院长

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院长 [2025/08/13 12:02] – created xiaoer院长 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== yuànzhǎng: 院长 - Dean, President (of an academy), Director (of a hospital) ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 院长, yuanzhang, dean in Chinese, hospital director Chinese, president of academy, Chinese university titles, Chinese hospital titles, head of institute, academic titles in China, Chinese leadership terms +
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese term **院长 (yuànzhǎng)** is a formal title for the head of a major institution, such as a university college (Dean), a hospital (Director), or a research academy (President). Understanding this word is key to navigating formal academic and medical environments in China, as it signifies a position of high authority and respect. This page explains who a `院长` is, how to address them correctly, and how the term reflects cultural values of hierarchy and respect. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** yuànzhǎng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** The head of an institution such as a college, hospital, or academy. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **院长 (yuànzhǎng)** as the chief executive of a specific, large-scale organization that is a "院" (yuàn). These are typically places of learning, healing, or research. The term carries significant weight and is used as a formal title of respect. It's not a general manager, but a top-level leader with substantial responsibility and social standing. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **院 (yuàn):** This character originally referred to a courtyard or compound. Over time, it came to represent the large, important institutions often housed in such compounds. Today, it's a key component in words for specific institutions like **医**院 (yī**yuàn** - hospital), **学**院 (xué**yuàn** - college/academy), and **法**院 (fǎ**yuàn** - court of law). +
-  * **长 (zhǎng):** While this character can mean "long" (pronounced cháng), here it is pronounced **zhǎng** and means "chief," "head," "leader," or "to grow." It signifies being the eldest or most senior person in a group. +
-  * The two characters combine quite literally: **院 (institution) + 长 (head) = 院长 (head of the institution)**. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, titles are not just job descriptions; they are markers of social hierarchy, experience, and authority. The title **院长 (yuànzhǎng)** is a powerful example of this. It immediately places the individual at a high level in a formal structure, and they are expected to be addressed with the respect that befits the position. +
-  * **Comparison to Western Culture:** While a "Dean" of a college or a "Hospital Director" in the West holds a similar role, the cultural emphasis on using the title in direct address is much stronger in China. In the U.S., one might eventually call "Dean Smith" by his first name, "John," in a less formal setting. In China, you would almost always continue to address him as **王院长 (Wáng Yuànzhǎng)**, even after years of acquaintance. This practice reinforces the cultural values of respect for hierarchy and maintaining a degree of professional distance and deference. Dropping the title would be seen as a serious breach of etiquette. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * The use of **院长** is highly contextual and tied to the specific type of institution. +
-  * **In Academic Settings:** A `院长` is the head of a `学院 (xuéyuàn)`, which is a "college," "faculty," or "school" within a larger university. For example, a university will have one `校长 (xiàozhǎng) - President/Chancellor`, but many `院长` (e.g., Dean of the School of Engineering, Dean of the Business School). +
-  * **In Medical Settings:** A `院长` is the director or superintendent of an entire `医院 (yīyuàn) - hospital`. They are the top administrative and often clinical authority. +
-  * **In Research Settings:** A `院长` can be the president or director of a `研究院 (yánjiūyuàn) - research institute` or `科学院 (kēxuéyuàn) - academy of sciences`. +
-  * **Formality:** The term is exclusively formal. In conversation, it is almost always attached to a person's surname. +
-    * **Correct:** `李院长，您好！` (Lǐ Yuànzhǎng, nín hǎo! - Hello, Dean Li!) +
-    * **Incorrect:** `院长，你好！` (This sounds abrupt, like shouting "Hey, Dean!") +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 这是我们学院新来的**院长**，王教授。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè shì wǒmen xuéyuàn xīn lái de **yuànzhǎng**, Wáng jiàoshòu. +
-    * English: This is our college's new Dean, Professor Wang. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence shows how `院长` is used to introduce someone. Note that their academic title `教授 (jiàoshòu - professor)` might also be used. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我需要跟**院长**预约一个会议。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ xūyào gēn **yuànzhǎng** yùyuē yī ge huìyì. +
-    * English: I need to schedule a meeting with the Dean. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `院长` is used as a general role when the specific person is understood by the context. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 张**院长**是这家医院的创始人之一。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhāng **yuànzhǎng** shì zhè jiā yīyuàn de chuàngshǐrén zhīyī. +
-    * English: Director Zhang is one of the founders of this hospital. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the title being used with a surname, `张院长`, to refer to a hospital director. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 作为**院长**，他要对整个学院的发展负责。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuòwéi **yuànzhǎng**, tā yào duì zhěnggè xuéyuàn de fāzhǎn fùzé. +
-    * English: As the Dean, he is responsible for the development of the entire college. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence explains the scope of the `院长`'s responsibility. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 听说**院长**明天会来我们科室视察。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tīngshuō **yuànzhǎng** míngtiān huì lái wǒmen kēshì shìchá. +
-    * English: I heard the Hospital Director will come to our department for an inspection tomorrow. +
-    * Analysis: A common workplace scenario in a hospital setting. `科室 (kēshì)` means "department." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 每年开学，**院长**都会给新生致辞。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měi nián kāixué, **yuànzhǎng** dōu huì gěi xīnshēng zhìcí. +
-    * English: At the beginning of every school year, the Dean gives a speech to the new students. +
-    * Analysis: Shows a typical official duty of a Dean in an academic context. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 您是说李**院长**吗？他正在开会。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nín shì shuō Lǐ **yuànzhǎng** ma? Tā zhèngzài kāihuì. +
-    * English: Are you referring to Dean Li? He is in a meeting right now. +
-    * Analysis: A polite, formal response you might hear from a secretary or assistant. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 解决这个问题需要得到**院长**的批准。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jiějué zhège wèntí xūyào dédào **yuànzhǎng** de pīzhǔn. +
-    * English: Solving this problem requires the approval of the Director. +
-    * Analysis: Highlights the authority of the `院长` in decision-making. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 我们科学院的**院长**是一位诺贝尔奖得主。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen kēxuéyuàn de **yuànzhǎng** shì yī wèi Nuòbèi'ěr jiǎng dézhǔ. +
-    * English: The President of our Academy of Sciences is a Nobel Prize laureate. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates the usage of `院长` for a research academy, where the title translates better to "President." +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 他当了十年**院长**，上个月才退休。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā dāngle shí nián **yuànzhǎng**, shàng ge yuè cái tuìxiū. +
-    * English: He served as the Dean/Director for ten years and just retired last month. +
-    * Analysis: The verb `当 (dāng)` is used to mean "to serve as" or "to be" a certain role. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **院长 (yuànzhǎng) vs. 校长 (xiàozhǎng):** This is the most critical distinction for learners. +
-    * **院长 (yuànzhǎng):** Head of a *part* of a university (a college/school, like the "School of Law") OR the head of a hospital or academy. +
-    * **校长 (xiàozhǎng):** Head of an *entire* university or a K-12 school. A university has only one `校长`, but many `院长`. Calling the university president a `院长` is a significant mistake. +
-    * **Example of error:** "I met the `院长` of Peking University." (Incorrect if you mean the president; correct if you mean the Dean of a specific college within the university). You should say "I met the `校长` of Peking University." +
-  * **Not a general "Director":** Do not use `院长` for any director-level position. It is not equivalent to a "Director of Marketing" or "Film Director" (`导演 dǎoyǎn`). The institution must be a `院`. +
-  * **Addressing Protocol:** As mentioned, always use `[Surname] + 院长` when speaking to or about them in a formal context. Simply using `院长` to their face is abrupt and can be seen as disrespectful. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[校长]] (xiàozhǎng) - President/Principal. The head of an entire university or school (K-12). The `院长` reports to the `校长` in a university setting. +
-  * [[系主任]] (xìzhǔrèn) - Department Chair. The head of a department (`系`) within a college (`院`). This position is one level below a `院长`. +
-  * [[医院]] (yīyuàn) - Hospital. A common institution managed by a `院长`. +
-  * [[学院]] (xuéyuàn) - College / School / Academy. The type of academic institution managed by a `院长`. +
-  * [[研究院]] (yánjiūyuàn) - Research Institute. Another type of institution led by a `院长`. +
-  * [[所长]] (suǒzhǎng) - Director of an Institute. Similar to a `院长`, but typically for a smaller research body known as a `所 (suǒ)`, like a `研究所 (yánjiūsuǒ)`. +
-  * [[领导]] (lǐngdǎo) - Leader / Leadership. A general term for anyone in a position of authority. A `院长` is a specific type of `领导`. +
-  * [[职称]] (zhíchēng) - Professional Title. `院长` is a high-level administrative and professional title.+