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| 零件 [2025/08/12 23:03] – created xiaoer | 零件 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1 |
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| ====== língjiàn: 零件 - Part, Component, Spare Part ====== | |
| ===== Quick Summary ===== | |
| * **Keywords:** lingjian, ling jian, 零件, Chinese for part, component in Chinese, spare part Chinese, machine part, car part Chinese, computer component, Chinese manufacturing terms. | |
| * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese word **零件 (língjiàn)**, meaning "part," "component," or "spare part." This guide explores its use in manufacturing, repairs, and daily life, breaking down the characters and providing practical examples. Discover its cultural significance in the context of China as the "world's factory" and learn how to distinguish it from similar words like `部分 (bùfen)` and `配件 (pèijiàn)`. | |
| ===== Core Meaning ===== | |
| * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** língjiàn | |
| * **Part of Speech:** Noun | |
| * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 | |
| * **Concise Definition:** A discrete, individual part or component of a larger mechanical or electronic object. | |
| * **In a Nutshell:** **零件 (língjiàn)** is a very tangible and specific word. Think of it as a single LEGO brick, a screw, a microchip, or a gear. It's a fundamental building block of any machine or device. While in English "part" can be abstract ("part of a plan"), **零件** almost always refers to a physical, often manufactured, object that can be held and replaced. | |
| ===== Character Breakdown ===== | |
| * **零 (líng):** While its most common meaning is "zero," its older and more relevant meaning here is "fragmentary," "scattered," or "a small remainder." Think of something broken into smaller bits and pieces. | |
| * **件 (jiàn):** This is a very common measure word for items, articles, or pieces of something (e.g., clothes, furniture, matters). It denotes a single, countable "item." | |
| When combined, **零件 (língjiàn)** literally translates to "fragmentary item" or "scattered piece." This perfectly captures the essence of a component: a single, separate piece that belongs to a larger whole. | |
| ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | |
| While **零件 (língjiàn)** doesn't carry deep philosophical weight like `关系 (guānxi)`, its importance is deeply rooted in modern China's identity as the **世界工厂 (shìjiè gōngchǎng) - "the world's factory."** | |
| In the West, buying a "part" might evoke a DIY project, like fixing a lawnmower or a leaky faucet at home. The concept is often tied to individual repair and maintenance. In China, while this exists, the term **零件** is overwhelmingly associated with the colossal scale of industrial production, manufacturing, and global supply chains. It brings to mind vast assembly lines in cities like Shenzhen or Dongguan, where millions of **零件** are assembled into the world's electronics, cars, and machinery. | |
| Therefore, **零件** is not just a word for a physical object; it's a word that represents the very engine of China's modern economy. It speaks to a culture of mass production, intricate logistics, and a workforce skilled in assembly, rather than the individualistic "do-it-yourself" spirit. | |
| ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | |
| **零件 (língjiàn)** is a high-frequency, practical term used in many contexts. Its connotation is almost always neutral and technical. | |
| * **Manufacturing and Engineering:** This is its primary domain. It's used to discuss production, assembly, and design. | |
| * **Repairs:** In any conversation about fixing something mechanical or electronic, from a car to a smartphone, **零件** is the word for the replacement part needed. | |
| * **Daily Conversation:** Used when talking about a broken appliance, a toy, or any object that has come apart. | |
| * **Figurative Usage:** It can be used metaphorically to mean "a cog in the machine," referring to a person who feels like an insignificant part of a large organization. | |
| ===== Example Sentences ===== | |
| **Example 1:** | |
| * 这个机器的一个**零件**坏了。 | |
| * Pinyin: Zhège jīqì de yí ge **língjiàn** huài le. | |
| * English: A part of this machine is broken. | |
| * Analysis: A very common and straightforward sentence. This is the most typical usage of the word. | |
| **Example 2:** | |
| * 我们需要为汽车订购一些新的**零件**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Wǒmen xūyào wèi qìchē dìnggòu yìxiē xīn de **língjiàn**. | |
| * English: We need to order some new parts for the car. | |
| * Analysis: This shows its use in the context of maintenance and repair, specifically for "spare parts." | |
| **Example 3:** | |
| * 这家工厂专门生产精密**零件**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Zhè jiā gōngchǎng zhuānmén shēngchǎn jīngmì **língjiàn**. | |
| * English: This factory specializes in producing precision components. | |
| * Analysis: Highlights its use in a manufacturing and industrial context. `精密 (jīngmì)` means "precision." | |
| **Example 4:** | |
| * 电脑的核心**零件**都非常贵。 | |
| * Pinyin: Diànnǎo de héxīn **língjiàn** dōu fēicháng guì. | |
| * English: The computer's core components are all very expensive. | |
| * Analysis: `核心 (héxīn)` means "core." This shows how **零件** can be modified to be more specific. | |
| **Example 5:** | |
| * 他觉得自己只是公司这部大机器里的一个小**零件**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Tā juéde zìjǐ zhǐshì gōngsī zhè bù dà jīqì lǐ de yí ge xiǎo **língjiàn**. | |
| * English: He feels he is just a small cog in the big machine of the company. | |
| * Analysis: A perfect example of the figurative use of **零件** to describe a person's role in a large organization. | |
| **Example 6:** | |
| * 你能帮我把这些**零件**组装起来吗？ | |
| * Pinyin: Nǐ néng bāng wǒ bǎ zhèxiē **língjiàn** zǔzhuāng qǐlái ma? | |
| * English: Can you help me assemble these parts? | |
| * Analysis: `组装 (zǔzhuāng)` means "to assemble." This demonstrates the relationship between the parts and the action of putting them together. | |
| **Example 7:** | |
| * 我的手机摔坏了，需要换一个内部**零件**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Wǒ de shǒujī shuāi huài le, xūyào huàn yí ge nèibù **língjiàn**. | |
| * English: I dropped and broke my phone; an internal component needs to be replaced. | |
| * Analysis: The use of `内部 (nèibù)` specifies it's an "internal" component, a common collocation. | |
| **Example 8:** | |
| * 我们正在等待从德国进口的**零件**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Wǒmen zhèngzài děngdài cóng Déguó jìnkǒu de **língjiàn**. | |
| * English: We are waiting for the parts imported from Germany. | |
| * Analysis: Shows the word's relevance in global trade and supply chains. | |
| **Example 9:** | |
| * 说明书上列出了所有的**零件**和数量。 | |
| * Pinyin: Shuōmíngshū shàng lièchū le suǒyǒu de **língjiàn** hé shùliàng. | |
| * English: The instruction manual lists all the parts and their quantities. | |
| * Analysis: A very practical sentence for anyone who has bought furniture or electronics that require assembly. | |
| **Example 10:** | |
| * 这种旧型号的**零件**已经停产了，很难找到。 | |
| * Pinyin: Zhè zhǒng jiù xínghào de **língjiàn** yǐjīng tíngchǎn le, hěn nán zhǎodào. | |
| * English: The parts for this old model are already out of production and are hard to find. | |
| * Analysis: `停产 (tíngchǎn)` means "to stop production." This is a common situation in repair contexts. | |
| ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | |
| A major point of confusion for learners is distinguishing **零件** from other words that can be translated as "part." | |
| * **零件 (língjiàn) vs. 部分 (bùfen)** | |
| * **零件 (língjiàn):** A tangible, discrete, physical component that can be separated from the whole. It's usually manufactured. Think screws, gears, chips. | |
| * **部分 (bùfen):** A "part" in the sense of a "portion" or "section." It can be abstract or a non-separate section of a whole. | |
| * **Correct:** 汽车**零件** (qìchē língjiàn) - a car part (physical component). | |
| * **Incorrect:** ~~汽车部分 (qìchē bùfen)~~ - This would mean "a section of the car," like "the front part of the car," not a specific component. | |
| * **Correct:** 故事的一**部分** (gùshi de yí bùfen) - a part of the story (abstract portion). | |
| * **Incorrect:** ~~故事的零件 (gùshi de língjiàn)~~ - Stories are not made of physical components. | |
| * **零件 (língjiàn) vs. 配件 (pèijiàn)** | |
| * **零件 (língjiàn):** An essential, functional component required for the main device to work. Often internal. | |
| * **配件 (pèijiàn):** An "accessory" or "fitting." It's something that goes *with* the main device, often to enhance it, but is not essential for its core function. | |
| * **Example (Phone):** | |
| * The battery is a **零件**. The phone won't work without it. | |
| * The phone case and screen protector are **配件**. They are accessories. | |
| * **Example (Car):** | |
| * A spark plug is a **零件**. | |
| * Floor mats or a roof rack are **配件**. | |
| ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | |
| * [[部分]] (bùfen) - Part, section, portion. The more general and often abstract counterpart to **零件**. | |
| * [[配件]] (pèijiàn) - Accessory, fitting. A non-essential part that complements a main product. | |
| * [[部件]] (bùjiàn) - Component, assembly. Often refers to a larger, pre-assembled module made of several smaller **零件** (e.g., an engine is a **部件** made of many **零件**). | |
| * [[设备]] (shèbèi) - Equipment, device. The whole machine or apparatus that is constructed from many **零件**. | |
| * [[组装]] (zǔzhuāng) - To assemble. The action of putting **零件** together to create a finished product. | |
| * [[修理]] (xiūlǐ) - To repair, to fix. The act that often requires replacing a broken **零件**. | |
| * [[工厂]] (gōngchǎng) - Factory. The place where **零件** are manufactured or assembled. | |
| * [[构件]] (gòujiàn) - Component, structural member. Similar to **零件** but used almost exclusively in construction and architecture for parts of a building's structure. | |
| * [[备件]] (bèijiàn) - Spare part. A synonym for a spare **零件**, emphasizing that it's kept in reserve for repairs. | |