) +
-    * 除了医疗费，他还要求精神损失**赔偿**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Chúle yīliáo fèi, tā hái yāoqiú jīngshén sǔnshī **péicháng**. +
-    * English: Besides medical fees, he is also demanding compensation for emotional distress. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights a more abstract but legally recognized form of compensation: **精神损失赔偿 (jīngshén sǔnshī péicháng)**. +
-  * **Example 7:** (Public Apology & Compensation) +
-    * 这家工厂不仅要公开道歉，还要**赔偿**受污染影响的居民。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā gōngchǎng bùjǐn yào gōngkāi dàoqiàn, hái yào **péicháng** shòu wūrǎn yǐngxiǎng de jūmín. +
-    * English: This factory not only has to apologize publicly but also has to compensate the residents affected by the pollution. +
-    * Analysis: This links the act of compensation with the act of apologizing, showing it's about both financial and moral accountability. +
-  * **Example 8:** (Negotiating Compensation) +
-    * 我们来谈谈**赔偿**的具体数额吧。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen lái tántan **péicháng** de jùtǐ shù'é ba. +
-    * English: Let's talk about the specific amount of compensation. +
-    * Analysis: A common phrase used in negotiations after an incident has occurred. **数额 (shù'é)** means "amount." +
-  * **Example 9:** (Work-related Injury) +
-    * 公司需要依法**赔偿**员工的工伤损失。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī xūyào yīfǎ **péicháng** yuángōng de gōngshāng sǔnshī. +
-    * English: The company needs to compensate the employee's work-related injury losses in accordance with the law. +
-    * Analysis: **依法 (yīfǎ)** means "according to the law," emphasizing the legal obligation behind **赔偿**. +
-  * **Example 10:** (Historical Context) +
-    * 战败国被迫支付巨额的战争**赔偿**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhànbài guó bèi pò zhīfù jù'é de zhànzhēng **péicháng**. +
-    * English: The defeated nation was forced to pay enormous war reparations. +
-    * Analysis: Shows the use of **赔偿** on a massive, international scale. Here, it is translated as "reparations." +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common mistake for learners is confusing **赔偿 (péicháng)** with **补偿 (bǔcháng)**. +
-  * **赔偿 (péicháng):** Used when there is **fault, wrongdoing, or a violation**. It implies making amends for a mistake or harmful act. Think "reparations," "damages." +
-    * **Example:** A drunk driver must **赔偿** the victim. (There is clear fault). +
-  * **补偿 (bǔcháng):** Used to make up for a **deficit, lack, or loss, often without any implication of fault**. It's about filling a gap or making something complete. Think "subsidize," "make up for." +
-    * **Example:** The company will **补偿** you for your overtime work. (Working overtime isn't a "fault," but the company is making up for your lost time with extra pay). +
-    * **Example:** The government will **补偿** residents whose homes are demolished for a new subway line. (The government isn't "at fault," but they are compensating for the loss of property). +
-**Incorrect Usage:** +
-  * **Wrong:** 我把你的咖啡弄洒了，我**赔偿**你一杯。 (Wǒ bǎ nǐ de kāfēi nòng sǎle, wǒ péicháng nǐ yībēi.) +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** This sounds absurdly formal and legalistic, as if you've committed a crime. **赔偿** is too strong. +
-  * **Correct:** 我把你的咖啡弄洒了，我**再给你买一杯**吧。 (Wǒ bǎ nǐ de kāfēi nòng sǎle, wǒ zài gěi nǐ mǎi yībēi ba.) - "I spilled your coffee, let me buy you another one." This is natural and appropriate. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[补偿]] (bǔcháng) - To compensate or subsidize, typically when there is no fault involved. The most important distinction to learn. +
-  * [[索赔]] (suǒpéi) - To claim compensation. This is the action of formally asking for **赔偿**. +
-  * [[罚款]] (fákuǎn) - A fine or penalty. This is punitive and paid to an authority (like the police or government), not the victim. **赔偿** is restorative and paid to the victim. +
-  * [[损失]] (sǔnshī) - Loss, damage. This is the noun for the thing that necessitates **赔偿**. +
-  * [[责任]] (zérèn) - Responsibility, liability. The legal or moral basis for having to pay **赔偿**. +
-  * [[保险]] (bǎoxiǎn) - Insurance. The system or policy that often covers the costs of **赔偿**. +
-  * [[和解]] (héjiě) - To settle (a dispute); reconciliation. A settlement often includes a **赔偿** agreement. +
-  * [[违约金]] (wéiyuējīn) - A penalty for breach of contract. A specific type of payment that functions like **赔偿**.+